河南省土地利用存在的问题及集约用地的途径

土地是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,是不可再生的宝贵资源。我国是一个人多地少、耕地资源稀缺的发展中大国,当前正处于综合实力迅速增长,工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键时期,由于长期形成的深层次结构性矛盾和粗放型经济增长方式尚未根本改变,     

改进工业用地供地方式刍议

目前工业用地出让条件只有用途、面积、纯出让金和容积率,属于对粗放型、劳动密集型工业企业用地的控制标准,这显然不能适应改变经济增长方式的需要。因此,有必要实行一套工业用地的前置性控制指标。     

新亚欧大陆桥中国段矿业发展战略构想与对策

我国大陆桥沿线矿产资源丰富，有６４种矿产的保有储量在全国名列第一，其中煤，钠盐，石膏，镍，铝土矿，钼，耐火粘土和玻璃硅质原料等主要矿产在全国具有举足轻重的地位，发展潜力大，开发前景好。新亚欧大陆桥的贯通，给我国沿桥地区矿产资源开发和经济发展提供了契机。应把握机遇，尽快将矿产资源优势转化为经济优势，实现经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变。根据沿桥矿业现状，市场需求和资源保证程度，应重点发展能源等矿业。     

福建省矿山开采引发的地质灾害及防治建议

福建省矿产资源较丰富，各种规模矿山14000多座，为我省经济建设发挥了重要作用，由于粗放型开采，也引发了矿山地质灾害，造成多起伤亡事故和严重经济损失，同时引发社会安定问题。为此提出防治建议。     

国外保护耕地集约用地概览——加拿大：人人自觉参与耕地保护

随着人口的增长,工业化和城市化的发展,我们大量开发土地,粗放使用土地,以致耕地面积大量减少,环境资源破坏严重,付出了很大的代价。近年来,我国通过严格的用地指标控制、灵活的产业政策和不断强化的区域政策,在促进土地节约集约利用方面取得了一定成效。但是长期形成的粗放型经济增长方式和土地利用方式尚未根本改变,借鉴发达国家经验,完善土地的节约集约利用政策,形成资源节约的生产生活方式,具有重要意义。     

昆明市磷矿资源最适耗竭研究

资源的持续利用已成为可持续发展战略的重要目标之一。单纯的消耗资源、追求经济数量增长的发展模式，正严重威胁着资源的持续利用。而以较低的资源和社会代价，取得较高的经济发展水平，并保持经济社会持续增长的发展模式，已成为社会发展的必然。     

建筑师负责制与EPC工程总承包相结合的实践与思考

正随着中国经济从高速发展阶段进入高质量发展阶段,建筑行业的生产模式和运行机制面临优化升级。一方面,传统依靠人口红利、手工制造的粗放型生产方式受到冲击;另一方面,设计、生产、施工各自为政、层层分包的组织模式亟待改变。设计作为龙头行业,正面临多方压力,转型已成为必然。在这样的背景下,我国提出了以设计引领实施的EPC工程总承包和以设计实现一体化管理的建筑师负责制两种国际通行模式,并开始多元化的试点。     

内部审计在资产重组调整中的必要性

在经济体制从计划经济向市场经济转变及经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变的过程中,企业的资产重组和所有制结构的调整反映了社会经济运行的根本性转变。在资产重组和所有制结构调整的过程中,重新认识现代企业制度下资产的构成特点,分析内部审计在这一形势下存在和发展的必要性,并定位其职能,对现代企业的发展和内部审计的发展都显得十分必要。     

中国的用水何时达到顶峰

从中国实际用水增长业已放慢的趋势、已经开始启动的供水价格的大幅上升趋势和水价与用水的关系、经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变(高耗水行业已经接近顶峰)和用水与产业结构的关系、日益严格的环境立法和执法对用水的影响、中国水资源本身的限制等5个方面,分析中国的用水变化趋势,提出中国的农业用水量、工业用水量和总用水量目前均已接近顶峰,可望在10年内达到顶峰,最大用水量不大可能超过6500×108m3。     

加快推进“两个转变” 全面开展“二次创业”

全国地矿厅局长会议在张家港市召开,对“九五”的开局具有重要指导意义。这次会议的主要任务是:全面贯彻落实党的十四届五中全会和中央经济工作会议精神,回顾总结“八五”,研究部署“九五”,安排1996年工作。学习借鉴上海浦东、苏南的发展经验,学习张家港精神,进一步解放思想、更新观念、拓宽思路、加快改革开放步伐,促进地矿工作体制由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变,地质勘查业与矿业的经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变,抓住机遇,齐心协力,全面开展第二次创业。     

