岩性识别的多元统计方法

识别地层岩性是在地层对比,沉积相分析等地质研究中的重要任务,在岩心资源较少,测井资料较多的情况下,利用多元统计分析进行地层岩性识别则是一种有效方法,为此,本文在胜利油田永一沙田砾岩体实际资料的基础上,通过取心井岩心和相应测井曲线的对应特征分析,应用判别分析方法,挑选了对岩性识别能力强的测井参数,确定了相应的岩性识别函数,利用该函数可以快速反应不同深度点上的地层岩性,并绘制相应的岩性剖面图等,为进一     

基于主成分分析的致密砂砾岩孔隙度测井评价方法

岩性识别是致密砂砾岩测井评价的重要工作。砂砾岩岩性多样、成分复杂,导致测井识别岩性准确率低、测井解释孔隙度不准确。以东营凹陷北部陡坡带沙四下亚段致密砂砾岩为例,在对其岩石学特征分析的基础上,按照岩石类型和骨架矿物差异给砂砾岩分类,利用铸体薄片资料对测井曲线进行岩性标定,提取各种岩性的测井响应特征,在此基础上建立了基于主成分分析的测井岩性识别方法,并分岩性建立了孔隙度测井评价模型,提高了砂砾岩测井岩性识别和测井孔隙度计算的准确率。     

古潜山火成岩裂缝带划分与孔隙度计算

针对火成岩岩性成分复杂，常规测井难以正确划分岩性，严重阻碍了储层参数的定量计算。本文提出模糊聚类划分岩性，采用综合概率法与混合体积模型计算裂缝孔隙度、有效孔隙度等参数。其测井解释结果与井壁取心和地质描述资料对照，完全吻合。     

青海木里三露天天然气水合物钻孔岩性测井识别

三露天井田具有断层发育、地层缺失和重复明显、岩性种类较多等特点,岩性识别难度较大。为此,专门利用测井资料对三露天井田地层岩性进行了岩性识别研究。通过对14个天然气水合物钻孔不同岩性的测井响应特征分析,优选了自然伽马、中子和密度测井作为岩性识别敏感参数,并采用交会图技术制作了岩性识别图版,建立岩性划分标准,对三露天井田地层岩性进行识别与划分。利用测井资料能够识别7种主要岩性,包括砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥岩、油页岩和煤等。根据岩性测井识别结果,三露天井田岩性分布特征在横向上表现为东部砂岩物性好,西部地区泥岩较为发育;纵向上表现为木里组地层砂泥比为4.48,含有煤层204.5 m;江仓组地层砂泥比为0.84,泥岩和油页岩较为发育,更有利于水合物赋存。测井岩性识别结果为寻找三露天井田天然气水合物有利储层奠定了基础。     

测井曲线剩余变化的分维描述火成岩裂缝发育情况

大庆深层火成岩段岩性复杂，偿仅具有从基性到酸性的各种熔岩，还包括不同喷发期次的凝灰岩。岩性变化是影响各种测井曲线响应特征变化的最主要因素。裂缝的响应往往被岩性的影响所淹灭。为此从测井曲线中提取分维来描述裂缝发育程度，必须考虑岩性的影响。为了消除岩性的影响，对分辨率较高且对裂缝反映灵敏的微球形聚焦测井曲线进行滤波处理，获得原始曲线与滤波曲线间的剩余变化，再从中提取分维，从而突出裂缝的影响。实际处理表明，从剩余曲线中提取的分数维，比从原始测井曲线中提取的分维能更好地指示出复杂火成岩地层裂缝发育情况。     

陕北地区延长组标志层特征及形成机制

运用传统沉积学方法及层序地层学理论,在大量的钻井、野外露头资料基础上,系统分析陕北地区延长组地层划分标志层的岩性、电性特征,表明区域性油页岩标志层形成于延长组5个3级层序的最大湖泛期,具有"凝缩段"的特征,而凝灰岩标志层为火山喷发物质。这些标志层受沉积相横向变化的影响,主要分布在深湖亚相,部分分布在浅湖亚相。在不同沉积相形成的标志层的岩性特征、电性特征及平面分布均有一定的差异。地层划分对比过程中可用标志层控制、邻井对比并参考厚度原则的方法来确保划分的合理性。     

