SAR图像多尺度积增强的目标检测算法

合成孔径雷达（SAR）成像系统的热噪声和海杂波严重影响SAR图像自动目标检测的性能,去噪和均匀背景杂波是提高SAR图像目标检测性能的重要课题。根据SAR图像噪声功率一般存在于信号小尺度,没有跨尺度特征,而目标信号的边缘具有跨尺度的特点,本文提出了一种多尺度积信号增强和去噪的SAR图像船舰目标检测算法。本算法对SAR图像进行小波变换,应用多尺度积在小波域增强SAR图像船舰信号和均匀背景杂波,再对SAR图像进行目标检测。ERS SAR图像用于验证本文算法。仿真实验结果表明,新算法同传统的双参数CFAR检测算法、基于K-分布背景杂波的检测算法以及基于小波软阈值增强的检测算法相比,在虚警数和品质因数性能指标上均优于后几种检测算法。     

SAR图像机场区域的掩体目标检测方法

提出了一种基于几何活动轮廓模型分割的SAR机场掩体目标检测方法。根据SAR图像的特性选择了Chan-Vese模型(C-V模型),对其进行加窗,使全局信息的C-V模型局部化,并扩展到多相,从而有效地分割出机场区域;再根据掩体目标的断头路位置特征检测目标潜在位置;最后利用掩体在SAR图像的强回波特性去除虚警,实现对掩体目标的有效检测。实验表明:该方法能克服相干斑的干扰,简化对复杂拓扑关系的处理,为检测机场掩体目标提供了一种有效技术途径。     

一种新的SAR图像船只检测方法

提出一种新的基于恒虚警率(CFARConstantFalseAlarmRate)技术,确定SAR图像中检测船只整体阈值的方法。该方法采用高斯分布(正态分布)作为SAR图像灰度的概率密度函数,由CFAR技术直接导出用于检测船只整体阈值的计算公式,用记数滤波器滤波去除虚警。该算法避免了复杂公式迭代和求解形状参数计算过程,也避免了用二分法寻找阈值的循环解算过程,提高了检测速度。使用XSAR和ERSSAR图像对该算法进行检验,并与其它算法进行比较,结果显示所提出的算法在检测精度和检测速度上都有明显的改进。     

SRRG-MRF的SAR海冰图像分割算法

针对SAR海冰图像受相干斑噪声影响严重, 提出采用相干斑抑制区域生长模型的区域MRF(SRRG-MRF)分割算法。SRRG区域模型包括构建图像的相干斑抑制区域化表达和基于区域的灰度相似性进行区域生长两个部分,其中相干斑抑制的区域化表达由相干斑抑制的双边滤波(SRBF)算法和分水岭变换构成, 该模型在相干斑噪声严重的情况下, 能够有效抑制过分割和对目标边缘准确定位, 并防止MRF分割优化陷入局部最小值, 减少误分割。将SRRG区域模型与MRF相结合, 能够大幅度减少优化搜索空间, 获得准确的分割结果。采用不同视数的SAR海冰合成图像和由RADARSAT-2及SIR-C获取的SAR海冰真实图像进行测试, 结果表明: 与已有区域MRF分割算法相比,本文算法能够有效提高分割准确性。     

一种有效的MSTAR SAR图像分割方法

提出了一种有效的MSTAR SAR图像分割方法。该方法首先对待处理图像进行过分割操作,得到过分割图像区域,然后对过分割后的图像进行图像区域级和像素级的特征提取,得到用于表示图像的特征向量,接着对MSTAR SAR图像使用空间隐含狄利克雷分配模型(sLDA)和马尔科夫随机场(MRF)建立本文所提出的模型,得到能量泛函,最后运用Graph-Cut算法和Branch-and-Bound算法对能量泛函进行优化,得到最终的分割结果。通过使用MSTAR SAR图像进行分割实验比较,仿真结果表明了方法的有效性。     

自适应无监督分类的PolSAR图像机场跑道区域快速检测

针对复杂PolSAR图像场景中机场目标区域检测问题,本文提出一种自适应无监督分类的机场目标快速检测方法,该方法首先对极化SAR相干矩阵分解提取PolSAR图像的特征值图,转化为超像素图实现图像去噪及降维。然后用SLIC超像素分割算法分割构造超像素。基于超像素图构建极化分类特征,并采用无监督的谱聚类方法提取出疑似机场跑道区域,其中的类别数确定利用VAT-DBE(Visual Assessment of cluster Tendency-Dark Block Extraction)算法获得。最后,在疑似区域内结合跑道结构特征进一步辨识检测出场景中的机场跑道区域。利用美国UAVSAR系统采集的多组全极化SAR实测数据对算法进行验证,并与两种已有的无监督跑道检测算法进行对比,实验结果表明,该算法能够快速准确检测出机场跑道区域,处理耗时可减小80%以上。具有更好的鲁棒性。     

