Field testing innovative differential geospatial and photogrammetric monitoring technologies in mountainous terrain near Ashcroft,British Columbia,Canada

This paper presents a novel approach to continuously monitor very slow-moving translational landslides in mountainous terrain using conventional and experimental differential global navigation satellite system(d-GNSS)technologies.A key research question addressed is whether displacement trends captured by a radio-frequency“mobile”d-GNSS network compare with the spatial and temporal patterns in activity indicated by satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry.Field testing undertaken at Ripley Landslide,near Ashcroft in south-central British Columbia,Canada,demonstrates the applicability of new geospatial technologies to monitoring ground control points(GCPs)and railway infrastructure on a landslide with small and slow annual displacements(<10 cm/yr).Each technique records increased landslide activity and ground displacement in late winter and early spring.During this interval,river and groundwater levels are at their lowest levels,while ground saturation rapidly increases in response to the thawing of surficial earth materials,and the infiltration of snowmelt and runoff occurs by way of deep-penetrating tension cracks at the head scarp and across the main slide body.Research over the last decade provides vital information for government agencies,national railway companies,and other stakeholders to understand geohazard risk,predict landslide movement,improve the safety,security,and resilience of Canada’s transportation infrastructure;and reduce risks to the economy,environment,natural resources,and public safety.     

Characteristics of Zhangsanying-Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone and prospecting potential of iron deposits in northern Hebei,China

Based on the latest high-precision aeromagnetic data,an aeromagnetic anomaly zone is identified at Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi in northern Hebei Province.By the potential field conversion processing,including the reduction to the pole,vertical derivative,upward continuation and residual anomaly,the authors analyzed the characteristics of three typical aeromagnetic anomalies in Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone and their geological origin.The methods include the forward and inversion methods,such as 2.5D optimization fitting and Euler deconvolution.Moreover,combined with the geological outcrop,known iron deposits,ground magnetic survey and verification,the authors studied the relationship between the aeromagnetic anomalies and iron deposits.The result shows that the Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone is composed of 10 large magnetic anomalies with high amplitude and clear boundary.The aeromagnetic anomalies are comparable and intrinsically related to the ground magnetic anomalies and IP anomalies,indicating that the anomalies are caused by magnetite deposits.It has good magnetite prospecting potential in the Zhangsanying--Tongshanzi aeromagnetic anomaly zone.     

"白宫"书记的"学问"——平顶山市原副市长冯刘成违法违纪案纪实

六幢崭新的办公大楼、一个巨大的半球形会议中心气势恢宏;数百亩绿地、园林、假山、喷泉环绕其中;波光粼粼的湖面上,几只鸭子在悠闲地游弋……2006年5月底,当网友将这个充满诗情画意、外观状似"白宫"的郑州市惠济区办公新址的照片在网上曝光后,其山水景观式的建筑格局和530亩的占地规模,引起全国轰动,受到了舆论的猛烈抨击.由于办公楼规模宏大,被网友形容为"世界第一区政府".而决策建造此豪华办公楼的原区委书记冯刘成也因此出名,被称为"白宫"书记.     

伏牛山上守矿人——记栾川县地矿局三道庄矿区监督科科长郭彦清

在巍巍伏牛山深处的栾川县,有这样一位普普通通的矿管站长:他参加工作32年,有22年工作在矿管第一线,先后2次被评为省级先进工作者,7次被评为市级先进工作者,18次被评为县级先进工作者;作为一名普通地矿工作人员,他精通业务,在自己平凡的工作岗位上,用热情,用心血,用汗水,为他心爱的地矿事业奉献着自己的光和热;作为管理第一线的矿管站长,他坚持原则,不畏强暴,维护着国家矿产资源的安全.     

加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省能源矿产部Autodesk Map Guide通过集成不同系统的GIS数据促进勘探

客户成功案例1 Autodesk基础设施解决方案 BCMEM为勘探群体提供宝贵的数据 为最大程度上提高向勘探群体所提供的地理空 间信息的价值,BCMEM转向使用互联网和Autodesk MapGuide来分发空间数据.     

叶县全力打造"中国岩盐之都"

11月25日,在北京召开的"中国岩盐之都——河南叶县授牌仪式暨盐业发展高层论坛"上,平顶山市市长赵顷霖和叶县县长闰廷瑞从全国人大常委会副委员长许嘉璐、中国矿业联合会常务副会长曾绍金手中接过了"中国岩盐之都"的牌匾.这是中国矿业联合会命名的矿业城市名牌中含金量最高的一个等级.     

