粉蕉离体的快速繁殖技术

以粉蕉的吸芽为试材，进行了离体快速繁殖研究，结果表明：以改良MS BA4．0mg／L(单位下同) AD5.0 NAA0.1作诱导培养基，外植体褐变率低，芽的诱导率高，且芽的生长良好；以改良MS BA3-6 NAA0.1为继代培养基，可以获得较高的不定芽增殖率，在增殖过程中，给予一定的低温处理和变化调整BA的用量，可以保持较高的增殖率(2．6倍以上)，而且芽的长势好；生根培养以1／2MS IBA1．0 NAA0.2 ACl为宜。     

EFFECT OF CYTOKININS AND AUXINS ON THE GROWTH OF FREE-LIVING CONCHOCELIS OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS

IAA 3-Indolylaceic acid, NAA a-Naphthylacetic acid and Cytokinins in PESI culture mediumwere used in a study on the effects of plant hormones on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis which showed that its growth in medium with cytokinins, IAA and NAA was morerapid than that in medium with non-phytohormones, that the optimal concentrations for promotinggrowth were 10μg/L for IAA and ZA (Zeatin), and 0.1 μg/L for BA 6-Benzyl amino purine and KIN6-Furfurylamino- purine. Mix use of NAA, IAA and cytokinins, NAA/ZA 1-1000/1μg/L, NAA/BA10/1-1000μg/L, NAA/KIN 1/1-1000μg/L promoted growth. IAA/ZA 0.1 - 1/0.1 - 1 μg/L, IAA/BA0.1 - 1/0.1 - 10 μg/L IAA/KIN 1/0.1 - 1000μg/L also promoted growth.     

Biosorption behavior and mechanism of lead (II) from aqueous solution by aerobic granules (AG) and bacterial alginate (BA)

Lead(Pb) and its compounds are common pollutants in industrial wastewaters.To develop appropriate Pb 2+ treatment technologies,aerobic granules(AG) and bacterial alginates(BA) were studied as alternative biosorbents to remove Pb 2+ from aqueous solutions.The biosorption mechanism of AG and BA were further analyzed to determine which functional groups in AG and BA are active in Pb 2+ biosorption.In this paper,the Pb 2+ biosorption behavior of AG and BA was respectively investigated in batch experiments from the perspectives of the initial pH,contact time,and initial Pb 2+ concentration.The results showed that biosorption of Pb 2+ by AG and BA occurred within 60min at the initial Pb 2+ concentrations(0 150 mg L-1).The actual saturated Pb 2+ biosorption capability of AG was 101.97 mg g-1(dry weight of aerobic granular biomass).When the initial pH was 5,the biosorption capability of AG and BA was highest at the initial Pb 2+ concentrations(0 20mg L-1).During the process of Pb 2+ biosorption,K +,Ca 2+,and Mg 2+ were released.The Ion Chromatography(IC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) further highlighted the main role of ion exchange between Ca 2+ and Pb 2+ and sequestration of Pb 2+ with carboxyl(-COO) of AG and BA.This analogical analysis verifies that BA is responsible for biosorption of Pb 2+ by AG.At the same optimal pH,AG cultivated with different carbon source has different Pb 2+ biosorption capacity.The Pb 2+ biosorption by AG with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source is higher than AG with glucose as carbon source.     

6-苄氨基嘌呤、 2,4-二氯笨氧乙酸对微绿球藻生长与代谢的影响

研究了不同浓度的植物生长物质 ,即 6 苄氨基嘌呤 (6 BA)、2 ,4 二氯笨氧乙酸 (2 ,4 D)对微绿球藻Nannochlorisoculata的生长和代谢影响 ,结果表明 :6 BA和 2 ,4 D在 0 1～ 1 0mg·L 1的实验浓度范围内 ,对微绿球藻的生长、干重、叶绿素a含量、光合作用强度和呼吸作用强度都有一定的促进作用 ,可作为微绿球藻的生长调节剂。6 BA的最佳质量浓度为 0 5mg·L 1;2 ,4 D的最佳质量浓度为 4 0mg·L 1。     

工厂化培养蒙古裸腹溞研究

采用充氧培养的方法 ,研究了不同饵料和不同盐度、光照下蒙古裸腹的生长情况。结果表明 :投喂小球藻、亚心形扁藻、等鞭金藻时蒙古裸腹的增殖率分别为 4 0 6 .6 %、377%、32 2 .2 % ,差异并不明显 ,而投喂酵母的增殖率达到 86 6 .7% ,效果显著 ;在 10～ 30的盐度范围内 ,盐度为 10时增殖最快 ,增殖率为 382 % ;自然光和遮光对蒙古裸腹的增殖率为 375 .2 %和 - 0 .6 8% ,差异显著 ,其生长和繁殖需一定的光照。     