矿床的环境质量———一个新的地学研究领域

摘 要　 为了人类社会的可持续发展‚需要实行矿业开发和环境保护的协调发展。矿床的环 境质量就是适应这一需要而正在形成的边缘研究领域‚它的目的是为改善环境而进行的矿床 学研究。主要任务是：① 研究矿床的环境质量‚包括矿床类型、物质成分 （主要是有害组 分）、矿体产状、矿床构造及矿床的表生变化过程;② 按环境影响程度对矿床作分类‚建立 矿床的地质 环境模型;③ 进行矿床的地质 环境评价;④ 研究和找寻经济 环境综合效益好 的矿床新类型。面向21世纪‚矿床地质工作者应更新观念‚开拓新的研究领域‚将矿床学研 究单纯为找矿、采选冶服务转变为矿业开发与环境保护的协调发展服务。     

The nexus between income inequality,economic growth and environmental degradation in Pakistan

This study examines the impact of income inequality and economic growth on environmental degradation in Pakistan using ARDL bounds testing approach for the period 1966–2011. Empirical results for the aggregate CO₂ emissions and its four sources such as CO₂ emissions from solid fuel, liquid fuel and gaseous fuel consumption as well as electricity and heat production confirm the existence of long run co-integrated relationship between income inequality, economic growth and environment degradation. The estimated results indicate that carbon emissions increase as the income gap expands in Pakistan. Besides the negative impact of industrial share and population density on CO₂ emissions, we also confirm that economic growth in Pakistan comes up with higher emissions. Hence, the hypothesis of EKC is not valid for Pakistan during the study period. Our empirical findings are robust as evidenced by dynamic ordinary least squared and the U-tests. Overall, this study suggests that the distribution of income matters to aggregate carbon emissions and focus should be made on sustained economic growth to reduce pollutants and hence CO₂ emission in the study area.     

世界地质调查工作发展趋势及其对中国的启示

当前,全球经济增长乏力,矿产资源需求增速放缓,环境问题日益突出,矿业进入深度调整期,地质调查工作需求驱动力发生了重大变化。在这种背景下,世界地质调查工作发展呈现新趋势:1树立"大资源"观,加强关键矿产的调查评价。矿产资源研究呈现从传统到新兴矿产、从浅部到深部、从一般性研究到矿产资源全生命周期研究;基础地质从一般性填图信息到深度信息挖掘转变;2树立"大地质"观,推进地球关键带地质调查;3树立"大数据"观,推进信息技术与地质调查工作深度融合。中国地质调查工作改革必须尊重地质工作规律和经济工作规律,树立"大地质"、"大资源"、"大生态"、"大数据"的理念,加强地质调查工作的顶层设计,紧紧抓住关键空间、关键矿种、关键技术,推进地质调查工作的结构调整与转型,以适应经济和社会发展需求。     

Public assistance and employment growth in the rural periphery: Some issues in policy design and implementation

This paper discusses the role of public policy in promoting economic development in a UK peripheral area, Devon and Cornwall. It is argued that traditional measures achieved some success in the context of national growth. However, more of the same at a time of economic recession is seen as inappropriate since a transfer of resources from one region to another cannot necessarily be justified nor relied upon. Future policy initiatives should seek to provide self-sustained growth in peripheral rural regions through creating conditions in which indigenous manufacturing can prosper. In particular, it is suggested that the public authorities should specifically target resources at those small and independent firms in the local economy with the greatest linkage potential, since this is likely to lead to new-firm formation and employment growth. At the same time, the local constraints to development should be recognised.     

Environmental economic geography: A sympathetic critique

In this article I examine the objectives and substantive claims of a body of work that has come to be known as ‘environmental economic geography’ (EEG). I characterize this loose grouping of research activities as a topical contrivance: often what unites EEG researchers is simply a desire to apply the theories and methods of economic geography to environmental issues. The article explores an alternative rationale for doing EEG: the development of a distinctive intellectual project out of the encounter between economic geography and environment. Such a project extends beyond an assessment of the environmental impacts of economic activity, to examine the ways in which many ‘economic’ processes are environmentally constituted.     

Assessing the adequacy of North American agricultural land resources

This paper provides a prospective analysis of supply/demand conditions for agricultural land in Canada and the U.S.A. according to various growth scenarios and an assessment of the economic and environmental costs associated with expanding and intensifying the cropland base. Future cropland expansion is estimated on the basis of the interrelationship between growth in demand and the productivity of cereal output. The adequacy of the land resource base is assessed by comparing individual projections with expected reserves of cropland adjusted for non-agricultural demands for land. Within the context of these findings the paper proceeds with a general discussion of the man-made, resource and environmental constraints to expanding production and the resulting economic and environmental costs to society.     