长江到底多少岁

江河如生物一样都是有年龄的.它们的成长也如同一个人的一生,分为婴年、幼年、青年、壮年和老年等几个阶段.不过河流的成长速度大慢,即使你活到100多岁,也许还看不出它有多大的变化.那我们又怎样知道河流的年龄呢? 原来,河流在发育过程中,即使是它千百万年前走过的路,也会在地面上留下足迹.我们寻踪觅迹,就能从它们的足迹上确定它们的年龄,就像我们从牛、马的牙齿,树木的年轮来考察它们的年龄一样.     

A review of modern treeline migration,the factors controlling it and the implications for carbon storage

Numerous studies have reported that treelines are moving to higher elevations and higher latitudes.Most treelines are temperature limited and warmer climate expands the area in which trees are capable of growing.Hence,climate change has been assumed to be the main driver behind this treeline movement.The latest review of treeline studies was published in 2009 by Harsch et al.Since then,a plethora of papers have been published studying local treeline migration.Here we bring together this knowledge through a review of 142 treeline related publications,including 477 study locations.We summarize the information known about factors limiting tree-growth at and near treelines.Treeline migration is not only dependent on favorable growing conditions but also requires seedling establishment and survival above the current treeline.These conditions appear to have become favorable at many locations,particularly so in recent years.The review revealed that at 66%of these treeline sites forest cover had increased in elevational or latitudinal extent.The physical form of treelines influences how likely they are to migrate and can be used as an indicator when predicting future treeline movements.Our analysis also revealed that while a greater percentage of elevational treelines are moving,the latitudinal treelines are capable of moving at greater horizontal speed.This can potentially have substantial impacts on ecosystem carbon storage.To conclude the review,we present the three main hypotheses as to whether ecosystem carbon budgets will be reduced,increased or remain the same due to treeline migration.While the answer still remains under debate,we believe that all three hypotheses are likely to apply depending on the encroached ecosystem.Concerningly,evidence is emerging on how treeline migration may turn tundra landscapes from net sinks to net sources of carbon dioxide in the future.     

Sediment generation and soil mound denudation in areas of high-density tree throw along a river valley in the Jura Mountains,Switzerland

A preliminary field-based investigation was undertaken in a small(<10 km²)river valley located in the mountainous Jura region of northwest Switzerland.The aims of the work were to assess sediment generation and annual sediment transport rates by tree throw on forested hillslopes,and to document surface hydrology characteristics on four fresh soil mounds associated with recent tree throws over a 24-day monitoring period.For the soil mounds,average sediment recovery ranged from 7.7-28.2 g(dry weight),equivalent to a suspended sediment concentration of 145.2-327.8 g L^-1,and runoff coefficients ranged from 1.0%-4.2%.Based on a soil bulk density value of 1,044 kg m^-3,upslope runoff generation areas were denuded by an average 0.14 mm by the end of the 24-day monitoring period,representing an erosion rate equivalent to 2.1 mm yr^-1.A ca.50 cm high soil mound could therefore feasibly persist for around 200-250 years.For tree throw work,the dimensions of 215 individual tree throws were measured and their locations mapped in 12 separate locations along the river valley representing a cumulative area equivalent to 5.3 ha(av.density,43 per ha).Tree throws generated a total of 20.1 m³ of fine-sediment(<2 mm diameter),or the equivalent of 3.8×10^-4 m³ m^-2.The process of tree throw was originally attributed to two extreme weather events that occurred in west and central Europe in late December 1999.Taking the 18-year period since both storms,this represents an annual sediment transport rate of 2.7×10^-5 m³ m^-1 yr^-1.Exploring the relationship with wind on fall direction,65.5%of tree throws(143)generally fell in a downslope direction irrespective of hillslope aspect on which they were located.This infers that individual storms may not have been responsible for the majority of tree throws,but instead,could be associated with root failure.Given the high density of tree throws and their relative maturity(average age 41 years),we hypothesise that once trees attain a certain age in this river valley,their physiognomy(i.e.height,mass and centre of gravity)compromises their ability to remain securely anchored.We tentatively attribute this possibility to the presence of bedrock close to the surface,and to the shallow soil profile overlaying steep hillslopes.     

