论珠穆朗玛峰地区地壳运动

珠穆朗玛峰位于欧亚板块和印度板块边缘的碰撞地带，地壳运动活跃，３０余年来，共进行３５次大规模的大地测量．根据这些大地测量成果对该地区的地壳运动进行了研究和探讨，认为珠峰地区地壳垂直运动在时间上和空间上都可能存在非平稳性，并发现在时间上的非平稳性与地震学家提出的地震活跃幕似有一定相关性；在空间上的非平稳性可能和地壳介质的非均匀性及地应力的非均匀吸收有关；珠峰地区的地壳水平运动以每年６～７ｃｍ速度向北东东方向运动，印度板块和青藏块体在冲撞边缘呈现明显的走滑运动趋势．     

四川盆地及其西部边缘震区居里等温面的研究

利用航磁资料和三维磁性层反演方法，对四川盆地及其西部边缘地区航磁异常进行了数据处理，求取了研究地区内居里等温面的定量埋深．以区域构造特征、地温梯度分布和人工地壳测深结果印证了反演结果的可靠性．通过深部地热场的分析讨论，论述了四川盆地西部边缘地区的地震，是在川青块体和康滇菱形块体与杨子板块碰撞作用下，产生了强烈的应力积累；又由于地幔热流的上涌，中、下地壳发生塑性蠕变，为岩石的裂错和应力的释放提供了调整单元深部环境下的孕育和发生．      

中国东部大陆与东海海域地质构造的相关性分析

分析了中国大陆东部地区和东海海域地球物理场、大地构造、地球动力学特征．根据分析得出;东海海域的重磁场特征与中国大陆重磁场特征密切相关．分布趋势与走向均与大陆边缘重磁场相同,是大陆地球物理场向海域的延伸．东海陆架盆地地区具有大陆地球物理场特征．东海东部边缘、海槽具有大陆边缘地球物理场特征．根据研究区的重磁资料计算了该区莫霍、居里界面深度与分布．地壳结构特征表明：莫霍界面在中国东部的主要走向为NE—NNE向,与东海莫霍界面的走向基本一致,说明是大陆地壳向海域的延伸．在冲绳海槽以东海域,地壳厚度由十几公里迅速减薄到几公里,表明地壳由过渡壳向洋壳的转变．因此;中绳海槽应该是大陆地壳的自然终结．中国大陆东部居里界面的差异,反映了地壳结构的不同。陆区及陆架区的磁场特征主要反映了上地壳的磁性结构,相应的也形成了不同的磁场特征与居里界面特征．地球动力学特征表明：东海海域地球动力学特征与中国东部大陆地球动力学特征关系密切,这一地区是欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块的结合地带．构造活动十分强烈．是研究中国大陆及其邻域构造运动,进行地球动力学特征分析的极为有利、重要的地区．     

南京地区地震构造环境研究

地壳物质组成、特定地壳结构或地震构造是地震孕育的母体,区域动力作用环境(力源)是地震孕育、发生的必要条件。在活动板块边缘(如印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞带、菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞带),地震活动较强,地震密集,在板块内部或不活动板块边     

青藏高原东南缘的地壳各向异性及S波速度结构研究

<正>青藏高原东南缘地区是欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞的强烈变形地带,地质构造复杂,地震活动频繁,是研究青藏高原地壳形变模式和构造演化规律的重要地区。通过青藏高原东南缘地区的壳幔各向异性及深部结构的研究,可以讨论在青藏高原物质东向挤出作用下,青藏高原东南缘的地壳变形模式及其与区域构造应力的关系、块体之间的相互作用、深部的动力学     

青藏高原东边缘冕宁—宜宾剖面电性结构及高导层的地质意义

约50Ma前印度板块与欧亚板块开始碰撞之后,青藏高原发生了令人瞩目的整体隆升,成为晚第三纪以来亚洲乃至全球最为重要的地质事件,并使青藏高原成为大陆岩石圈变形最为强烈的地区之一,是全球学者研究大陆动力学乃至地球动力学的焦点和热点地区。由于印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞以及组成青藏高原各地块向东和东南的挤出运动,位于青藏高原东边缘大凉山地块及其附近地区具有明显的高原和盆地之间的过渡带特征,地壳变形严重,地壳厚度变化剧烈,并且是重力梯度带和航磁异常明显的地区,也是（GPS）资料显示的地壳运动方向由东向东南发生转变的关键地段。本区不仅蕴藏有丰富的金属矿等矿产资源,也是我国强烈地震最为频繁的地区之一。     