西施舌生长的研究

于 1998年 11月至 2 0 0 2年 12月 ,在福建长乐对西施舌 (Coelemactraantiguata)的生物学特征进行测定 ,以人工养殖方法观察其周年生长情况。观测结果表明 ,长乐沿海西施舌的群体组成以体长 6 1～ 110mm占优势 ,其频率 ( fn)为 0 .14 0～ 0 .2 2 2～ 0 .12 5。不同大小的西施舌 ,软体部肥满度指数 (CI)具有明显的季节差异。 1龄西施舌月平均体长增长 4 .0 5mm ;2龄的为 2 .31mm ;3龄的为 1.83mm ;1～ 3龄为成体生长发育阶段 ,3龄之后趋向衰老。不同发育生长阶段的壳高与壳长直线回归关系 :幼虫期H =0 .994L - 13.0 7;稚贝期H =0 .90 5L - 4.76 ;幼贝期H =0 .0 14 +0 .82 4L ;成贝期H =0 .36 7+0 .72 4L。     

几种无机盐对隐甲藻生长和DHA产量的影响

研究了3种无机盐对隐甲藻(Crypthecodinium cohnii ATCC30556)生长及DHA产量的影响.结果表明隐甲藻可在NaCl为唯一无机盐的培养基中生长;培养基中NaCl质量浓度为6 g/L,Mg2+浓度为13.23 mmol/L,PO43-浓度为7.19 mmol/L可满足藻细胞生长和DHA积累的需求,此时隐甲藻有着最大的生物量和DHA产量,分别为3.31 g/L和499.93 mg/L.     

菠萝天然酶活力测定方法及活力变化

以菠萝 (AnanascomosusMerr)为原料 ,应用改良的方法对菠萝天然酶活力进行测定 ,对菠萝酶活力变化进行了初步探讨。结果表明 :测定未成熟、成熟菠萝酶活力分别为 10 6 .10和 6 5 .85u/mL ;菠萝肉、皮、整果汁酶活力分别为 86 .98、5 0 .72、5 5 .2 1u/mL ;室温贮藏 ,酶活力取样时为 5 4.97u/mL ,第 4天达最高值 72 .78u/mL ,第 8天降至 4 3.6 6u/mL ;4℃贮藏 ,酶活力取样时为 5 4.97u/mL ,第 2天达最高值71.6 8u/mL ,第 4天降至 5 0 .12u/mL ,即不同温度下贮藏不同时间酶活力变化是先升高后降低     

波吉卵囊藻培养的生态条件

波吉卵囊藻Oocystisborgei是南方对虾高位池作为微藻生态调控改善养殖水环境、防止对虾疾病的一种藻种。对其生态学特性研究结果表明 :其最适生长温度是 2 5～ 3 0℃ ;最适合的海水相密度是1 0 0 8～ 1 0 1 6,在 1 0 0 4～ 1 0 2 0范围均能正常生长 ;最适的pH值范围是 7 5～ 9 0 ;2 4h的光照时间 ,其增殖率最大 ;光照度高于 80 0lx增殖率较好。其种群增长无明显的指数生长期     

盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii次级代谢化学成分

【目的】通过化学诱导方法从一株海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii中获得多样化的活性小分子化合物。【方法】对菌株在盐酸普鲁卡因的化学诱导作用下进行固体发酵,代谢产物采用硅胶减压柱层析、Sephadex LH-20以及pHPLC等手段分离纯化,对化合物运用NMR、MS等波谱学技术并比对文献进行结构鉴定,采用Ellman比色法及DPPH自由基清除法对化合物进行初步抗乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和抗氧化活性测试。【结果】从海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii在盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下的发酵提取物中分离得到4个异黄酮类化合物,包括6'-O-crotonylgenistin(1)、Genistein(2)、Daidzein(3)和Genistin(4),以及对氨基苯甲酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯丙酸(6)和胞嘧啶(7),其中化合物1和6为该种中首次报道,化合物5为生物转化来源首次报道,化合物2~4可能源自培养基。在100μmol/L剂量浓度下,化合物1~4对AChE的抑制以及DPPH自由基的清除活性均较弱,化合物5和6显示了相对强的AChE抑制活性,抑制率分别为40%和38%。【结论】盐酸普鲁卡因对该菌次级代谢产生了显著的影响,为深入研究该菌株化学诱导次级代谢产物提供基础。     

Effect of cytokinins and auxins on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis

IAA 3-Indolylacetic acid, NAA a-Naphthylacetic acid and cytokinins in PESI culture medium were used in a study on the effects of plant hormones on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis which showed that its growth in medium with cytokinins, IAA and NAA was more rapid than that in medium with non—phytohormones; that the optimal concentrations for promoting growth were 10 μg/L for IAA and ZA (Zeatin), and 0.1 μg/L for BA 6-Benzyl amino purine and KIN 6-Furfurylamino- purine. Mix use of NAA, IAA and cytokinins, NAA/ZA 1–1000/1 μg/L, NAA/BA 10/1-1000 μg/L, NAA/KIN 1/1-1000 μg/L promoted growth. IAA/ZA 0.1-1/0.1-1 μg/L; IAA/BA 0.1-1/0.1-10 μg/L IAA/KIN 1/0.1-1000 μg/L also promoted growth. Contribution No. 2335 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Contribution No. 94 from the Experimental Marine Biology Lab Qingdao, China. The research was supported by a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

2种江蓠藻体切段的再生

初步研究了细基江蓠繁枝变种（Ｇ． ｔｅｎｕｉｓｔｉｐｉｔａｔａ ｖａｒ． ｌｉｕｉ）和细基江蓠（Ｇ． ｔｅｎｕｉｓｔｉｐｉｔａｔａ）切段培养的适宜培养基及其切段的再生特点。在此基础上,还研究了几种植物生长调节剂对江蓠藻体切段再生的影响。研究表明,江蓠藻体在改良ＰＥＳ培养基中生长良好。两种藻体的外皮层细胞均可产生长成新枝的生长点,并且表现出相同的再生极性。无论细基江蓠繁枝变种还是细基江蓠的切段都是在形态学上端切口处产生新枝,下端不再生;带分枝的切段,其分枝断口处亦可再生新枝。适宜的植物生长调节剂可明显促进藻体芽的产生和生长。１ ｍ ｇ／ ＬＢＡ 明显促进细基江蓠繁枝变种切段的再生,２ ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ ＢＡ＋ ０．５ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ 显著促进细基江蓠切段的再生     

Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻生长的影响

【目的】研究Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻生长和多糖代谢的影响。【方法】取蒸馏水培养数日后的波吉卵囊藻液接入以f/2培养液的配方为基础的新鲜培养液中,Mg²⁺浓度梯度分别设置为0、1、2、4、8 mg/L,Mn²⁺浓度梯度分别设置为0、0.005、0.050、0.500、5.000 mg/L,实验周期为10 d。【结果与结论】不同浓度Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻的生长有显著性影响,当Mg²⁺质量浓度为2 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻的相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mg²⁺添加量为0、4和8 mg/L的组(P<0.05),当Mn²⁺质量浓度为0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mn²⁺添加量0、0.050、0.500和5.000 mg/L组(P<0.05)。不同浓度Mg²⁺、Mn²⁺对波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量有显著影响(P<0.05),当Mg²⁺质量浓度>2 mg/L、Mn²⁺质量浓度>0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻生长均受到胁迫,其胞外多糖合成量明显增加,以保护藻体不受危害;当Mg²⁺质量浓度为8 mg/L、Mn²⁺质量浓度为5.000 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量分别为对照组的2.43和3.36倍。     

Tissue culture of three species of Laurencia complex

To establish a micropropagation system of three Laurencia complex species (Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia tristicha, and Chondrophycus undulatus) by tissue culture techniques, we studied the regeneration characteristics and optimal culture conditions of axenic algal fragments cultured on solid medium and in liquid medium. Regeneration structures were observed and counted regularly under a reverse microscope to investigate the regeneration process, polarity and optimal illumination, and temperature and salinity levels. The results show that in most cultures of the three species, we obtained bud regeneration on solidified medium with 0.5% agar and in liquid medium. Rhizoid-like regeneration was filamentous and developed from the lower cut surface of fragments in L. okamurai, but was discoid and developed from the apical back side of bud regeneration in L. tristicha and C. undulatus. Regeneration polarity was localized to the apical part of algal fronds in all three species, and on fragments cut from the basal part of algae buds could develop from both the upper and the lower cut surfaces. Buds could develop from both the medullary and the cortical portions in L. okamurai and C. undulatus, while in L. tristicha, buds only emerged from the cortex. The optimal culture conditions for L. okamurai were 4 500 lx, 20°C and 35 (salinity); for C. undulatus, 4 500 lx, 20°C and 30; and for L. tristicha, 4 500 lx, 25°C and 30.     

