济南坳陷第三系火成岩岩相,储集特征及成因

该文通过岩心观察和室内分析化验资料的归纳,总结了近年来济阳坳陷第三系火成岩勘探成果,认为罗１５１块、商７４１块沙三段火成岩为辉绿岩床,可划分３个亚相：中心亚相、过渡亚相和边缘亚相。并将接触变质带划分为石榴石硅灰石角岩相、石榴石红柱石角岩相和堇青石角岩相。滨６７４井沙四段喷出岩分为水上和水下溢流亚相交替的玄武岩。南７４－６井和商７４－１２井沙一段为火山碎屑岩。文章系统分析了这些火成岩的岩性、储集特征     

黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷新生界火山岩孔隙类型、孔隙结构特征及分类评价

综合利用大量的岩心观察、岩石薄片、铸体薄片和压汞实验等资料,对渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷新生界火山岩孔隙类型和孔隙结构进行了研究,并对孔隙结构进行了分类评价。研究结果表明,歧口凹陷新生界火山岩孔隙类型主要有原生孔隙与次生孔隙两大类,原生孔隙主要包括气孔与残余气孔、火山角砾间孔和原生缝隙,次生孔隙主要包括溶蚀孔（洞、缝）、构造裂缝和风化裂缝。储层孔隙结构分为5种类型:Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型为较好储层,岩性主要为辉绿岩,其次为凝灰岩;Ⅲ型为中等储层,岩性主要为辉绿岩,其次为玄武岩;Ⅳ型为较差储层,岩性主要为玄武岩;Ⅴ型为非储层,岩性主要为凝灰岩。Ⅲ型所占比例最高,达52%,其次是Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型所占比例较小。     

中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩油气藏储层特征比较及其差异分析

在中国古亚洲域沉积盆地火山岩储层母岩年代和岩性、储集空间类型以及火山岩岩相综合分析的基础上,探讨了火山岩油气藏的储层特征及其差异性。研究表明,中国古亚洲域火山岩储层的母岩发育年代西早东晚,西部的准噶尔、三塘湖和吐哈盆地发育晚古生代海相、海陆交互相的中基性安山岩、玄武岩及火山碎屑岩;东部的松辽、二连和海拉尔盆地发育中生代陆相中酸性流纹岩、安山岩。火山岩原生储集空间包括气孔、孔洞以及冷凝收缩裂缝等;次生储集空间包括各种溶蚀孔及构造裂缝、风化裂缝等。火山岩岩相可分喷出相、火山通道相、次火山相和火山沉积相。其中中基性岩类多以溢流相开始,相序类型为溢流相、爆发相/火山沉积相;中酸性岩类多以爆发相或火山通道相发端,主要相序为爆发相、溢流相/侵出相。溢流相一般发育原生气孔、构造缝;爆发相多为粒间孔,而侵出相以角砾间孔和原生裂缝为主。火山岩储层的差异受多因素影响,包括岩性岩相、喷发环境以及后期构造、成岩作用等。前者奠定火山岩储层形成与分布的基础和储集空间的发育程度;后者则改造储层的储渗性能。     

黄骅坳陷新生界火成岩岩相与储集性能分析

通过取芯段火成岩岩芯观察、测井以及地震相分析,将黄骅坳陷新生界火山岩划分为爆发相、溢流相、火山通道相和火山沉积相4种,并根据储集空间特征进一步划分为10种亚相,将侵入岩划分为3个相带。在此基础上建立黄骅坳陷火成岩岩相模式,并分析不同岩相火成岩的储集性能。研究认为：研究区溢流相上下区亚相和爆发相储集物性优越,构造裂缝和原生气孔发育,气孔、溶蚀孔缝、构造缝为主要储集空间;侵入相和次火山岩相火成岩由于热液作用造成围岩发生变质,原岩结构构造发生变化,使原来孔渗条件极差的泥岩变质为具有一定储集性能的储集岩;主要储集空间为收缩裂隙和构造裂隙。     

