Textural relations,P-T path,polymetamorphism and also geodynamic significance of metamorphic rocks of the Aligudarz-Khonsar region,Sanandaj-Sirjan zone,Iran

The metamorphic rocks of the Aligudarz-Khonsar region can be divided into nine groups: slate, phyllite, sericite schist, biotite-muscovite schist, garnet schist, garnet-staurolite schist, staurolite schist, mylonitic granite, and marble. In this metamorphic region, four phases of metamorphism can be identified (dynamothermal, thermal, dynamic and retrograde metamorphism) and there are three deformation phases (D1, D2 and D3). Paleozoic pelagic shales experienced prograde metamorphism and polymetamorphism from the greenschist to amphibolite facies along the kyanite geotherm. The metapelites show prograde dynamothermal metamorphism from the greenschist to amphibolite facies. Maximum degree of dynamothermal metamorphism is seen in the Nughan bridge area. Also development of the mylonitic granites in the Nughan bridge area shows that dynamic metamorphism in this area was more intense than in other parts of the AligudarzKhonsar metapelitic zone. The chemical zoning of garnets shows three stages of growth and syn-tectonic formation. With ongoing metamorphism, staurolite appeared, and the rocks reached amphibolite facies, but the degree of metamorphism did not increase past the kyanite zone. Thus, metamorphism of the pelitic sediments occurred at the greenschist to amphibolite facies (kyanite zone). Thermodynamic studies of these rocks indicate that the metapelites in the Aligudarz-Khonsar region formed at 490–550°C and 0.47–5.6 kbar.     

西天山造山带双变质带变质变形序列分析——以新疆昭苏县察汗乌苏一带为例

西天山造山带中双变质带以新疆昭苏察汗乌苏一带较为典型,根据变质作用的不同,划分出绿片岩相绢云母-绿泥石带、绿片岩相蓝闪石带、角闪岩相黑云母-普通角闪石带、角闪岩相矽线石-铁铝榴石带等变质相带;按其变质作用以及构造变形程度分为上部层次脆性性构造层、中上部层次、深部层次3种构造层次。根据之间的相互叠加关系,确立了造山带内的岩石主要存在着3期以上构造变形特征;在主要的3期构造变形过程中见有相应的变质矿物,并根据生成的矿物组合与变形之间的相互关系,通过变质矿物先后生成关系与岩石的结构、构造建立了变质与变形序列关系,确立了变质与变形非简单一一对应,而是具有渗透叠加和循环往复的特点。     

柴北缘鱼卡地区达肯大坂岩群的地质特征与构造环境

柴达木北缘鱼卡河地区的达肯大坂岩群可划分为斜长角闪岩岩组和片岩岩组.斜长角闪岩岩组主要由变质基性火山岩和碎屑岩组成,火山岩的地球化学特征指示为岛弧环境构造;片岩岩组分布在柴达木山西南侧,为一套陆源碎屑岩建造.该岩群遭受了三幕构造变形,前两幕褶皱变形是造山作用的产物,具有近似的北西-南东向或北北西向的褶皱枢纽,近共轴褶皱叠加的构造样式指示了北东-南西向挤压收缩的动力学背景.达肯大坂岩群遭受中压高绿片岩相-角闪岩相的变质,变质程度往北东方向递减,可与其南柴达木盆地一侧的高压-超高压变质带构成双变质带.结合最近从达肯大坂岩群中获得的锆石年龄,推断该岩群形成于大陆边缘的弧后盆地,时代为新元古代晚期-早古生代,是柴北缘早古生代造山带的重要组成部分.     