A heuristic search method for optimal zonation of well logs

Optimal zonation of well-log data, that is, determining an optimal number of major segments such as waveforms in a log, may be achieved by employing a criterion of minimum variance (within a segment) and a heuristic search of potential boundary (link) points of digitized log data. This new method is based on an algorithm originally devised by D. M. Hawkins and D. F. Merriam in 1973. Their method can be improved by introducing a heuristic search procedure, thereby decreasing computer time by 7- to 50-fold, depending on the number of data points and configuration of the logs. Time saving is proportional to the size of the data set. Three examples—one hypothetical and two real—are used to illustrate the modification of the Hawkins and Merriam algorithm.Presented at the Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, 1985.     

海拉尔盆地碎屑岩储层束缚水饱和度的确定

核磁测井资料确定束缚水饱和度主要是采用T2固定截止值法.随着对复杂岩性储层的勘探,近年来,在固定T2截止值方法基础上又发展了锥形T2截止值法、薄膜模型以及频谱模型.对于岩性多变、孔隙结构复杂的碎屑岩储层,常规测井方法和以T2截止值为基础的核磁测井方法确定的束缚水饱和度都难以满足测井评价的精度要求,这时需要考虑薄膜模型和频谱模型方法.这两种模型认为各种尺寸的孔隙中均含有束缚水,只是不同尺寸孔隙束缚水含量不一样.在对海拉尔盆地岩性多变、孔隙结构复杂的碎屑岩储层的实践中,对回波串数据作多指数反演拟合时采用了2的幂次方方式布点,相应地得到了核磁测井T2谱,并从中选取了9个孔隙组分,将其与反映粘土含量的中子-密度孔隙度差值结合,采用回归的方法得到了束缚水饱和度的计算公式.回归公式在海拉尔盆地取得了较好的应用效果,尤其是贝尔凹陷,预测效果提高了将近1倍,计算的束缚水饱和度与岩心分析束缚水饱和度相比,平均相对误差从15.1%减小到8.7%.     

油田开发阶段储层参数精细评价

以胜索油田为例,详尽论述了油田开发阶段储层参数精细评价的思路和方向,包括测井资料预处理与标准化、不同开发时期储层四性参数变化分析、测井解释模型建立及参数求取、储层参数模糊评价。开发阶段应通过储层四性分析,利用生产测试资料和神经网络方法建立测井解释模型及处理,能有效提高解释度。精细处理结果及模糊数学方法的应用,准确地定量表征了储层的优劣,在油田剩余油挖潜中产生了较好的应用效果。     

火山岩天然气藏地质储量参数的确定方法

大庆油田东部深层某井区火山岩气藏岩性复杂、储层参数计算以及流体性质识别困难。根据岩性组合规律建立火山岩解释模型,对深层的火山岩测井资料进行处理与解释。联合使用成像测井分析结果、岩性分类和多井对比等方法,提高了测井解释精度和解释符合率。计算的孔隙度、饱和度和渗透率为提交天然气地质储量提供了基础参数。     

利用测井数据进行岩性识别的多元统计方法

在中国大陆科学钻探CCSD-1井110～2 000 m井段实测资料的基础上,通过取芯井岩芯和相应测井曲线对应特征的分析,挑选出对岩性识别能力强的测井参数,应用多组判别分析方法,建立了研究区各类岩性的识别模型.应用该模型可对井剖面地层进行连续自动解释,获得整口井的岩性解释剖面图,为进一步的地质研究提供基础资料.最后将得出的结果与分层资料进行误差分析,以判断资料的可靠性和方法的实用性.     