基于Voronoi几何划分和EM/MPM算法的多视SAR图像分割

基于区域和统计的SAR分割方法,提出一种结合Voronoi划分技术、最大期望值EM(Expectation Maximization)和最大边缘概率MPM(Maximization of the Posterior Marginal)算法的多视SAR图像分割方法。首先利用Voronoi划分将图像域划分成不同的子区域,而每个子区域可以被看成待分割同质区域的一个组成部分,并假设每个子区域内的像素满足同一独立的Gamma分布,从而建立多视SAR图像模型,并在贝叶斯理论架构下建立图像分割模型,然后结合EM/MPM算法进行图像分割和模型参数估计。该方法将基于像元的马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)模型扩展到基于区域的MRF模型,并且能同时有效地获取模型参数估计和基于区域的SAR图像最优分割。采用本文算法,分别对RADARSAT-Ⅰ/ⅡSAR强度图像和合成SAR强度图像进行了分割实验,定性和定量的测试结果验证了本文方法的有效性、可靠性和准确性。     

3维块匹配小波变换的极化SAR非局部均值滤波

极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像受相干斑噪声的影响,难以很好地保持结构特性,针对这个问题提出了一种采用3维块匹配小波变换的非局部均值滤波算法NL-3DWT(Nonlocal Filter based on 3-D Patch Matching Wavelet Transform)。该算法使用块匹配的3维非抽样小波变换对极化总功率图进行预滤波,在此基础上使用边界对齐窗提取结构相似像素,同时使用Sigma范围选择极化SAR数据的散射相似像素,共同构成相似像素集合;构建结构保持权重函数增大图像结构信息在块相似性度量时的权重,最终实现极化SAR图像结构保持的相干斑抑制。该算法增强了图像结构特征的表达,提高了结构相似像素选择的准确性,机载极化SAR数据实验结果表明,NL-3DWT算法能够在抑制相干斑噪声的同时,更有效地保持极化SAR图像的结构特性和极化散射特性。     

基于Delaunay三角网表达的图像分割

由于图像的复杂性和模糊性进一步增强,传统的图像分割算法已经无法满足其对分割精度的要求。为了进一步提高图像分割的精度,本文提出了一种结合SIFT特征提取与Delaunay三角网表达的图像分割方法,该方法可以有效削弱噪声对图像分割结果的影响,与传统去噪滤波相比,平滑过程中模糊图像边缘的程度比较低,同时,运用超像素思想,将传统基于像素单元的分割方法运用到超像素上,对被三角网划分的子区域进行聚类,最后得出分割结果。与传统算法相比,本文算法在分割精度方面有显著提高。     

噪声抑制的多极化SAR海冰图像分割

合成孔径雷达(SAR)海冰图像分割对全球气候研究和保证船舶航行安全具有重要意义。现有的基于区域的马尔可夫随机场(MRF)多极化SAR分割方法,由于受相干斑噪声影响,其区域划分不尽合理,不能有效完成分割。因此,提出一种噪声抑制的多极化SAR海冰图像分割算法,首先在极化总功率图上引入降低噪声的滤波算法,合理划分初始区域,其次考虑区域之间的差异度,从而实现多极化SAR海冰图像的准确分割。以RADARSAT-2和SIR-C获得的全极化海冰图像为实验数据进行验证,结果表明:和其他较先进算法相比,本文算法优势明显,既能高效保持图像连通性,又能增强图像的细节信息,具有更高的分割精度。     

Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition(ATR) system.This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms,and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture fea-tures to realize fast target detection.It first grids the original SAR imagery,yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids,and then calculates the texture features in each grid.By fusing the calculation results,the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined.The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest.The fused texture features,including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM),are investigated.The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast de-tection algorithms using real SAR data.The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application val-ue of our study.     

Fast algorithm for maneuvering target detection in SAR imagery based on gridding and fusion of texture features

Designing detection algorithms with high efficiency for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is essential for the operator SAR Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) system. This work abandons the detection strategy of visiting every pixel in SAR imagery as done in many traditional detection algorithms, and introduces the gridding and fusion idea of different texture features to realize fast target detection. It first grids the original SAR imagery, yielding a set of grids to be classified into clutter grids and target grids, and then calculates the texture features in each grid. By fusing the calculation results, the target grids containing potential maneuvering targets are determined. The dual threshold segmentation technique is imposed on target grids to obtain the regions of interest. The fused texture features, including local statistics features and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), are investigated. The efficiency and superiority of our proposed algorithm were tested and verified by comparing with existing fast detection algorithms using real SAR data. The results obtained from the experiments indicate the promising practical application value of our study.     

