中朝地块与扬子地块碰撞的时限与方式—长江中下游地区震旦纪一侏罗纪沉积环

古陆碰撞继之为海洋盆地关闭、山脉隆起和前陆盆地巨厚碎屑岩系的堆积。造山带的前陆地区，前身是被动陆,构造上位于较低的部位，其地质记录可以保存得相对完整。长江中下游地区，是大别造山带的前陆构造带。通过对那里沉积物形成环境，特别是物源区的分析研究，识别出震旦系至下三叠统被动陆缘沉积岩系和中三叠统至中侏罗统前陆盆地沉积岩系，据此推测大别造山带碰撞造山作用发生在中三叠世。早三叠世被动陆缘岩系和前陆盆地堆积物的空间分布，揭示出中朝与扬子两个地板之间的碰撞方式，在长江中下游地区从东到西基本是同时的。     

冈底斯-喜马拉雅碰撞造山带前陆盆地系统及构造演化

碰撞带前陆盆地的建立是大陆碰撞的直接标志和随后造山带构造变形的忠实记录。本文对欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞前后发育在拉萨地块上的冈底斯弧背前陆盆地,同碰撞产生的雅鲁藏布江周缘前陆盆地,以及碰撞后陆内变形产生的喜马拉雅前陆盆地的沉积地层演化以及碎屑锆石物源特征等进行了系统分析,结合前人及我们近些年的研究成果,认为冈底斯岛弧北侧发育一个典型的弧背前陆盆地系统而不是以前普遍接受的伸展盆地。除传统认为的喜马拉雅前陆盆地系统外,在碰撞造山带中还发育一个雅鲁藏布江前陆盆地系统,它是欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞以后,欧亚板块加载到印度被动大陆边缘产生的典型周缘前陆盆地。上述2个造山带前陆盆地系统的识别,大大提高了对新特提斯洋俯冲、碰撞过程的认识。造山带前陆盆地证据指示,新特提斯洋至少于140 Ma以前就已开始俯冲, 110 Ma俯冲速度开始提高,在65 Ma前后印度大陆与欧亚大陆发生碰撞,喜马拉雅山于40 Ma开始隆升,其剥蚀物质大量堆积在喜马拉雅前陆盆地中。     

STRESS FIELD ALONG THE REVOLUTION AXIS AND THE FORMATION OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

STRESS FIELD ALONG THE REVOLUTION AXIS AND THE FORMATION OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU1　SunZhaoyuan .TheStar (Nebular)HypothesisoftheStressField[M ].Beijing :PetroleumIndustryPress,1996 . 2　SunZhaoyuan ,SunJuan .Thestartheoryofthestressfieldofthepoletheecliptic[J].AdvanceinEarthSciences.Beijing :Sciencepress,1999,14(3) . 3　JiangMei,XuZhiqin ,etal.SeismicprofilingbetweenMangai,QinghaiandRuoqiangXinjiangandinfrastructurestudy[J].Beijing ,ActaGeologi…     

青藏高原古近纪-新近纪隆升与沉积盆地分布耦合

根据在高原及邻区近7年完成的1∶250000地质填图资料, 划分出青藏高原及邻区古近系-新近系残留盆地共92个.沉积范围大且序列完整的盆地分布在高原周缘和腹地.在高原的南、北和东缘, 沿区域性大断裂带分布许多走滑拉分盆地.古新世—始新世海相地层仅分布在藏南和新疆叶城地区.藏南半深海-深海沉积沿江孜-萨嘎-郭雅拉-桑麦一线分布, 其海水东浅西深, 西部为活动型, 反映新特提斯洋闭合的时间从东向西变新, 地壳抬升首先开始于东侧.晚白垩世隆起区主要分布在研究区东北部, 高原总体地貌格局为东北高, 西南低.古新世—始新世出现了腾冲-班戈、库牙克-格尔木新的隆起带, 西昆仑隆起带向东拓展, 祁连隆起带加宽, 松潘-甘孜隆起区范围向东有所萎缩.渐新世期间, 冈底斯和喜马拉雅带掘起, 昆仑-阿尔金-祁连的进一步隆起, 造成了整个高原的周缘为山系、而腹地为盆的宏观地貌格局.中-上新世期间, 冈底斯和喜马拉雅带、喀喇昆仑-西昆仑地区进一步较大幅度隆起;高原从渐新世及其以前的东高西低格局, 经历了中新世—上新世全区的不均衡隆升和拗陷, 最终在上新世末铸就了西高东低的地貌格局, 青藏做为一个统一的高原发生了重大的地貌反转事件.青藏高原新生代的隆升过程以多阶段、不均匀、非等速为特征, 具有强烈的时空差异性.      