测井和地震联合解释CCSD先导孔反射体

利用声波、密度、自然伽玛等测井曲线资料、配合录井资料划分CCSD先导孔变质岩岩性, 然后, 用声波、密度计算波阻抗, 与井旁VSP资料对比, 分析CCSD先导孔孔区反射体.分析结果表明(1) 岩性间波阻抗差异产生反射波, 如榴辉岩与副片麻岩之间波阻抗差异; 榴辉岩与超基性蛇纹岩之间的波阻抗差异等; (2) 破碎特别是韧性剪切带产生反射波, 而如果断层破碎带尺度很小(在1m以下), 也不一定能产生强反射波.这些研究结果对标定地壳中的反射地震信号具有重要意义.      

Composite flow laws derived from high temperature experimental data on limestone and marble

An interesting feature of recently published experimental data on high temperature deformation of Solnhofen limestone and Carrara marble is that it is not possible, for either rock, to fit isothermal points on a log strain-rate vs. log stress plot to a single straight line as required for a flow law of the familiar form e = Aexp(- H/RT)σⁿ. Instead for Solnhofen limestone the data can be well fitted to two straight line segments suggesting a change from power law with high stress exponent (at high stress) to power law with low stress exponent at low stress. However, the constant strain-rate data are even better fitted by a single composite flow law formed by addition of the two power laws; a single flow law operates throughout but the strain-rate contributions of the two components change in response to changing stress. Published microstructural evidence supports this composite flow law approach.For Carrara marble constant data provides much poorer control and it is possible to propose several composite flow laws (formed by addition of two or three separate power-law components) all of which provide reasonable correspondence with the data. Stress relaxation data is then used both to test these flow models and to suggest others. Flow models that are broadly compatible with constant and stress relaxation data can then be tested against microstructural measurements.It is suggested that, by treating a set of composite flow laws as alternative hypotheses to be tested against all available data, a more realistic Theological model will result. Composite flow laws have the major advantage of being able to represent a smooth transition from one dominant deformation mechanism to another irrespective of how wide the transition zone may be.     

克拉玛依六区——九区石炭系火山岩油藏岩性识别与岩相划分

根据克拉玛依石炭系火山岩岩屑录井描述、岩心薄片鉴定、常规测井资料,通过分析不同类型的火山岩对测井参数的敏感性和响应特征,用统计学方法研究常规测井参数与不同类型火山岩之间的对应关系,建立了电阻率、自然伽马与岩性关系图版。进一步研究了六区—九区石炭系火山岩的岩性、岩相特征、分布规律及与含油性的关系,为今后此类油藏的岩性识别与岩相研究提供了可借鉴的方法。     

沉积旋回叠置形式的波形分析及旋回层序划分方法

在陆源碎屑岩地层的沉积记录中,测井曲线上一个砂泥岩旋回可以采用正弦波进行描述,测井曲线幅度的高低反映旋回粒度大小的变化,旋回波长则是度量旋回厚度的标尺。本研究表明,测井曲线变化幅度与其平均值之差计算的累积残差曲线,是识别沉积体系、判别旋回层序界面的一个有效图解方法。根据数值模拟实验,证实对于任意一个级次的旋回复合波系,累积残差曲线的正半波和负半波曲线分别对应低频旋回的向上变细和向上变粗的沉积序列,正半波和负半波曲线的转换点位置对应旋回层序界面的深度。同时,引进测井曲线的频谱分析和滤波方法,可以划分沉积旋回的级别,进而研究沉积旋回变化形式的驱动机制。文中以柴达木盆地东部地区仙3井为例,根据测井数据计算的累积残差曲线,说明了划分低频和高频旋回层序的方法和流程,讨论了旋回幅度、波长变化与沉积环境和沉积速率的关系。     

Application of Seagull Optimization Algorithm Log Interpretation to Shale Gas Reservoir of Well H in Sichuan Basin Yuxi Block

Due to the diversity of mineral types in shale gas reservoirs, it is difficult to establish reservoir parameter volume model by conventional log interpretation methods. The optimization log interpretation method can evaluate complex lithology reservoirs effectively, and the key is optimization algorithm. With the newly proposed seagull optimization algorithm method, we calculate the mineral and physical parameters of shale gas reservoir in Well H of Yuxi block, Sichuan Basin, and compare with the genetic algorithm and the genetic algorithm-complex hybrid algorithm. It shows that calculation results of seagull optimization algorithm optimization log interpretation match well with core analysis data, and calculation error is small, calculation speed is fast. Seagull optimization algorithm also makes up for the shortcomings of premature convergence and easy to fall into local optimization of genetic algorithm, the need for secondary optimization and slow search speed of genetic-complex hybrid algorithm. It provides a reference for the application of seagull optimization algorithm in other shale gas reservoirs regions.     