鞍本地区鞍山群变质矿物及变质作用

鞍本地区鞍山群变质岩出露区可分为鞍山、辽阳、本溪三个小区。所有的变质岩均属角闪岩相,从西向东,变质程度递增。三个小区最先出现的特征变质矿物分别是铁铝榴石、十字石和夕线石。退化变质作用由西向东递减,在东-西鞍山矿区已退变为绿片岩相,在绿泥片岩中普通角闪石仅作为残留矿物出现在绿泥石的核心。鞍山小岭子矿区有紫苏辉石、红柱石和尖晶石组合,它们是燕山期花岗岩围岩中的接触变质矿物。     

京北琉璃庙地区变质杂岩变质变形特征

琉璃庙地区变质杂岩主要由变质上壳岩、变质深成侵入杂岩及其脉岩群组成.它们多数经韧性变形改造形成各种类型糜棱岩和构造片岩.研究表明,变质上壳岩原岩主要以钙碱性火山(熔)岩为主.本区变质杂岩经历了三期变质变形作用,即高角闪岩相区域变质作用形成大型复式同斜紧闭褶皱;绿帘角闪岩相动力变质作用及强烈的韧性变形,形成了以蓝闪石为特征的不同强度的糜棱岩带;绿片岩相动力变质作用和韧脆性变形作用.     

大别山石马地区超高压变质岩角闪岩相变形的Rb-Sr同位素年龄及其构造意义

角闪岩相变形是大别山超高压变质岩的主期变形 ,露头和显微尺度的构造要素主要由这期变形产生 ,通过对超高压变质岩带内韧性剪切带中花岗片麻岩的Rb -Sr同位素年龄测定 ,获得一条变形花岗片麻岩的全岩 -白云母内部等时线年龄 ,表明超高压变质岩的角闪岩相变形产生于180Ma左右 ,超高压变质岩的主期变形确实为同角闪岩相变质期变形 ,该年龄与超高压变质岩的第二次快速冷却年龄一致 ,由此证实超高压变质岩在180Ma左右快速从下地壳折返至中地壳     

大陆俯冲隧道中的应变不均一分布：来自大别山超高压变质岩的记录

俯冲隧道是俯冲板片与上覆板块之间的剪切带,也是高压—超高压变质岩折返和深部流/熔体活动的通道。大别山超高压变质岩分布广泛,变形程度差异很大,是研究大陆俯冲隧道中岩石变质- 变形过程的理想地区。本文系统总结了前人对中大别双河地区超高压变质岩的岩石学和年代学研究成果,在双河地区开展了地质填图、应变分析和三维构造重建。通过将超高压变质岩的变形特征与P- T- t轨迹结合,识别出超高压变质岩折返过程中的三期韧性变形。在双河北部发现了一个上盘向NW剪切的千米尺度的榴辉岩相鞘褶皱,枢纽向SE倾伏,倾伏角约20°,与榴辉岩、片岩和长英质片麻岩的拉伸线理平行,表明超高压变质岩初始折返阶段的流体活动使榴辉岩的强度显著降低,榴辉岩与围岩一起发生韧性变形。该期变形被角闪岩相退变质阶段上盘向NW的剪切叠加,此时应变集中于片麻岩、片岩、大理岩等非能干层,强度较高的榴辉岩成为构造透镜体。而绿片岩相变质阶段上盘向SE方向的剪切与早白垩世北大别花岗片麻岩穹隆的形成有关。对双河南部弱变形花岗片麻岩的锆石U- Pb定年揭示了757±14 Ma的原岩年龄和 240~216 Ma的变质年龄,与双河北部含柯石英强变形花岗片麻岩类似,暗示其也经历了三叠纪超高压变质作用及随后的角闪岩相退变质作用。通过计算长英质片麻岩的有效黏度,发现无水碱长花岗片麻岩的有效黏度高于黑云斜长片麻岩,折返阶段的流体活动使超高压变质岩的强度显著降低,当局部的流体活动不足以弱化碱长花岗岩体时,应变集中于黑云斜长片麻岩。因此,大陆俯冲隧道中的应变分布受矿物组成、流体活动和岩体规模的共同影响。     

