西藏吉塘花岗岩地球化学特征及成因

沿澜沧江结合带发育一条长达1000余千米的印支期澜沧花岗岩带,吉塘岩体位于该带北段,产出在吉塘以西约3km,轴向NNW,侵位于古元古代吉塘群变质岩系中,长70km,宽2~10km、出露面积341km²。主要由花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成,Rb-Sr等时线年龄值为220Ma。本文对吉塘岩体开展了系统的岩石地球化学特征分析。研究结果表明吉塘岩体为过铝质钙碱性S型花岗岩,吉塘岩体在岩石化学组成上,SiO₂含量63%~71%,平均66.5%,Na₂O含量2.8%~4.2%,K₂O含量1.7%~3.4%,铝饱和指数A/CNK=1.09~1.48,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉1.5%~5.6％,微量元素组成类似于片麻岩质的中地壳。(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i值为0.7280~0.7395,ε_Nd(i)为-14.1~-16.2,指示岩浆源区为地壳物质,成因上与俯冲作用无关,Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄(t_DM)在2.0Ga左右,与昌都陆块变质基底古元古代吉塘群的原始形成年代相当,岩体Sr、Nd同位素组成也与变质基底吉塘群片麻岩一致,综合分析认为,岩浆源岩为变质杂砂岩成分的古元古代吉塘群片麻岩,其原岩建造主要是火山弧成因的英安岩或英安质火山碎屑岩,微量元素组成指示为黑云母脱水熔融。分析认为岩浆形成于地壳加厚增温环境下的地壳深熔作用,构造上与板块碰撞后的环境相联系。支持澜沧江构造带为冈瓦纳与扬子大陆边缘多岛弧系统的边界即古特提斯主洋盆的观点。澜沧江洋的闭合时间早于澜沧花岗岩带的形成年龄220Ma,根据构造带上相关研究成果,倾向于认同碰撞时间在280Ma左右。     

A DISCUSSION ON THE STRUCTURE AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE ALTUN OROGENIC ZONE

A DISCUSSION ON THE STRUCTURE AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE ALTUN OROGENIC ZONE     

澜沧江构造带南段变质岩系锆石U-Pb年代学及构造涵义

澜沧江构造带南段的古老变质岩系因临沧花岗岩基的大面积出露而呈零星分散状出露,该地区是否存在前寒武纪结晶基底和变质岩系的精确时代以及澜沧江构造带变质岩系的变质时限等问题还不是很清楚。本文以变质岩系为研究对象,挑选出锆石颗粒进行U-Pb SHRIMP定年,获得锆石核部U-Pb年龄是1802Ma、1404Ma、1092Ma、906~961Ma、812Ma和727~623Ma,时代为古元古代、中元古代和新元古代,揭示研究区存在前寒武纪的结晶基底,三叠纪(~230Ma)发育区域性岩浆作用事件,破坏改造了其结晶基底;昌宁-耈街剖面近澜沧江岸边花岗质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为73.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=1.3,N=6),记录澜沧江构造带变质岩经历了晚白垩世变质事件。综合研究认为澜沧江构造带南段存在区域性前寒武纪结晶基底,构造带中昌宁段之变质岩系的变质时间为晚白垩世(85~74Ma),并一直持续到36Ma,约32Ma之后构造带发生走滑运动,变质事件明显早于走滑运动事件。     

云南临沧花岗岩的冲断叠瓦构造与推覆构造

 云南省西部沿澜沧江分布的临沧花岗岩,呈SN向延伸,长达500km,但平均宽度只有25km,系逆冲与推覆叠置变形缩短的结果。岩片冲断和推覆的方向普遍为自西向东,临沧花岗岩带向东推覆的距离为30-80km,最大距离120km,冲断叠瓦构造和推覆构造形成的时代主要为中、新生代。糜棱岩的同位素年龄为15.43Ma、25.55Ma和179Ma.新生代沿冲断层发生了近SN向水平走滑运动和沿NE、NW向断层的剪切运动。     