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA

~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar GEOCHRONOLOGY OF THE SUTURE ZONE, LADAKH, INDIA1　TalatAhmedetal.GeochemicalJournal,1999. 2　HoneggerK ,etal.EarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters,1982 ,6 0 :2 53. 3　SearleMP ,etal.GeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin ,1987,98:6 78. 4　SharmaK ,K .PhysicsandChemistryoftheEarth ,1990 ,17( 2 ) :133. 5　Venkatesan ,etal.EarthandPlanetSciLett,1993,119:181.…     

THE GLOBAL TECTONIC SYSTEMS AND A LATITUDINAL MOUNTAIN-PLATEAU CHAIN ON THE NORTH HEMISPHERE

THE GLOBAL TECTONIC SYSTEMS AND A LATITUDINAL MOUNTAIN-PLATEAU CHAIN ON THE NORTH HEMISPHERE     

大陆板内盆山耦合及盆山成因——以青藏高原及周边盆地为例

摘要：大陆造山带与沉积盆地之间具有十分密切的内在联系,空间上相互依存,物质上相互补偿,构造上相互作用,时间上同步演化。这些内在联系体现在统一的形成机制上:大陆造山带和沉积盆地是在大陆边缘俯冲板片脱水熔融和大陆内部地幔柱(枝)上隆的热动力作用下,地壳由盆向山侧向流动,导致盆山地壳物质发生循环运动。青藏高原与周边盆地的耦合作用十分典型。青藏高原不是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的结果,而是形成于下地壳流动驱动的板内盆山作用。青藏高原板内盆山耦合可分为两个阶段:(1)板内造山成盆阶段,表现为180～120 Ma→65～30 Ma→23～7 Ma从青藏高原北部和东部盆山系统→青藏高原中部盆山系统→青藏高原南部盆山系统有序迁移,以构造隆升、水平运动、地质作用和大规模板内金属成矿为特征;(2)均衡成山成盆阶段,表现为从36 Ma开始,青藏高原整体快速隆升和周边沉积盆地边缘坳陷带巨厚的磨拉石沉积,以36 Ma B.P.、25 Ma B.P.、18~12 Ma B.P.、 08 Ma B.P.和015 Ma B.P.等一系列脉动式快速隆升、垂直运动、地理作用和水系 环境变化为特征。大陆板内盆山构造演化经历从伸展构造向挤压构造的转换,伴随盆地主动作用转变成造山带主动作用。大陆下地壳流动和盆山耦合形成非安德森式的低角度拆离断层、波状起伏逆冲断层和异常共轭关系走滑断层。     

Sedimentary record of the northward flight of India and its collision with Eurasia (Ladakh Himalaya,India)

Abstract

— Stratigraphic and petrographic analysis of the Cretaceous to Eocene Tibetan sedimentary succession has allowed us to reinterpret in detail the sequence of events which led to closure of Neotethys and continental collision in the NW Himalaya.

During the Early Cretaceous, the Indian passive margin recorded basaltic magmaüc activity. Albian volcanic arenites, probably related to a major extensional tectonic event, are unconformably overlain by an Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene carbonate sequence, with a major quartzarenite episode triggered by the global eustatic sea-level fall at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. At the same time, Neotethyan oceanic crust was being subducted beneath Asia, as testified by calc-alkalic volcanism and forearc basin sedimentation in the Transhimalayan belt.