内蒙古大青山高级变质岩韧性剪切带及其流变机制

大青山高级变质岩不仅记录华北克拉通早期大陆形成演化历史,也保留了中下部地壳岩石流变信息,它们经历了下部地壳构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件变质变形、深熔作用改造,形成了复杂构造样式和构造要素组合.韧性剪切带是高级变质岩中主要构造形迹,控制着早前寒武纪高级变质岩主体构造格架.依据野外地质产状、变形特征与构造要素叠加改造关系,韧性剪切带划分为早期近水平顺层伸展型和晚期陡倾韧性剪切带.近水平顺层伸展韧性剪切带呈残留状保留在后期变形改造较弱部位上,主要沿着不同地质单元或者岩性层界面上发育,是在伸展变形体制下形成的.晚期陡倾韧性剪切带呈近东西方向展布,规模较大,叠加和改造早期构造形迹,形成于晚期造山挤压构造环境中,以左行滑移为主.这两种韧性剪切带都形成于地壳中深部构造层次高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相条件下,变形机制主要为熔体增强颗粒边界扩散和颗粒流动,使岩石发生大规模的塑性流动.在宏观上形成了不对称流动组构、条纹条带构造、熔融线理、层内流动褶皱等构造形迹,在微观上矿物晶体没有发生明显塑性变形,均匀消光,晶体为三边平衡结构,与静态变质结构相似,形成了地壳深部构造层次上变质构造岩-构造片麻岩.      

POLYPHASE METAMORPHISM AND INVERTED THERMAL GRADIENT IN THE LESSER HIMALAYA OF CENTRAL NEPAL: CONSTRAINTS FROM WHITE MICA COMPOSITIONS

POLYPHASE METAMORPHISM AND INVERTED THERMAL GRADIENT IN THE LESSER HIMALAYA OF CENTRAL NEPAL: CONSTRAINTS FROM WHITE MICA COMPOSITIONS     

滇西无量山地区的构造变形和变质作用

无量山构造带位于滇西兰坪—思茅盆地中段西侧北北西—南南东走向的复背斜。在复背斜中部发育北北西—南南东向的左旋走滑韧性剪切带。中部剪切带变质作用达绿帘角闪岩相的蓝晶石带高于绿片岩相黑云母带的围岩。用共生的黑云母—石榴石温压计计算得到中部剪切变质带西缘变质温度为600 ℃～650 ℃,压力为5.6 kba,东缘温度为550 ℃～600 ℃,压力为5 kba左右。结合同构造期石榴石变斑晶的环带成分和多硅白云母b0值的分析,首次在滇西提出该剪切变质带是进变质的,以不均一的、非连续的变质作用为主要特征,与区域变质作用不同。无量山中部韧性剪切变质带的进变质作用与剪切带中岩石的变形强度有关。岩石变形愈强,变形能就愈大,随之转化成的热量就愈大,该热能参与到岩石变质作用中,提高了岩石的变质程度。这一思路有可能成为研究变形与变质作用的一条有效途径。     

豫南熊店高压变质岩的pttD轨迹

豫南熊店高压变质岩块体经历了６期变形和变质作用,即从深地壳层次挤压缩短体制下的不均匀韧性剪切、榴辉岩进变质作用,到中地壳层次挤压体制下的逆冲推覆、钠长绿帘角闪岩相退变质作用,到地壳浅层伸展体制下的脆性—韧性滑脱、绿片岩相变质作用,以及更浅层次的脆性变形,动力变质作用。高压变质岩的形成与向地壳中、浅层次的大幅度抬升均是在挤压机制下韧性变形作用的结果,而高压变质岩暴露到地表是伸展滑脱、断块升降和差异抬升所致。     

Thermal-baric structure and P–T history of the Brooks Range metamorphic core, Alaska