西藏高原当雄-亚东地带地壳与上地幔结构和速度分布的爆炸地震研究

本文概述了在西藏高原长达450公里左右的南北向测线上取得九次湖中水下爆炸地震记录的处理结果。通过数字处理、拟合和反演等计算,得出了该地区地壳与上地幔的成层结构和速度分布。 结果表明,该区整个沉积岩层厚约3-5公里,雅鲁藏布江以北到当雄地带,地壳巨厚达70-73公里;江南地区为68-45公里,并逐渐向南翘起。在成层地壳介质中发现下地壳中存在低速层,厚约10公里,速度为5.64公里/秒。分析认为,高原地形与巨厚地壳的形成是印度洋板块与欧亚板块碰撞以及长期挤压和内部物质运移的结果。     

青海门源─福建宁德地学断面综合地球物理研究

概述了青海门源─福建宁德地学断面的综合地球物理研究结果．综合研究以贯穿断面的深地震测深剖面资料为基础．综合地球物理模型表明了各大地构造单元的结构特征及相互关系．断面显示了太平洋板块、印度板块与欧亚板块之间相互作用的结果．断面西段由于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞，急剧的岩石圈缩短使地壳增厚；断面东段则处于西太平洋裂陷引张状态，形成一系列张性断裂和断陷盆地，导致岩石圈变薄，地壳亦随之减薄．本文还讨论了断面中几个重要构造单元的动力学问题．     

川滇块体东缘地壳动力学问题的讨论

从川滇块体东缘的地质构造应力场、地震形变带所反映的构造应力场,震源机制解所确定的应力场、地壳应力解除及地壳应力测量所反映的应力场等方面的资料,对块体东缘地壳动力学问题进行了讨论,结果认为印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞是川滇块体东缘地壳动力的主要力源.     

青海门源─福建宁德地学断面综合地球物理研究

概述了青海门源─福建宁德地学断面的综合地球物理研究结果．综合研究以贯穿断面的深地震测深剖面资料为基础．综合地球物理模型表明了各大地构造单元的结构特征及相互关系．断面显示了太平洋板块、印度板块与欧亚板块之间相互作用的结果．断面西段由于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞，急剧的岩石圈缩短使地壳增厚；断面东段则处于西太平洋裂陷引张状态，形成一系列张性断裂和断陷盆地，导致岩石圈变薄，地壳亦随之减薄．本文还讨论了断面中几个重要构造单元的动力学问题．     

青藏高原中东部地壳运动的GPS测量分析

根据1993年和1995年对青藏高原地壳运动进行的两期 GPS 监测的实测结果,分析了青藏高原现今地壳水平运动情况,并将其与不同地质运动模型结果进行了比较。结果表明,青藏高原现今地壳水平运动速率和方向与地质结果符合很好。目前,青藏高原大约以38.6mm/a 的速度向北东方向运动。     

大地震的发生条件

大地震(特别是8级以上的大地震)的发生必须满足2个基本条件:一个是震源附近要有超过岩石弹性极限的高应力背景;另一个是该处的岩石具有发生地震的能力,即在大地震孕育所需的时间尺度(几千年以上)内岩石能长期保持弹性。为考察第1个条件,分析了中国周边三大板块的作用力。认为太平洋板块在海沟附近的俯冲方式所产生的水平力分量较小,而且海沟离中国大陆较远,因此它对中国的地震影响不大;菲律宾海板块对台湾的碰撞使台湾及福建沿海地区为高应力区,但由于碰撞边界的长度只有200km左右,其影响范围不大;印度板块向北推挤是产生中国西部及华北高应力区的最主要原因,文中较详细分析了它的作用,并据此尝试性划分了3个对中国具有强烈影响的地震带。根据岩石的流变性质和地质形成时代把地质体分成了刚性、次刚性和较柔性3类。初步计算了刚性地块的弹性持续时间至少在1Ma以上,而柔性地块的弹性持续时间最多为1ka。因此,8级大地震的位置与刚性地块密切相关     

Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: A synthesis

Abstract The Philippines preserves evidence of the superimposition of tectonic processes in ancient and present‐day collision and subduction zone complexes. The Baguio District in northern Luzon, the Palawan–Central Philippine region and the Mati–Pujada area in southeastern Mindanao resulted from events related to subduction polarity reversal leading to trench initiation, continent‐arc collision and autochthonous oceanic lithosphere emplacement, respectively. Geological data on the Baguio District in Northern Luzon reveal an Early Miocene trench initiation for the east‐dipping Manila Trench. This followed the Late Oligocene cessation of subduction along the west‐dipping proto‐East Luzon Trough. The Manila Trench initiation, which is modeled as a consequence of the counter‐clockwise rotation of Luzon, is attributed to the collision of the Palawan microcontinental block with the Philippine Mobile Belt. In the course of rotation, Luzon onramped the South China Sea crust, effectively converting the shear zone that bounded them into a subduction zone. Several collision‐related accretionary complexes (e.g. Romblon, Mindoro) are present in the Palawan–Central Philippine region. The easternmost collision zone boundary is located east of the Romblon group of islands. The Early Miocene southwestward shift of the collision boundary from Romblon to Mindoro started to end by the Pliocene. Continuous interaction between the Palawan microcontinental block and the Philippine Mobile Belt is presently taken up again along the collisional boundary east of the Romblon group of islands. The Mati–Pujada Peninsula area, on the other hand, is underlain by the Upper Cretaceous Pujada Ophiolite. This supra‐subduction zone ophiolite is capped by chert and pelagic limestones which suggests its derivation from a relatively deep marginal basin. The Pujada Ophiolite could be a part of a proto‐Molucca Sea plate. The re‐interpretation of the geology and tectonic settings of the three areas reaffirm the complex geodynamic evolution of the Philippine archipelago and addresses some of its perceived geological enigmas.     

中国台湾以东地区地震矩张量研究及其构造意义

本文利用长周期Ｐ波波形反演方法，推断了１９８６年１０月至１９９１年期间发生在中国台湾岛东部及其附近海域中８次中强地震的矩张量．矩张量解揭示了发生在这一区域边界处的地震震源性质的规律性变化：沿西部边界的主旋错动，沿北部边界的右旋错动，西北角花莲地区的逆冲断错及显著的体积收缩分量．这一结果表明，台湾地区是菲律宾海板块与欧洲大陆板块边界中的一特殊地段，海洋板块的俯冲在这里受阻．随着菲律宾海板块向西北方向的相对运动，在花莲地区发生了强烈碰撞．     

西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带地电结构及对深部缝合边界的讨论

西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞导致古亚洲洋闭合,形成了幅员辽阔的中亚造山带,该带内记录了丰富的板块碰撞信息,揭示深部缝合边界对于研究洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的深部动力学过程具有重要的科学意义.本文对查干敖包—化德410km大地电磁测深(MT)剖面数据进行反演,获得二维电性结构,为研究西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带深部构造形迹、碰撞边界问题提供地电结构的依据.结合人工反射地震及地质资料获得以下认识:(1)西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带地壳存在多组"U"型低阻异常,多对应弧型、倾斜或"鳄鱼嘴"状反射界面.莫霍面存在两处错断现象,并与深部电性梯度带对应.岩石圈地幔除白乃庙岛弧呈低阻块体外,均为高阻块体,这些电性结构特征反映了南北汇聚所形成的构造形迹.(2)碰撞带可分为二连—贺根山和索伦—西拉木伦河两个不同时期的汇聚体系,晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期形成的二连—贺根山汇聚体系由二连—贺根山增生杂岩带、宝力岛弧地体及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于二连浩特.而晚二叠—早三叠的索伦—西拉木伦河汇聚体系由二道井子增生杂岩带和温都尔庙增生杂岩带及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于苏尼特右旗.(3)在锡林浩特地区软流圈内部存在高阻异常,可能为俯冲消失的洋壳或碰撞造山后拆离的岩石圈残片.     

On crustal movement in Mt. Qomolangma area

Mt. Qomolangma lies in the collision zone between the fringe of Eurasia plate and Indian plate. The crustal movement there is still very active so far. In the past three decades China carried out five geodetic campaigns in Mt. Qomolangma and its north vicinal area, independently or cooperatively with other countries, including triangulation, leveling, GPS positioning, atmospheric, astronomical and gravity measurements. On the basis of the observation results achieved in the campaigns the crustal movements in the area were studied and explored. A non-stationary phenomenon both in time and space of the crustal vertical movement in the area is found. There seems to be some relevance between the phenomenon of non-stationary in time and seismic episode in China. The phenomenon of non-stationary in space is possibly relevant to the no-homo- geneity of crustal medium and non-uniform absorption of terrestrial stress. The horizontal crustal movement in the area is in the direction of NEE at a speed of 6–7 cm per year, and the trend of strike slip movement is manifested evidently in the collision fringe of Indian plate and Qinghai-Xizang block.     