Onset of collision and obduction of the Asian accretionary wedge onto the Indian continental rise was recorded by shoaling of the outer shelf at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, related to flexural uplift of the passive margin. A few My later, foreland basin volcanic arenites derived from the uplifted Asian subduction complex onlapped onto the Indian continental terrace. All along the Himalaya, marine facies were rapidly replaced by continental redbeds in collisional basins on both sides of the ophiolitic suture. Next, foreland basin sedimentation was interrupted by fold-thrust deformation and final ophiolite emplacement.

The observed sequence of events compares favourably with theoretical models of rifted margin to overthrust belt transition and shows that initial phases of continental collision and obduction were completed within 10 to 15 My, with formation of a proto-Himalayan chain by the end of the middle Eocene.     

后碰撞伸展环境下的盆地特征与成盆机制

与造山带结合,动态、系统地探讨伸展盆地的成盆机制是大陆动力学研究的新思路。本文以后碰撞环境下的伸展盆地为对象,与其它类型伸展盆地相区别,尝试探讨其大陆构造属性和成盆机制。后碰撞伸展盆地一般平行于造山带展布,受相邻活动造山带控制,形成于造山带后碰撞构造环境。盆地的转换、叠合过程与相邻造山带的演化密切相关,表现为动态的耦合关系,即由前陆盆地与主碰撞造山带相耦合,发展为伸展盆地与后碰撞造山带相耦合。其成盆机制实质是地壳缩短增厚后的去"山根"作用,拆沉作用造成加厚地壳减薄,并诱发基性岩浆活动,在地表形成裂谷或断陷,接受河湖相沉积。     

GEODYNAMICS OF SUPERLARGE DEPOSITS IN CHINSES YUNNAN-GUIZHOU-GUANGXI ON THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE QINGZANG PLEAUTAN

GEODYNAMICS OF SUPERLARGE DEPOSITS IN CHINSES YUNNAN-GUIZHOU-GUANGXI ON THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE QINGZANG PLEAUTANNNSFC (973Hi techProjects;;No 19990 432 10 )andFundsforDoctoralSupervisorsoftheStateEducation departmentofChina     

甘肃北山地区晚震旦世山岳冰川沉积

甘肃西北和内蒙古西端的北山地区,发育有罗圈冰期和南沱冰期的古冰成岩沉积,在白湖-马鬃山一带构成长达数百公里的山岳冰川隆起带,并分隔了南北两个断陷沉积盆地。其南侧沉积盆地南缘的塔里木古陆当时并没有大陆冰川覆盖,而北侧盆地的北部与洋区相连。冰碛物皆来源于山岳冰川隆起带,常以冰筏形式携带到盆地远处坠落,构成环境多样的含冰碛岩的海相沉积组合。     

特提斯喜马拉雅多重基性岩浆事件：追溯新特提斯洋的生存时限

Processes accompanied the breakup of continents, spreading of ocean floor and continent-ocean transi-tion could trigger large scale melting of the mantle beneath the continent as well as the ocean, and pro-duce mafic magmas with distinct geochemical charac-teristics. Such rocks provide us an important record for unraveling the nature and the time of deep tectonic and magmatic processes during the tectonic evolution of large-scale orogenic belts, such as the Himalayan orogenic belt. As an integrated part of the Himalaya, the Tethyan Himalaya consists of well-developed early Paleozoic to Cenozoic sediments and is noted for de-velopment of spectacular semi-continuous, thousand kilometers long gneiss (or granitic) domes. It has pre-served critical records to address the nature of defor-mation, magmatism, and metamorphism associated with the opening, spreading, and demise of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean and the final continental collision between the Indian and the Eurasian Plate at the early Cenozoic time. In addition, it also could be a type-example to address a number of first-order issues with regard to the tectonic dynamics of passive conti-nental margin during the Wilson-cycle.     