Documentation of pressure–temperature (P–T) histories across an epidote‐amphibolite facies culmination provides new insight into the tectono‐thermal evolution of the Brooks Range collisional orogen. Thermobarometry reveals that the highest grade rocks formed at peak temperatures of 560–600 °C and at pressures of 8–9.5 kbar. The thermal culmination coincides with the apex of a structural dome defined by oppositely dipping S2 crenulation cleavages suggesting post‐metamorphic doming. South of the thermal culmination, greenschist facies and lowermost epidote‐amphibolite facies rocks preserve widespread evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism. In contrast, no evidence for an early blueschist facies metamorphism was found in similar grade rocks of the northern flank, indicating that the southern flank underwent initial deeper burial during southward underthrusting of the continental margin. Thus, while the dome shows a symmetric distribution of peak temperatures, the P–T paths followed by the two flanks must have varied. This variation suggests that final thermal re‐equilibration to greenschist and epidote–amphibolite facies conditions did not result from a simple process of southward underthrusting followed by thermal re‐equilibration from the bottom upward. The new data are inconsistent with a previous model that invokes such re‐equilibration, along with northward thrusting of epidote–amphibolite facies rocks over lower grade rocks presently on the southern flank of the culmination, to produce an inverted metamorphic field gradient. Instead, it is suggested that following blueschist facies metamorphism, rocks of the southern and northern flanks were juxtaposed, during which time the more deeply buried south flank was partially emplaced above rocks to the north, where they escaped Albian epidote–amphibolite facies overprinting. Porphyroblast growth, which post‐dates the main fabric on the north flank of the culmination may be the result of Albian thermal re‐equilibration following this deformation. Post‐metamorphic doming resulted from a combination of Albian‐Cenomanian extension and Tertiary deformation.     

安徽省潜山县韩长冲地区的地质构造特征

韩长冲地区主要由超高压变质岩、碱长花岗片麻岩、二长花岗片麻岩组成。前者包括超高压片麻岩、大理岩、榴辉岩和石英硬玉岩等。其中存在由黑云斜长片麻岩、石英硬玉岩、大理岩及层状榴辉岩组成的超高压变质表壳岩组合。超高压变质岩先后经过柯石英榴辉岩相、石英榴辉岩相、角闪岩相及绿片岩相多阶段的变质作用;经过榴辉岩相、角闪岩相、角闪岩相后及脆性等四期变形。其中角闪岩相变形形成本区的主要构造要素,以发育大量Ａ型褶皱及普遍的糜棱岩化为特征。碱长花岗片麻岩及二长花岗片麻岩只经过角闪岩相及其后的变质和变形作用。超高压变质岩与碱长花岗片麻岩呈侵入接触,可能沿缓倾向ＳＳＥ的韧性剪切带逆掩于二长花岗片麻岩之上。     

东升庙地区基性岩系变质作用过程

狼山地区位于华北克拉通北缘内蒙古狼山西段,该区构造演化变形强烈,根据基性变质岩系的产出地层时代、产状以及它们与不同期次的变质、变形乃至混合岩化作用的关系,将基性岩系地体按形成时序划分出4个期次。不同产状及期次划分的基性系列变质岩为恢复区域地质演化史提供了重要信息。笔者通过岩相学观察、化学全分析和电子探针等手段对不同期次变质岩的岩石学和矿物学特征进行研究,探讨其温压条件和构造背景。岩石学特征表明,狼山基性变质岩除绿片岩外,原岩都为基性火山岩。第一期斜长角闪岩富集Pb、K、Nb、Ta,存在明显亏损,Hf、Zr、Ti弱亏损,轻重稀土分异较明显,属于岛弧玄武岩;第二、三期斜长角闪岩具有板内和岛弧过渡的特点;第四期脉状斜长角闪岩轻稀土相对较低,表现为产生在板内张裂环境侵位环境。绿片岩Sr、K、Rb、Ba亏损而Th的明显富集具有岛弧或弧后盆地玄武岩的特征。选用斜长石、角闪石共生矿物计算各期斜长角闪岩所经历过变质作用的温度和压力。第一期斜长角闪岩计算得出其属于早期高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相;第二期玄武岩计算得出其代表了早期为角闪岩相晚期向低角闪岩相退变的变质过程;第三期斜长角闪岩计算得出其属于低角闪岩相;第四期斜长角闪岩属于接触变质的绿帘角闪角岩相。     