The role of environment and natural resources in territorial organization of the USSR economy

At present there is a tendency for the roles, in the economy, of the environment and natural resources to be interrelated. Economic factors have increasingly been affected by environmental impact in spatial economic organisation (ETO). The growth of production results in the constant increased consumption of natural resources. New sources (of inferior quality in the developed regions or in the regions with extreme conditions), formerly not exploited area now used. At the same time the following tendencies can be observed: increased concentration of production, more complicated branch structure, growth in number of manufacturing industries, decline in the share of mining in industrial output. This tendency is accompanied by the spatial disjunction of technologically interconnected industries (dealing with mining and processing of raw materials) and by the formation of new industrial integrations (not dealing directly with natural resources utilization). In this complicated situation the investigation of natural resources and of the environmental role in the spatial organisation of the economy is becoming of special relevance. In the author's opinion while investigating this problem the type of social system should be considered, as well as the level of development of productive forces and the combination of regional nature and economic conditions. Three aspects of investigation—branch, spatial and functional—are proposed. The analysis of natural resources and environmental impact the spatial organisation of the economy in each of mentioned aspects should be performed on different scales—local, regional, national and international levels. The approach to problem investigation is based on the analysis of data about the USSR. and exemplified. The investigators recommend the application of Soviet experience in this field by the geographers of other countries.     

Low-cost airlines in Europe: Reconciling liberalization and sustainability

This paper addresses the contradictions inherent in the interconnections between air transport liberalization and the economic and environmental dimensions to sustainability from the particular perspective of the dynamic expansion of European low-cost carriers and their networks. The argument considers the incompatibility of environmental sustainability with a business model that promotes rapid growth in air travel without meeting its external costs, but, simultaneously, claims to be socially and geographically inclusive. Moreover, that growth is perceived to be advantageous to strategies promoting national and regional economic growth and, consequently, the provision of low-cost airline services is being promoted by an array of national and local government agencies throughout the European Union. The paper concludes that the low-cost model does not account for its externalities despite air transport being the most environmentally damaging form of transport per passenger-kilometer but is clearly important to economic development at a variety of scales.     

四川凉山州冕宁县彝海镇“6·26”大型泥石流成因分析

2020年6月26日晚21时左右,彝海镇大马乌村和大堡子村爆发大型山洪泥石流,此次泥石流灾害造成重大人员伤亡及财产损失。灾后通过收集当地基础资料,结合现场调访及野外勘察等手段分析泥石流成因：此次泥石流是由于前期地震及人类工程活动影响下,导致该流域松散固体物质丰富且未及时疏通治理;流域中上游坡体坡度较大,地势陡峭,为泥石流发育提供了良好的自然条件,6月26日晚上突降特大暴雨,超出降雨阈值,造成安宁河洪水泛滥,冲毁堤坝,引发特大泥石流。此次泥石流灾害给我们以重大警示：应加强泥石流防灾减灾知识宣传,指导当地居民选择合理场地进行工程活动并及时疏通河道,加强山地灾害监测预警,完善群测群防体系建设。     

New method for in situ characterization of loose material for landslide mapping purpose

The assessment of grain size distribution and plasticity of loose geological material, during in situ geological investigations, is not obvious. Visual appreciation allows an approximative quantification of the coarse granulometric fractions, but not of the fine ones. Field soils determination methods suggested until now, are visual and tactile tests leading to a very rough estimate, which is only qualitative and not very reproducible. The new proposed field test (GEOLEP method) allows a quick quantification of the fine fraction of loose material. It allows the determination of the sand fraction (fine and medium grained sands) as well as the methylene blue value of the samples. The necessary equipment to perform this test is light and compact and the time needed to analyze one sample is approximately 15 min. Thus it is also possible to carry out numerous measurements in one day. The calibrations were carried out on a selection of 13 natural samples, chosen for their representativeness of the typical alpine quaternary deposits. The results obtained with GEOLEP method are relevant compared with standardized laboratory tests; the obtained correlation indexes are of 73% for the comparison with laboratory stain test results and of 89% with a laboratory method using a similar procedure than the field test. The correlation we performed with Atterberg's limits tests shows that a rough approximation of plasticity index can also be obtained (R² = 75%). This method thus brings a new tool which should allow taking into account the lithological factor (by some quantitative and representative variables) in a reliable way for the evaluation of landslide hazards.