THE MESOZOIC QIANGTANG FORELAND BASIN IN QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU,CHINA

THE MESOZOIC QIANGTANG FORELAND BASIN IN QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU,CHINANationalKeyFundamentalResearchProjects(973) (G1990 40 80 15 ) ;NSFCGeneralProjects(4980 2 0 13)     

青藏高原南部晚新生代板内造山与动力成矿

青藏高原晚新生代构造隆升是板块碰撞成因还是板内造山过程 ,关系到高原形成机制、演化过程以及岩石圈动力学与大陆动力学的关系等一系列重大科学问题。近年来在冈底斯发现多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床 ,其成矿时代为 2 0～ 12Ma ,与青藏高原构造隆升时代一致 ,也与笔者10年前以大陆动力学和成矿动力学为理论指导的预测结果吻合。青藏高原南部晚新生代大量的地质、地球物理、矿床等方面的证据根本不支持碰撞造山理论 ,如青藏高原内部伸展边缘逆冲、碰撞与隆升之间时差明显 ,壳内低速层和低阻层发育 ,造山与成盆关系密切 ,板内隆升环境下发生大规模构造变形、岩浆活动和动力成矿等。青藏高原南部晚新生代构造隆升作用是在新特提斯开合转换、碰撞造陆之后 ,在下地壳层流作用的驱动下 ,发生板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展和改造成矿的构造成矿过程 ,大规模的板内金属成矿在 3～ 4Ma以来的均衡隆升、成山过程中进一步改造。     

中国中生代沉积盆地演化

在综合分析中生代早-中三叠世、晚三叠世-早白垩世、晚白垩世-白垩纪3个时段中国沉积盆地分布、充填序列、岩相古地理和构造古地理的基础上, 建立了中国中生代沉积盆地的时空演化, 并探讨了中国中生代沉积盆地的时空演化与中生代构造运动的响应关系, 认为: (1)随着亚洲洋俯冲消亡及天山-兴蒙造山系形成, 中国北方地区总体处于古亚洲洋消亡以后, 陆块汇聚碰撞背景, 西北地区盆山格局基本定型, 南部古特提斯洋的双向俯冲消减, 在北羌塘-三江多岛弧盆系中的一系列弧后洋盆相继俯冲消亡; (2)晚三叠世的"印支运动"使古亚洲陆最终固结并向外增生, 中国己经基本形成了南海北陆的分布格局, 绝大部分地区进入陆内演化阶段.印支期以后, 华南中部上隆, 隔开了西部的古地中海域和东部的古太平洋海域; (3)中侏罗世以来, 在古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的影响下, 整个中国东部卷入滨太平洋构造域, 西太平洋型活动大陆边缘形成.中国东北大部分地区为弧内裂陷(火山沉积)盆地; 华北-阿拉善陆块东西分化, 中西部主要发育压陷盆地或断陷盆地或坳陷盆地, 东部则形成与古太平洋板块俯冲有关的陆缘岩浆弧弧内裂陷盆地; 华南则以雪峰山为界, 东部广泛发育与陆缘岩浆弧演化相关的弧内裂陷盆地, 西侧则发育陆内大型压陷盆地、断陷盆地或断坳盆地.中国西南则仍然为多岛洋弧盆系格局.      

LakeCC: a tool for efficiently identifying lake basins with application to palaeogeographic reconstructions of North America

Along the margins of continental ice sheets, lakes formed in isostatically depressed basins during glacial retreat. Their shorelines and extent are sensitive to the ice margin and the glacial history of the region. Proglacial lakes, in turn, also impact the glacial isostatic adjustment due to loading, and ice dynamics by posing a marine-like boundary condition at the ice margin. In this study we present a tool that efficiently identifies lake basins and the corresponding maximum water level for a given ice sheet and topography reconstruction. This algorithm, called the LakeCC model, iteratively checks the whole map for a set of increasing water levels and fills isolated basins until they overflow into the ocean. We apply it to the present-day Great Lakes and the results show good agreement (∼1−4%) with measured lake volume and depth. We then apply it to two topography reconstructions of North America between the Last Glacial Maximum and the present. The model successfully reconstructs glacial lakes such as Lake Agassiz, Lake McConnell and the predecessors of the Great Lakes. LakeCC can be used to judge the quality of ice sheet reconstructions. © 2019 The Authors Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