Metamorphic evolution of the southern part of the Hidaka belt, Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract The Hidaka metamorphic terrane in the Meguro-Shoya area, Hokkaido, Japan is divided into four progressive metamorphic zones: A—biotite zone; B—cordierite zone; C—cordierite–K-feldspar zone; and, D—sillimanite–K-feldspar zone of the andalusite–sillimanite facies series type of metamorphism. The metamorphic grade ranges from the higher temperature part of the greenschist facies (zone A) through the amphibolite facies (zones B and C) to the lower temperature part of the granulite facies (zone D). The zone boundaries intersect the bedding planes at high angles. P–T conditions estimated are 450–550°C and 2 kbar for zone A, 550–600°C and 2–2.5 kbar for zone B, 600–650°C and 2.5–3 kbar for zone C and 650–750°C and 3–4 kbar for zone D. The metapelites of zone D were partially melted.
At the later stage of the regional metamorphism which is early Oligocene to early Miocene in age, cordierite tonalite and biotite tonalite intrusives associated with segments of the highest grade rocks (zone D) were emplaced into the lower temperature part of the regional metamorphic rocks, giving rise to a contact metamorphic aureole. The thermally metamorphosed terrain (zone C') belongs to the amphibolite facies and its P–T conditions are estimated to have been 550–700°C and 2 kbar.
The P–T–t paths of the Hidaka metamorphism show a thickening–heating–uplifting process. The metamorphism is inferred to have taken place beneath an active island arc accompanied by partial melting of the crust.     

点苍山变质杂岩新生代变质-变形演化及其区域构造内涵

点苍山变质杂岩体是哀牢山-红河韧性剪切带四个变质杂岩体之一,遭受了多期多阶段变质-变形作用改造。本文重点针对点苍山杂岩的新生代变质-变形作用,尤其是以富铝质高级变质岩即夕线石榴黑云片麻岩和侵位于其中的糜棱岩化细晶花岗质岩石开展了深入研究。对夕线石榴黑云片麻岩的显微构造分析与矿物共生组合研究,确定了高角闪岩相和低角闪岩相变质矿物共生组合,分别为:石榴石(Grt)+夕线石(Sil)+钾长石(Kfs)+黑云母(Bi)+斜长石(Pl)±石英(Q)和夕线石(Sil)+白云母(Ms)+黑云母(Bi)+石英(Q)。对其中的变质锆石进行SHRIMP U-Pb测试,获得了新生代三个阶段的变质作用年龄,即54.2±1.7Ma、31.5±1.5Ma和27.5±1.2Ma.本文还深入研究了侵位于高级变质岩中的一个花岗岩质糜棱岩的宏观与显微构造特点,其LA-ICP-MS年龄为24.4±0.89Ma,代表着同剪切就位花岗质岩浆侵位和结晶年龄。夕线石榴黑云片麻岩中变质锆石从2150～27Ma多期多阶段表观年龄的发育,表明点苍山变质杂岩体具有复杂的构造演化史。点苍山杂岩的多阶段新生代构造-热演化归咎于印度-欧亚板块会聚与碰撞作用(约54Ma)、造山后伸展作用(大约40～30Ma)和沿着哀牢山-红河剪切带大规模左行走滑变形作用(约27～21Ma)。     

Retrograde Schists of the Amphibolite Facies at broken hill,New South Wales

Aluminous, mafic, felsic, calcareous, and sulphide‐rich rocks have been involved in localized deformation and retrograde metamorphism at Broken Hill, western New South Wales, where retrograde schist‐zones intersect high‐grade, regional metamorphic rocks of the lower granulite facies (or the amphibolite‐granulite facies transition). Although technically retrograde, the schists contain mineral assemblages indicative of the lower amphibolite facies. The schist‐zones were formed by local folding, apparently as part of the third stage of deformation in the Broken Hill area.     

U–Pb zircon study of tectonically bounded blocks of 2940–2840 Ma crust with different metamorphic histories,Paamiut region,South-West Greenland: implications for the tectonic assembly of the North Atlantic craton