云南临沧花岗岩的冲断叠瓦构造与推覆构造

云南省西部沿澜沧江分布的临沧花岗岩,呈SN向延伸,长达500km,但平均宽度只有25km,系逆冲与推覆叠置变形缩短的结果。岩片冲断和推覆的方向普遍为自西向东,临沧花岗岩带向东推覆的距离为30-80km,最大距离120km,冲断叠瓦构造和推覆构造形成的时代主要为中、新生代。糜棱岩的同位素年龄为15.43Ma、25.55Ma和179Ma.新生代沿冲断层发生了近SN向水平走滑运动和沿NE、NW向断层的剪切运动。     

藏东吉塘复式花岗岩成因——来自锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学的证据

吉塘复式花岗岩位于澜沧江岩浆岩带北段,是研究澜沧江结合带演化过程的重要窗口。对澜沧江北段卡贡地区吉塘复式花岗岩中的黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,所选锆石样品均具有明显的生长环带,Th/U值普遍大于0.4,为典型的岩浆锆石,分别获得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为222.8±1.5Ma(MSWD=1.60,n=16)、213.6±1.1Ma(MSWD=0.98,n=20)和221.1±1.5Ma(MSWD=1.30,n=15),时代均属于晚三叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,吉塘黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩具有较一致的主量、微量元素含量,其变化特征也具有一致性,反映这2类岩石可能为同一期岩浆演化而来;吉塘复式花岗岩属于过铝质S型花岗岩,与临沧花岗岩、纽多花岗岩具有一致的岩石地球化学性质,为澜沧江花岗岩带的重要组成部分,具有统一的构造岩浆活动模式;吉塘复式花岗岩的成因与碰撞造山导致地壳加厚增温及与岩石圈剪切、伸展期有关的深熔作用有关,澜沧江洋的闭合时间可能为273Ma左右。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION ALONG THE ALTYN TAGH FAULT ZONE AND UPLIFT OF THE ALTYN MOUNTAIN, NORTHERN TIBET     

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ALTYN FAULT IN WESTERN CHINA

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF ALTYN FAULT IN WESTERN CHINATheresearchisfundedbyNSFC (No.4 9772 157)     

ACTIVE DEFORMATION STYLE IN SOUTH-EASTERN AND NORTH MARGINS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

ACTIVE DEFORMATION STYLE IN SOUTH-EASTERN AND NORTH MARGINS OF TIBETAN PLATEAU     

GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND OROGENY OF EAST KUNLUN TERRAIN ON THE NORTHERN QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND OROGENY OF EAST KUNLUN TERRAIN ON THE NORTHERN QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU1　XuZQ ,YangJS ,ZhangJX ,etal.AcomparisonbetweenthetectonicunitsonthesidesoftheAltunsinistralstrike slipfaultandthemechanismoflithosphericshearing[J] :ActaGeologicaSinica,1999,73:193～ 2 0 5(inChinesewithEnglishabstract) . 2　YangJS ,XuZQ ,LiHB ,Wu ,etal.DiscoveryofeclogiteatthenorthernmarginofQaidambasin,NWChina[J] .Chi neseScienceBulletin,1998,4 3…     

江汉平原古生界构造结构特征及油气勘探方向

江汉平原古生界具有北西—南东向分为三块、北东—南西向分为三带及纵向上多层楼的构造结构特征。三个区块为当阳—京山构造区、荆州—仙桃构造区及鄂城—大冶构造区,每个区块均可划分出三个次级构造带,并在全区形成三个构造变形分带。这三个分带在变形强度、构造样式等方面具有特征性差异:北东侧的构造分带受东秦岭—大别山造山运动产生的挤压应力的直接作用,显示以逆冲推覆结构为主要特征;南西侧的构造分带在三个构造区有差别,在当阳—京山构造区形成斜坡稳定带,在另两个构造区则以推覆叠瓦构造为特征;中部构造分带一般显示前缘断褶或复合叠加构造。当阳—京山构造区东部和鄂城—大冶构造区应以逆冲推覆体为勘探对象;荆州—仙桃构造区的仙桃地区应以上古生界油气藏为勘探目标;当阳—京山构造区西部宜昌稳定带和荆州—仙桃构造区的珂理—簰洲地区则应以下古生界油气藏为勘探目标。     

TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE GARZE—LITANG PLATE JUNCTION, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE GOLD DEPOSITS

TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE GARZE—LITANG PLATE JUNCTION, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE GOLD DEPOSITS     

The Lancang River Zone of southwestern Yunnan, China: A questionable location for the active continental margin of Paleotethys

In an attempt to constrain a Late Paleozoic tectono-metamorphic event along the Lancang River Zone, fourteen samples were processed for K/Ar dating on fine mineral fractions and detrital muscovites from this zone in southwestern Yunnan, China. The samples include mica schists, mylonites and gneisses from the Proterozoic Lancang Group and phyllites from the western part of the Simao Basin. In addition, one Ar/Ar analysis was performed on separated phengites from a blueschist of the central part of the Lancang Group. The results reveal a considerable spread of ages; the tectonic evolution of the zone is constrained by the new data, which accentuate two temporally separate, but spatially overlapping events: (i) a Late Carboniferous high-P/low-T metamorphism related to an east-vergent, Late Paleozoic thrust belt, inverting a Devonian to Carboniferous marginal basin of the Yangtze-Platform, and (ii) an upper Permian and Triassic low-P/high-T belt caused by a post-orogenic stage of rifting with distinct petrological and geochemical similarities of the igneous rocks to the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. These results imply that no active continental margin accounts for the subduction of the Paleotethys main branch, proposed to be recorded either along the Lancang River or the Changning-Menglian Belt.     

The Lancang River Zone of southwestern Yunnan,China: A questionable location for the active continental margin of Paleotethys

In an attempt to constrain a Late Paleozoic tectono-metamorphic event along the Lancang River Zone, fourteen samples were processed for K/Ar dating on fine mineral fractions and detrital muscovites from this zone in southwestern Yunnan, China. The samples include mica schists, mylonites and gneisses from the Proterozoic Lancang Group and phyllites from the western part of the Simao Basin. In addition, one Ar/Ar analysis was performed on separated phengites from a blueschist of the central part of the Lancang Group. The results reveal a considerable spread of ages; the tectonic evolution of the zone is constrained by the new data, which accentuate two temporally separate, but spatially overlapping events: (i) a Late Carboniferous high-P/low-T metamorphism related to an east-vergent, Late Paleozoic thrust belt, inverting a Devonian to Carboniferous marginal basin of the Yangtze-Platform, and (ii) an upper Permian and Triassic low-P/high-T belt caused by a post-orogenic stage of rifting with distinct petrological and geochemical similarities of the igneous rocks to the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. These results imply that no active continental margin accounts for the subduction of the Paleotethys main branch, proposed to be recorded either along the Lancang River or the Changning-Menglian Belt.     

The Recognition of the Chuxiong Foreland Basin System in Yunnan, China

THE RECOGNITION OF THE CHUXIONG FORELAND BASIN SYSTEM IN YUNNAN,CHINA     

构造-流体-成矿体系的反应-输运-力学耦合模型和动力学模拟

建立了一个综合的构造流体成矿体系的反应输运力学耦合动力学模型。利用有限元方法求解岩石变形、断裂作用和断裂网络统计动力学、流体流动、有机和无机地球化学反应及成岩成矿作用、压力溶液和其它压实力学、热迁移的方程组 ,可以对构造流体成矿体系的动力学演化过程进行 1～ 3维数值模拟。模拟的主要内容是在各种过程耦合作用下描述构造流体成矿体系的主要变量的时空演化 :( 1)与成矿流体的形成和性质有关的变量 ,如地层中矿物 (包括成矿物质 )的溶解速率、流体中各组分的浓度与饱和度、流体温度、压力、离子强度等 ;( 2 )与构造变形和流体运移有关的各变量 ,如应力与变形速率、岩石孔隙度、构造 (断裂 )渗透率等 ;( 3 )与沉淀成矿有关的变量 ,如矿物 (金属矿物和脉石矿物 )的成核速率、各矿物的沉淀量等 ;( 4 )上述各有关变量间的时空耦合关系 ,如断裂渗透率时空演化与流体流动、汇聚和成矿的耦合关系等。以湖南沃溪金锑钨矿床为例 ,应用该模型和方法对成矿动力学过程和动力学机制进行了初步的模拟与分析。     