盆地-山岭耦合体系与地球动力学机制

盆山耦合分析应该将地球动力学环境和板块运动学序列结合起来, 根据地球动力学环境所提出的: 伸展构造体系、挤压构造体系、走滑构造体系和克拉通构造体系进行定性与定量分析; 依照板块运动学序列所划分的主要旋回: 裂解阶段、俯冲阶段、碰撞阶段和后造山阶段进行定位与定时分析.伸展构造体系在离散期为陆内裂陷盆地及伸展造山带; 在聚合期为弧后裂陷盆地及张性岩浆弧造山带; 在后造山期为后继裂陷盆地及晚期伸展造山带.挤压构造体系在俯冲期为弧后前陆盆地及俯冲造山带; 在碰撞期为周缘前陆盆地及碰撞造山带; 在再活动期为再生前陆盆地及再生造山带.走滑构造体系在伸展期为走滑拉分盆地及剪张山岭; 在挤压期为走滑挠曲盆地及剪压造山带.克拉通构造体系在裂解期为克拉通内部盆地; 在拼合期为克拉通边缘盆地.      

“源热共控”中国近海盆地油气田“内油外气”有序分布

源热共控油气形成,烃源岩是油气形成的内因,热是油气形成的外因,内因和外因缺一不可,二者耦合作用控制了含油气区内油气的形成、资源潜力与分布模式。中国近海沉积盆地主要属于新生代伸展盆地或张扭盆地,古近纪发生裂陷,早—中中新世发生区域性热沉降,晚中新世以来新构造活动在多数盆地比较活跃。中国近海新生代盆地烃源岩主要形成于古近纪...     

西藏南部三叠纪沉积-构造演化

从三叠纪开始,西藏南部的沉积-构造特征开始发生分异,可区分出具不同沉积类型的4个带:1)喜马拉雅带——陆棚浅海;2)拉轨岗日带——上部陆坡深浅海—次深海;3)雅鲁藏布带——下部陆坡-陆隆次深海—深海;4)拉萨-邱桑带——早期陆内“裂陷槽”。三叠纪时,特提斯-喜马拉雅洋尚处于扩张初期,未形成宽阔的洋盆,也没有明显的俯冲,本区前三个带属于该洋盆南侧、印度板块北部的被动大陆边缘。株罗纪以后,洋盆两侧才形成了两种不同类型的大陆边缘。     

中生代羌塘前陆盆地充填序列及演化过程

中生代羌塘前陆盆地位于青藏高原巨型造山带内 ,夹于金沙江缝合带与班公湖—怒江缝合带之间 ,是一个与两侧缝合带逆冲作用相关的沉积盆地 ,由羌北盆地 (对应于金沙江缝合带 )、羌南盆地 (对应于班公湖—怒江缝合带 )和中央隆起带构成 ,其中中央隆起是北部前陆盆地和南部前陆盆地共有的前陆隆起 ,显示为对称型复合前陆盆地 ;该盆地形成于晚三叠世 ,并持续发育至早白垩世 ,盆地中充填了巨厚的同构造期的复理石和磨拉石 ,具有总体向上变粗变浅的充填序列 ,以不整合面可将其划分为 5个由顶底不整合面限制的构造层序 ,其中晚三叠世诺利期构造层序对应于金沙江缝合带主碰撞期 ,晚三叠世瑞替期构造层序对应于金沙江缝合带碰撞闭合后冲断抬升 ,早侏罗世构造层序对应于班公湖—怒江缝合带初始逆冲推覆 ,中侏罗世—早白垩世构造层序对应于班公湖—怒江缝合带主碰撞期 ,中白垩世构造层序为班公湖—怒江缝合带碰撞闭合后冲断抬升与金沙江缝合带冲断抬升的产物 ,为中生代羌塘盆地关闭后的磨拉石建造