New fieldwork, map interpretation, petrography and single zircon U–Pb geochronology has allowed the identification of different crustal blocks in the Paamiut region, in the southern portion of the West Greenland Archaean Craton. Changes of metamorphic grade from only amphibolite facies to granulite facies (some subsequently retrogressed) corresponds with zones of Archaean high strain ductile deformation ± mylonites. U–Pb zircon dates are presented for the TTG (tonalite, trondhjemite, granodiorite) protoliths from each block in the Paamiut region, and the southern portion of the previously identified Tasiusarsuaq terrane lying to the north. The southern part of the Tasiusarsuaq terrane contains 2880–2860 Ma TTG rocks and underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. Structurally underneath the Tasiusarsuaq terrane to the south is the Sioraq block containing 2870–2830 Ma TTG rocks partly retrogressed from granulite facies. Structurally underneath and to the south is the Paamiut block, dominated by 2850–2770 Ma granodioritic rocks that have only undergone amphibolite facies metamorphism. Also structurally overlying the Paamiut block, but cropping out separately from the Sioraq block, is the Neria block. This appears to be dominated by 2940–2920 Ma gneisses that have been totally retrogressed from granulite facies and strongly deformed. In the southernmost part of the region the Neria block overlies the greenschist to lowermost amphibolite facies Sermiligaarsuk block that contains the ⩾2945 Ma Tartoq Group. Rocks from all the blocks record ancient loss of Pb from zircons and some new zircon growth at 2820 Ma, interpreted to indicate a high grade metamorphic event at that time, including granulite facies metamorphism in the Sioraq and Neria blocks. The blocks of different metamorphic grade are interpreted to have moved to their current positions after the 2820 Ma metamorphism, explaining the change in metamorphic history across some mylonites and ductile shear zones which deform and retrogress granulite facies textures. The juxtaposed blocks and their contacts were subsequently folded under amphibolite facies conditions. The contacts are cut by undeformed Palaeoproterozoic dolerite dykes which post-date amphibolite facies metamorphism. These results, together with previously published data from the Godthåbsfjord region (north of Paamiut) shows that the North Atlantic Craton in West Greenland from Ivittuut in the south to Maniitsoq in the north (∼550 km) consists of a mosaic of ductile fault-bounded packages that attained their present relative positions in the late Archaean.     

Metamorphism of the East Sector of the Southern Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Geological Significance

The east sector of the southern Qinling belt is, lithologically, composed mainly of metapelites,quartzites, marbles and small amount of metabasites and gneisses, whose protoliths are the Silurian, Devonian andless commonly the Sinian and Upper Palaeozoic. They have been subjected at least to two epochs of metamorphism.The early epoch belongs to progressive metamorphism which is centered on high amphibolite-granulite facies in theFuping area and changed outwards into low amphibolite facies (staurolite-kyanite zone), epidote amphibolite facies(garnet zone) and greenschist facies (chlorite and biotite zones), the metamorphic age of which is about 220-260 Ma.This early-epoch metamorphism belongs to different pressure types: the rocks from greenschist to low amphibolitefacies belong to the typical medium-pressure type which shows geothermal gradients of about 17-20℃/km and wasprobably produced by a crustal thickening process related to continental collision, and the high amphibolite-granulitefacies belongs to the low-pressure type which shows geothermal gradients of about 25-38℃/km and was probablyaffected by some magmatic heats. Based on the basic characteristics of the P-T paths of the different facies calculatedfrom the garnet zonations, it can be deduced that the metamorphism of medium-pressure facies series took place dur-ing an imbricated thickening process, rather than during the uplifting process after thickening. The late-epoch meta-morphism belongs to dynamic metamorphism of greenschist facies which is overprinted on the early-epoch meta-morphic rocks and is Yanshanian or Himalayan in age, probably related to intracontinental orogeny.     

关于大别山榴辉岩相变质作用

大别山产出的榴辉岩相岩石包括石榴橄榄岩、榴辉岩、榴云片岩、榴辉片麻岩、榴玉英岩和榴辉大理岩等不同系列,它们均分布于花岗质片麻岩中。矿物共生序列研究表明,榴辉岩相岩石经历了从绿帘角闪岩相、柯石英榴辉岩相、角闪榴辉岩相、绿帘角闪岩相到绿片岩相的演化过程。花岗质片麻岩及变质火山—沉积岩系并未经历超高压变质作用,但却与榴辉岩相岩石经历了同一期绿帘角闪岩相变质事件,证明二者在地壳范围内发生了构造合并