甘孜-理塘结合带中段非史密斯地层的划分及组分特征

甘孜-理塘结合带内各种构造岩片(块)均遭受不同程度的变质变形,属于整体无序、局部有序的非史密斯地层,通过查明各类岩片(块)的岩石组合、来源、时代、变形变质及裂解、运移、拼合、定位历程,重新定义了“理塘蛇绿岩群”的含义,并新命名为“理塘蛇绿混杂岩群”。按结合带内岩块的不同组分、不同来源、不同时代、不同变形变质程度的不同,对各类岩块进行四维裂解拼合复原后划分为两个岩组(卡尔蛇绿岩组、瓦能蛇绿岩组)及碎屑岩、大理岩等组成的5类外来岩块。这对于进一步研究甘孜-理塘结合带的造山机制及构造演化历程有着十分重要的意义。     

Tectonic rotations about vertical axes during the last 4 Ma in part of the New Zealand plate-boundary zone

The declinations of the primary magnetization of sedimentary rocks in the northern part of the New Zealand plate-boundary zone, after thermal or alternating field cleaning, have been used to determine tectonic rotations about vertical axes of rigid crustal blocks. The pattern of rotations during the last 4 Ma, combined with structural style and continuity, defines seven structural domains each ca 100 × 100–200 km across, which contain crustal blocks up to 100 km across and 20 km thick. Large crustal blocks (tens of km across) in two of these domains have rotated clockwise more than 20° relative to one of the margins of the plate-boundary zone in the last 4 Ma. Their behaviour appears to be controlled by the nature of the plate boundaries, such as the presence of an underlying subducted slab and the strength of the crust at the back of the overlying crustal wedge. Small crustal blocks (< 10 km across) may have rotated clockwise through angles greater than 20° during the last 4 Ma, floating on an underlying zone of more distributed deformation. The tectonic rotations of the large crustal blocks, and the nature of the deformation at their boundaries, combined with an interpolation of the relative plate positions, can be used to reconstruct the plate-boundary zone at ca 4 Ma.     

闽—粤东南沿海大陆边缘韧性剪切带的基本特征

东南沿海大陆边缘剪切带是西太平洋活动大陆边缘构造带的组成部分,它是一条具有多次活动的左旋韧性平移剪切带。在本剪切带中可以观察到3种类型的构造:（1）规模巨大的呈北北东—北东向展布的糜棱岩带以及山拉伸线理组成的线状构造带。它们在平面上有明显的从断目两侧向中心递进变形特征;（2）呈北东走向陡倾角的糜棱叶理（Sa）、应变滑劈理或破劈理（Sb）、小型剪切带（Sc）;（3）由西到东断层作用样式和断层岩具有明显的递进变化特点。西部（浅部）断层作用以脆性剪切滑动为主,其断层岩则由假玄武玻璃及镜面糜棱岩组成;中部断层作用以跪—韧性剪切为主,为断层泥—碎裂岩—超碎裂岩;东部(深部,以韧性剪切作用为主,其断层岩为暖棱岩—花岗糜桂片麻岩—眼球状糜棱岩系列。以上特点表明在本剪切带内透入性和非透入性变形之间有着密切的关系,反映出在变形过程中具有由韧性变形逐渐向脆性变形的发展趋势。     

A discussion on the Genesis of the Jiama Copper-Polymetallic Deposit,Maizhokungger,Xizang

A DISCUSSION ON THE GENESIS OF THE JIAMA COPPER-POLYMETALLIC DEPOSIT, MAIZHOKUNGGER, XIZANG