地堑式断陷盆地储层流体综合识别——以伊通盆地岔路河断陷为例

伊通盆地岔路河断陷古近系为地堑式断陷盆地沉积,其储层主要为重力流成因的湖泊水下扇,具有物源近、堆积速率快、岩性复杂多变的特征,加之后期成岩作用的影响,造成这类砂体物性变异系数大,非均质程度高。储层内部含流体时,流体性质难以识别,易造成测井解释上油气水层的误判。为了能够应用常规测井资料评价此类油气储层,提高测井解释的成功率,通过综合分析本区储层岩性、物性和含油气性特征,结合试油结果建立了本区岩性、物性及含油气性解释模型。岔路河断陷测井解释参数交汇图版可以明显区分出气层、油层、气水同层、油水同层、水层和干层等不同的地层油气产状。图版显示:岔路河断陷产油气储层含油饱和度下限为20%,并且产气层比产油层具有更高的深浅双侧向电阻率差值;纯水层虽然具有较好的物性条件,但含油饱和度均小于20%;干层泥质体积分数均大于22%,总孔隙度小于10.5%,物性变差,一般为无效储层。     

Fractal analysis of logs to characterize the hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon zones of Bhogpara oil field,Northeast India

Identification with accuracy of prospective and dry zone from well log data is of prime importance in reservoir or hydrocarbon studies. This issue has greater stake, where in return many conventional methods have been established. The purpose of this study is to recognize the hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon bearing portion within a reservoir by using a non-conventional technique. Application of rescaled range (R/S) analysis and wavelet-based fractal analysis (WBFA) on the wire-line log data to obtain the pre-defined hydrocarbon (HC) and non-hydrocarbon (NHC) zones by their fractal nature is demonstrated in this paper. Among these two techniques, the WBFA tool has provided more prolific results. Applicability of the proposed approach is tested with the help of the most commonly used well log data like self-potential, gamma ray, and porosity log responses. These are used in the industry to distinguish several HC and NHC zones of all wells in the study region belonging to the Upper Assam Basin, India. The results are found to be of lower fractal dimension in this study for a particular log response having HC-bearing zones, which are mainly situated in a variety of sandstone lithology. On the other hand, NHC-bearing zones correspond to lithology with higher shale content categorized with higher fractal dimension. Hence, the WBFA technique can overcome the chance of misinterpretation, which is quite possible in the case of conventional reservoir characterization.     

利用井约束反演技术进行油藏描述研究

论述了一种针对薄互储层条件下的油藏描述方法，以井约束反演技术为基础，利用对岩性变化敏感的测井曲线进行井约束条件下的二维地震资料储层反演处理，大大提高了地震资料的分辨率，为砂泥岩薄互层储层预测奠定了基础。     

层序地层学在隐蔽圈闭预测中的应用--以松辽盆地南部为例

根据松辽盆地南部地区典型的反演地震剖面及典型井的体系域、层序的发育特征,在松辽盆地南部地区共识别出9个层序、12个体系域,并应用层序地层学理论对松辽盆地南部地区青山口组及姚家组隐蔽圈闭进行了预测.研究结果表明:砂岩透镜体岩性圈闭主要分布于青二段及姚二三段高水位体系域;砂岩上倾尖灭岩性圈闭主要分布于姚一段水进及高水位体系域;地层超覆圈闭主要分布于各个水进体系域;断层-岩性圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭可以分布于各个体系域,分别取决于断层和构造发育层位.