Abyssal Circulation in the Philippine Sea

The abyssal circulation in the Philippine Sea(PS)is investigated,with outputs from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 2.2.4(SODA224).The deep-water currents in SODA224 are carefully evaluated,with sparse in situ observations in the North Pacific Ocean.In the upper deep layer(20003000 m)of the PS,a strong westward current,which originates from the Northeast Pacific Basin and enters the PS through the Yap-Mariana Junction,exists along 1114 N.This strong westward current bifurcates into two western boundary currents off the Philippines.The northward-flowing current flows out of the PS around 2021 N,whereas the southward-flowing current transports deep water from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere.In the lower deep layer(30004500 m),the inflow water first flows northward to the east of the Western Mariana Basin and then turns westward at approximately 18 N.The inflow water mainly enters the Philippine Basin(PB),with a small part turning southward to constitute a weak cyclonic circulation.The water entering the PB mainly merges into a strong southward western boundary current in the south-ern PB.In the bottom layer(below 4500 m),both the northeast and northwest PB show single cyclonic gyres,whereas the south PB shows a single anticyclonic gyre.Moreover,comparisons with the observations indicate the possible existence of a cyclonic sense of circulation over the Philippine Trench.The current study provides the implications for future observations,which are needed to fur-ther investigate the temporospatial variations of the abyssal circulation in the PS on multiple scales.     

Coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper reaches of Min River

Human settlements are the place where human beings live,among which the rural settlements can be regarded as a reflection of human-land relationship in mountain areas because their vertical distribution is greatly influenced by the specific geographical environment and ecological conditions of mountains.Based on field investigation,this paper uses physical,geographical,and ecological theories to make a comprehensive study of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper Min River,which is an ecologically fragile area with high-frequency disasters（collapse,landslide,debris flow,etc.） and a minority inhabit district.By applying these modern scientific theories,this paper attempts to shed some light on the relationship between rural settlements and mountain disasters.Consequently,an in-depth understanding of this relationship was achieved as follows：（1） Rural settlements and mountain disasters are mainly distributed in the intercepted flows of water and soil; and both quantity and quality of arable lands in mountains are important indicators of these flows.（2） The Small Watershed Management Project is a complex system of rural settlements and mountain disasters that interacts with and constrains the ecological system.By this project,the human survival will be better guaranteed.Being fundamental for the ecological reconstruction,the coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters is not only an engine to promote harmonious development between human and nature,but also a bridge to link them.     

一件值得称颂的大喜事——热烈祝贺全省53个县(市)告别"秦砖汉瓦"时代

这是一个令人振奋的喜讯. 据河南省国土资源厅于2007年9月5日召开的新闻发布会透露,截至8月底,全省已有4个省辖市、53个县(市、区),在经历了一年多的艰苦、细致工作后,终于关闭了辖区内的所有砖瓦窑厂,与"秦砖汉瓦"彻底告别.让我们记住吧,记住这4个省辖市的名字.它们分别是:漯河市、安阳市、鹤壁市、焦作市.让我们记住吧,记住这53个县(市、区)的名字.它们中有:舞阳县、临颍县、召陵区、文峰区、淇滨区、修武县、孟州市、伊川县等.     

庭院小经济推进节约集约用地

一边是蒜苗、菠菜、生菜等各种时令蔬菜,一边的猪圈内有五头将要出栏的肥猪.猪圈旁边是沼气池,沼气池为水泥结构,圆锥形,上边留一个直径有半米的圆孔以便向内填充植物垃圾和秸秆,其余的地方用土填好以后还可以种上菜,墙根没有硬化的地方,还零落地留着苦瓜、南瓜的枯藤.这是日前笔者在修武县城关镇河北辛庄村民范庆河家中看到的景象.     

联合教学和教师培训

介绍了与外国专家在英语口语上课进行联合教学的活动:对联合教学的预期,怎样组织联合教学,通过这一尝试的收益.也讨论了联合教学的教师培训功能并展示了这种教学活动对有关各方的益处.     

实施"内生台州"战略大力推广工业化用地新模式——关于节约集约用地的若干思考

今年“6．25”是第十八个全国“土地日”。严格保护耕地,节约集约用地,是“土地日”宣传的永恒主题。本期的“本刊特稿”,我们就围绕这个永恒的主题,特地组织了一组相关文章。撰写者有市局、县局局长,有地方行政官员,有开发区主任,有土地学会的专家;论题所及,有平原地区,有山区,还有海岛．由此可见,节约集约用地在浙江为各界人士、全方位地关注着。我们希望有更多更好的文章,更深入地探讨、总结节约集约用地的思路、方法和经验。     