Crustal movement along a collision boundary of plates (case of eastern Taiwan)

Recent crustal movements in eastern Taiwan were investigated based on geodetic and seismological data as a case study of the tectonics along a colliding plate boundary. Secular horizontal strain along the Longitudinal Valley, a probable arc-continent collision boundary between the Philippine Sea and Eurasion plates, is compressive with a large rate of 2 microstrains/year, and the maximum compression axis trends in NW-SE direction. This means that nearly two-thirds of the convergence rate between the two plates is consumed in the narrow zone along the valley and confirms the view that the valley is the plate boundary between the two. The amount of uplift in the Central Range, deduced from trigonometric leveling, reaches more than one meter during the past 60 years. Such active orogeny is caused by the high strain rate in this area. Horizontal displacement of the Coastal Range, a leading edge of the Philippine Sea plate, has a left-lateral component, suggesting that the boundary is a region of oblique collision and the range moves toward the north, producing subduction of the Philippine Sea plate off the Coast of northeastern Taiwan.An extensional strain pattern is found northeastern Taiwan near Hualien, in northern Taiwan near Ilan, and in southeastern Taiwan south Taitung. In northeastern Taiwan, the direction of the maximum extension axis is nearly parallel to the isodipth contours of deep-focus earthquakes that occurred under the southern part of the Ryukyu Trench. From a model calculation using a finite-element method, this pattern of strain is interpreted as an edge effect of the collision-subduction junction in northeastern Taiwan. The direction of the maximum extension in northern Taiwan forms high angles with the direction of the tectonic line near Ilan stretching from the Okinawa Trough. This fact is harmonious with the view that the Okinawa Trough is spreading. Extensional strain observed in southeastern Taiwan may be related to the eastward subduction since the area is situated on a transition zone, from collision to subduction.     

Genetic algorithm-finite element method inversion of the factors determining the recent tectonic stress field of part of East Asia area

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Morphology and magnetic survey of the Rivera-Cocos plate boundary of Colima,Mexico

The propagation of the Pacific-Cocos Segment of the East Pacific Rise (EPR-PCS) has significantly altered the plate configuration at the north end of the Middle America Trench. This ridge propagation, the collision of the EPR-PCS with the Middle America Trench, the separation of the Rivera and Cocos plates and the formation of the Rivera Transform have produced a complex arrangement of morphotectonic elements in the area of Rivera-Cocos plate boundary, atypical of an oceanic transform boundary. Existing marine magnetic and bathymetric data has proved inadequate to unravel this complexity, thus, a dense grid of total field magnetic data were collected during campaigns MARTIC-04 and MARTIC-05 of the B/O EL PUMA in 2004 and 2006. These data have greatly clarified the magnetic lineation pattern adjacent to the Middle America trench, and have revealed an interesting en echelon, NE-SW oriented magnetic high offshore of the Manzanillo Graben. We interpret these new data to indicate that the EPR-PCS ridge segment reached the latitude (~18.3°N) of the present day Rivera Transform at about Chron 2A₃ (~3.5Ma) and propagated further northward, intersecting the Middle America Trench at about 1.7 Ma (Chron 2). At 1.5 Ma spreading ceased along the EPR north of 18.3°N and the EPR-PCS has since retreated southward in association with a southward propagation of the Moctezuma Spreading Segment. North of 18.3°N the seafloor near the trench has been broken into small, uplifted blocks, perhaps due to the subduction of the young lithosphere generated by the EPR-PCS.     

中国大陆现今地壳水平运动

在重新仔细处理了1994和1996年中国大陆地壳运动监测网两次GPS测量资料的基础上,采用较为完善的块体相对运动和块体内变形叠加的变形模型和相应的分析方法,研究了中国大陆现今地壳运动的运动学特征,并定量计算和比较了主要活动构造块体边界带的活动性质和强度,得到了一些新的认识．