Using SAR Images to Detect Ships From Sea Clutter

An innovative constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithm was studied for ship detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the sea. Two advances were achieved. An alpha-stable distribution rather than a traditional Weibull or -distribution was used to model the distribution of sea clutter. The distribution of sea clutter in a SAR image was typically heterogeneous, caused mainly by variable wind and current conditions. Image segmentation was carried out to improve the homogeneity of the distribution in each subimage or region. In comparison with ship detection using the CFAR algorithms based on the Weibull or K -distribution, our algorithm detected the most number of ships with the smallest number of false alarms.     

天宫一号高光谱数据的船只检测实验

针对检测目标进行基于引力场的船只目标增强,计算船只目标的纹理、光谱等指标,基于支持向量机(SVM)方法,利用天宫一号高光谱数据,得到空间探测信息与地面实际目标之间存在精确的相互关系,进行船只检测实验研究.结果表明:天宫一号高光谱数据能够有效的从海水背景中提取船只信息,但船只类型仍难以有效识别.图像的自动分割对于船只的检测非常重要.传感器的多光谱与高分辨率相结合是今后研制的一个主要方向.     

任务分配均衡的双参数CFAR舰船检测并行算法

双参数恒虚警率CFAR(Constant False Alarm Rate)是舰船目标检测中的常用算法。近年来,合成孔径雷达(SAR)分辨率不断提高,SAR图像幅宽增大,并且在检测时希望尽量保持舰船轮廓以便后续的舰船目标识别。双参数CFAR算法虽然能满足目标检测需求,但算法运行时间过长,不利于信息的及时处理。传统的MPI(Message Passing Interface)并行化解决方案在分配检测任务给各进程时,没有考虑因陆地掩膜,几何校正等预处理所导致的图像中待检测点分布不均。针对这一问题,本文提出改进的MPI并行化解决方案。与传统的MPI并行化解决方案相比,该方案能较为均衡地为各个进程分配检测任务。在集群计算机上的实验结果表明,改进后并行标准效率提高约43%。为应对机载SAR实时舰船目标检测的需求,在多核PC机上进行实验,结果表明,本文算法在多核PC机上也能有效地缩短检测时间,对实现机载SAR实时舰船目标检测有积极意义。     

Multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR for maize mapping supported by segmentations from high-resolution optical image

Due to its ability to penetrate the cloud, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been a great resource for crop mapping. Previous research has verified the applicability of SAR imagery in object-oriented crop classification, however, speckle noise limits the generation of optimal segmentation. This paper proposed an innovative SAR-based maize mapping method supported by optical image, Gaofen-1 PMS, based segmentation, named as parcel-based SAR classification assisted by optical imagery-based segmentation (os-PSC). Polarimetric decomposition was applied to extract polarimetric parameters from multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 data. One Gaofen-1 image was then used for parcel extraction, which was the basic unit for SAR image analysis. The final step was a multi-step classification for final maize mapping including: the potential maize mask extraction, pure/mixed maize parcel division and an integrated maize map production. Results showed that the overall accuracy of the os-PSC method was 89.1%, higher than those of pixel-level classification and SAR-based segmentation methods. The comparison between optical- and SAR-based segmentation demonstrated that optical-based segmentation would be better at representing maize field boundaries than the SAR-based segmentation. Moreover, the parcel- and pixel-level integrated classification will be suitable for many agricultural systems with small landownership where inter-cropping is common. Through integrating advantages of the SAR and optical data, os-PSC shows promising potentials for crop mapping.     

一种从ERS-1SAR海洋图像中检测船舶航迹的算法

简单介绍了船舶航迹的几种模式,分析了单纯运用Ｔａｄｏｎ变换方法检测航迹的４个局限,并针对这些局限提出了一种检测航迹的思想－－先进行斑点噪声的抑制,然后用生理视觉的静态轮廓系统对图像进行处理,最后应用Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的方法来突出航迹的线性特征。我们用ＥＲＳ－１ ＳＡＲ海洋图像进行了测试,结果表明这一方法比单纯应用Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的方法更为前效。     

区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割

针对传统Gamma混合模型用于SAR图像分割时忽略像素间空间相关性,导致分割结果不连续并产生大量误分割的现象,提出了区域Gamma混合模型的SAR图像分割算法。首先对图像进行分水岭分割,得到过分割区域块,然后将其作为输入样本进行基于Gamma混合模型的聚类,在模型的参数估计过程中进一步考虑区域间的空间相关性,设计邻域因子融入到迭代过程,得到邻域加权类分布概率。该算法充分利用像素间的空间相关性,能够降低噪声对分割结果的影响。通过合成图像和真实SAR图像的实验表明,本文算法能够实现SAR图像的准确分割。