书屋

<正>梁文道我读《梁文道我读》是基于凤凰卫视《开卷八分钟》节目而来的,这个节目通过主持人每天介绍一本书,让观众用最简利的方式碰触到书籍的精髓,进入一个又一个迥异又奇妙的书中世界。主持人梁文道通过自己读书后的消化、反刍,然后变成评论,某种意义     

基于电话网远程智能控制器

介绍了一种基于电话网(PSTN)的远程智能控制系统.采用电话机上的按键作为控制命令按键,以公用电话网作为传输线路,将控制信号发送给远程智能控制系统,控制系统将收到的控制信号通过无线的方式发送到控制终端,来控制与控制终端相连的用电器.系统以MT8880芯片作为DTMF信号的编解码核心,利用单片机的智能功能实现对受控设备的控制,同时,为了提高安全,系统通过软件设置了密码.当需要远程控制时,操作者首先要拨打相应的电话号码;电话接通后,根据语音提示输入密码,便进入可对远地设备进行控制的状态.同时还具有,当系统收到异常信号时,自动拨打预存的电话号码,告知用户有异常情况发生,以起到远程报警的作用.这种控制系统具有简单、廉价、实用的特点,并且较一般的控制系统更为安全可靠.     

Trade-offs and Synergies of Ecosystem Services in Karst Area of China Driven by Grain-for-Green Program

As an important means regulating the relationship between human and natural ecosystem,ecological restoration program plays a key role in restoring ecosystem functions.The Grain-for-Green Program(GFGP,One of the world’s most ambitious ecosystem conservation set-aside programs aims to transfer farmland on steep slopes to forestland or grassland to increase vegetation coverage)has been widely implemented from 1999 to 2015 and exerted significant influence on land use and ecosystem services(ESs).In this study,three ecological models(In VEST,RUSLE,and CASA)were used to accurately calculate the three key types of ESs,water yield(WY),soil conservation(SC),and net primary production(NPP)in Karst area of southwestern China from 1982 to 2015.The impact of GFGP on ESs and trade-offs was analyzed.It provides practical guidance in carrying out ecological regulation in Karst area of China under global climate change.Results showed that ESs and trade-offs had changed dramatically driven by GFGP.In detail,temporally,SC and NPP exhibited an increasing trend,while WY exhibited a decreasing trend.Spatially,SC basically decreased from west to east;NPP basically increased from north to south;WY basically increased from west to east;NPP and SC,SC and WY developed in the direction of trade-offs driven by the GFGP,while NPP and WY developed in the direction of synergy.Therefore,future ecosystem management and restoration policy-making should consider trade-offs of ESs so as to achieve sustainable provision of ESs.     

Using fuzzy-AHP and parametric technique to assess soil fertility status in Northeast of Iran

A good understanding of the levels and distribution patterns of soil properties and/or quality indicators is a prerequisite for developing sustainable agricultural land management programs. Traditional assessments of these parameters of soil fertility status are somewhat costly, in both economics and time aspects. Different modelling techniques have been proposed as a useful tool for determination of soil quality indicators and development of soil fertility maps, but to what extent these results are reliable remains under-quantified in many regions worldwide. To address this uncertainty, Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process(Fuzzy-AHP) and Parametric analyses were conducted to ascertain the soil fertility status of a semiarid region in the Northeast of Iran for some selected crops: alfalfa, corn silage, potato, sugar beet, tomato and wheat. The Fuzzy-AHP and Parametric techniques using soil suitability indices were estimated for each crop and each soil delineation was achieved by Ordinary Kriging. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) was used as a compensatory method to allow tradeoffs among the selected criteria. Our results demonstrated that from the Fuzzy-AHP analysis, the soil fertility indices ranged from moderate to high for production of alfalfa;from low to high for production of corn silage and sugar beet;moderate to high for production of potato and tomato;and from low to moderate for production of wheat. However, the parametric analysis showed soil fertility classes ranging from very low to high for production of all the selected crops. High correlations were also observed between soil fertility indices predicted by both models. Similarly, the capacities of both models to predict soil fertility status for production of the selected crops were also highly correlated. The preference for the cultivation of the selected crops based on the Fuzzy-AHP analysis was sugar beet > corn silage > wheat > alfalfa > tomato > potato. On the other hand, using Parametric techniques, the crops preferences for cultivation ranked as corn silage > wheat > alfalfa > sugar beet > tomato > potato. We concluded that the findings would help to develop sustainable plans of cultivation based on patterns related to soil fertility classes depending on each crop’s requirement.