Effects of waterborne Fe(II) on juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus: analysis of respiratory rate, hematology and gill histology

The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) is high in some groundwater supplies used in turbot culture,and the toxicity of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) is unknown.We investigated the stress responses of juvenile turbot,Scophthalmus maximus,exposed to Fe(Ⅱ) of different concentrations (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,and 2 mg/L) for 1,7,14,and 28 d,under the same ambient conditions of other parameters.Changes in respiratory rate,hematological parameters,and gill structure were determined.The results show that waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) did not cause severe hematological perturbation to turbot.A low-medium Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (lower than 0.1 mg/L) could boost the respiratory rate,and caused no or very limited damage to fish.A high Fe(Ⅱ) concentration (0.1 mg/L or higher),however,caused gill damage,such as vacuoles in branchial lamellae,epithelial necrosis,and hypertrophy of epithelial cells,and even death after extended exposure time.Therefore,excess waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) and long-term exposure to Fe(Ⅱ) could be responsible for poor growth and high mortality of turbot in culture.The concentration of waterborne Fe(Ⅱ) in turbot culture should be kept below 0.1 mg/L.     

生物采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及培养条件优化

为研究生物酶采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的初、复筛选及培养条件优化,从大庆原油样品中筛选菌种,通过水解酪素的透明圈实验及福林酚测蛋白酶酶活的方法进行菌株的初、复筛选;以蛋白酶酶活为优化指标,采用单因素实验对筛选的产蛋白酶菌株的培养基及培养条件进行优化,优化最适培养基:可溶性淀粉为15g/L,蛋白胨为20g/L,酵母膏为20g/L,NaCl为1.0g/L,CaCl2为0.02g/L,Na2HPO4为0.2g/L,NaH2PO4为0.1g/L;在初始pH为6.0、接种量为5%(体积分数)、温度为31℃、摇床转速为160r/min的条件下,培养72h后,菌株的蛋白酶酶活为551.0U/mL,为复筛选菌株的蛋白酶酶活的22.92倍,即为菌株生长繁殖及代谢的最佳条件,能够获得更高的蛋白酶酶活,有利于后续实验的进行.结果表明:菌株产蛋白酶对原油作用效果为发酵液表面张力从作用前的56.2mN/m降低到作用后的30.5mN/m,表面张力显著降低,还有降解降黏原油等效果,具有一定的研究价值.     

氮、磷、铁、硅对简单双眉藻生长的影响

用单因子对比实验和正交实验的方法研究了氮、磷、铁和硅对简单双眉藻生长的影响。结果表明:简单双眉藻对于硝酸钠和尿素均能很好地利用,其相对生长常数无显著差异,对柠檬酸铁和三氯化铁的利用亦无显著差异,FeC6H5O7-Fe的适宜浓度为0.1～0.5mg/L;Na2SiO3-Si的适宜浓度为0.8～1.6mg/L。正交实验表明,简单双眉藻氮、磷、铁、硅的最佳浓度(mg/L)配比为6.6∶0.66∶0.1∶0.4。     

Promotive effect of se on the growth and antioxidation of a blue-green algaSpirulina maxima

Cultures of a blue-green algaSpirulina maxima (Setch. et Gard.) Geitler with various concentrations of Se in Zarrouk's medium showed that not higher than 40 mg/L Se could promote its growth. The present experiments showed thatS. maxima grown under normal conditions, has an oxidant stress defence system for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) removal, which is the Halliwell-Asada pathway. When 4 to 20 mg/L Se was added to the algal medium, this pathway was replaced by a so-called Sestressed pathway containing GSH peroxidase (GSH-POD). As a result of the occurrence of both higher activity of GSH-POD and lower levels of hydroxyl radical (OH·), the Se-stressed pathway scavenged H₂O₂ so effectively that the growth ofS. maxima was promoted by 4 to 20 mg/L Se. While GSH-POD activity of the alga disappeared at 40 mg/L Se, the recovery of ascorbate peroxidase was observed. The lower levels of ascorbic acid and GSH made the Halliwell-Asada pathway for scavenging H₂O₂ less effective, while the highest activity of catalase might be responsible in part for the H₂O₂ removal, causing the level of OH· inS. maxima grown at 40 mg/L Se to be much higher than the OH· level in this alga grown at 4 to 20 mg/L Se, but lower than that in the control. The OH· level changes caused the growth ofS. maxima cultured at 40 mg/L Se to increase slightly to close to that of the control.     

PROMOTIVE EFFECT OF Se ON THE GROWTH AND ANTIOXIDATION OF A BLUE-GREEN ALGA SPIRULINA MAXIMA

ItwasreportedthatthegrOwthofthedrinediatomffelassforiraPsethenana(Hust.)HasleetHeiIndaldependedonSe(Priceetal.,1987).ThisreqUirementissPecificforSe;nootherelementscansubstituteforit,becauseSecaninduceglutathioneperoxidase(GSH-PoD)activityinthisdiatom(PriceandHarrison,l988),andinlow-CO2-grooCham~nasreinhandiiDangerad(Yokotaetal.,l988).ThisenZyInac-tivitywdetectedinextractsOfablue-greenalgaGleeoCaPasp.LB795(TotaandGallon,l979),andalsoincultUredhigherplancells(Drotaretal.,1985),butw…