辽河东部凹陷火成岩岩性识别及储层评价

针对辽河东部凹陷火成岩储层评价,采用钻井、分析化验、测井等资料,将火成岩的岩性主要分为粗面岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩三大类。结合三大类火成岩的物性、含油性和岩石脆性的分布规律,确定粗面质角砾岩、角砾化粗面岩为Ⅰ类优势储层,玄武质角砾岩、块状粗面岩、火山沉积岩为Ⅱ类优势储层,气孔玄武岩、辉绿岩、致密玄武岩为Ⅲ类储层。确定了东部凹陷红星地区火成岩的有利勘探区带,为下一步油气资源勘探指明方向。     

黄骅坳陷枣园地区火成岩储层裂缝特征研究

本文应用岩心、薄片、测井等资料,以火成岩岩相研究为基础,重点研究了火成岩储层裂缝特征,认为研究区内裂缝以成岩缝和构造缝为主,大多为小裂缝,呈网状分布,形成了有利的储渗空间体系。裂缝的发育方向总体上以北东向为主,北西向为辅。研究区以气孔玄武岩、火山角砾岩和凝灰岩中裂缝最为发育,是较有利储层。     

川西Ys1井峨眉山玄武岩岩相旋回及储层特征

综合Ys1井的钻井、录井、测井、岩心岩屑鉴定、储层分析等资料,分析探讨了该井峨眉山玄武岩岩石学特征及储层特征。研究表明:Ys1井中揭示的峨眉山玄武岩类型以火山熔岩为主、火山碎屑熔岩和火山碎屑岩次之,少量的玄武玢岩,玄武岩厚258 m;岩性组合表明火山岩相主要发育溢流相,也见喷溢相、爆发相及次火山岩相,纵向上构成14个岩相,归并为3个喷发旋回;火山岩储层具中高孔低渗性,储集空间按成因分为火山岩原生孔缝(气孔、残余气孔、原生收缩缝隙)和次生孔缝(晶内溶蚀孔、基质溶蚀孔、次生矿物溶孔、微溶孔、杏仁体溶孔、构造裂隙、残余构造裂隙、风化淋滤孔缝)两类;该套储层经历了火山冷凝作用、火山热液作用、表生作用、埋藏作用等多个成岩阶段,总体上表现为各个成岩阶段流体的进入使原生孔—洞—缝充填储集空间减少;由此认为火山岩储层主控因素为岩性、岩相、次生溶蚀-充填作用。Ys1井位于四川盆地西部地腹,油气显示良好,初步展现了四川盆地西部峨眉山玄武岩储层勘探新领域,拓展了峨眉山玄武岩在四川盆地西部地腹分布范围。     

准噶尔盆地滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集空间特征及其分布

      采用岩芯观察、薄片鉴定、成像测井及地震资料分析等手段,对滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集空间类型、形成因素及 展布特征进行了研究。结果表明,滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集层岩类主要为玄武岩、正长斑岩、火山角砾岩及熔结凝灰岩。 储集空间可划分为原生孔隙、次生孔隙、原生裂缝及次生裂缝四种类型。其中,原生孔隙主要为气孔和粒间孔,原生裂缝 发育收缩缝和炸裂缝;次生孔隙以晶内溶孔、基质溶孔占绝对优势,次生裂缝以构造缝为主。研究区控制储集空间形成的 因素主要为火山岩岩性岩相、风化淋滤作用、构造作用及溶蚀作用,原生储集空间类型及发育位置受岩性岩相控制,而后 三种作用是该区形成次生储集空间的主要原因,且从西北至东南方向,其控制因素依次由岩性岩相过渡为风化淋滤作用, 直至构造和溶蚀作用 。据此,滴西17,14 井区的玄武岩原生气孔、火山角砾岩内粒间孔受岩性岩相控制均呈东北向长条状 展布;滴西10 井区熔结凝灰岩和火山角砾岩中的次生溶孔围绕断裂展布;滴西18 井区的斑晶、基质溶孔受岩体及断裂共同 制约。     

渤海湾盆地潍北凹陷孔三段中基性火山岩储层特征及控制因素

在综合火山岩岩心观察、薄片鉴定、测井资料、地震资料分析的基础上,从火山岩岩性、岩相特征、孔隙类型、储层物性等方面研究了潍北凹陷孔三段火山岩储层特征,分析了火山岩储层储集空间类型、物性特征和储层物性的主要影响因素。研究结果表明：区内火山岩为中基性火山岩,以玄武岩为主,偶见少量火山碎屑岩,主要为火山角砾岩;岩相类型主要包括溢流相、火山通道相和火山沉积相等类型,以喷溢相最为发育;火山岩的分布受深大断裂和古地形共同控制,具垂向多期叠置、平面分布广泛的特点。储集空间类型分为孔隙和裂缝,以原生气孔、杏仁体内孔、构造裂缝和风化溶蚀缝等为主。储层物性受火山岩的岩相、构造活动、风化淋滤作用和矿物充填作用的影响。火山溢流相上部亚相原生孔隙最发育,但多彼此孤立存在,在多期构造运动和风化淋滤等作用下火山岩储集性能够得到极大改善,裂缝、孔隙叠合发育的火山岩是有效火山岩储层。     

松辽盆地北部升平气田营城组火山岩储层特征与成岩演化

对升平气田白垩系营城组火山岩岩石学与物性特征、储集空间类型及其形成和演化等研究结果表明,火山岩岩石类型主要有火山碎屑岩、火山熔岩和沉火山岩,以流纹岩为主,少量英安岩、安山岩。火山岩气藏储集空间以次生溶孔(洞)为主,其次为原生孔隙和裂缝。火山岩的演化过程可划分为前期和后期两个阶段。前期阶段以火山自身活动为主,主要形成气孔和火山角砾间孔为主的原生孔隙;后期阶段包括火山熔岩的冷凝作用与火山岩的后生成岩作用,是火山岩储集空间形成的主要时期。研究区风化剥蚀面、断层与裂缝是天然气成藏的主要运移通道,也是有利的储集空间。     

Geochemical fractionation of manganese in the Riogrande II reservoir, Antioquia, Colombia

The Riogrande II reservoir in Colombia has a total storage capacity of 240 million m³ and lies 2,270 m above sea level. The reservoir is used for power generation, water supply and environmental improvement. Dissolved manganese (Mn) is removed from reservoir water dedicated to domestic use by purification processes. Removal of Mn, however, poses a major challenge to purification processes and warrants the study of ways to naturally reduce dissolved Mn levels in the reservoir. The source of Mn within the reservoir is not well understood, however, presumably arises from sediment mobilization initiated by variation in pH, redox potential (ORP or Eh), dissolved oxygen (O₂) and ionic strength conditions. This study investigated conditions within the reservoir to further understand Mn transfer from the sediment into the water column. O₂, pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP or Eh), organic matter content and electric conductivity were measured in water samples and sediment from the reservoir. Sequential extraction (SE) procedures were used to test the specific effects exerted by each of these conditions on Mn mobilization from the sediments. The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure was used to quantify metals in sediment (referred to as the BCR extraction below). Statistical analysis of geochemical data from water samples (both water column and sediment pore water) and sediments demonstrated the conditions under which Mn can be released from sediments into the water column. The results indicated a primarily oxic water column and anoxic reducing conditions in the sediment (ORP or Eh ≤ ?80 mV). The pH of water in contact with bottom sediments varied from 7.6 to 6.8. The pH of sedimentary pore water varied from 6.8 to 4.7. The sediments contained significant amounts of organic matter (20 %). Chemical extractions showed that the exchangeable fraction contained over 50 % of the total Mn within sediments. Microscopic analysis using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) indicated that Mn does not occur within well-crystallized mineral phases in the Riogrande II sediments. A large proportion of Mn exists instead as material adsorbed onto the surfaces of recently deposited sediment particles. Bacterial oxidation of organic matter may cause the observed anoxic conditions at the bottom of the reservoir. Mineralization of organic matter therefore contributes to reducing conditions within the sediments. Mobilization of Mn from the sediment into the water column may result from reductive dissolution of this fraction. Manganese release by this mechanism diminishes the water quality of the Riogrande II reservoir and warrants further study.     

甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组 低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素.结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向.     

Mechanism of reservoir-induced seismicity in the Xinfengjiang reservoir area,Guangdong, China

Natural Hazards - Continuous reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) has been observed in the Xinfengjiang reservoir (XFJR), Guangdong province, southeast China. However, due to the lack of systematic...     

塔里木盆地富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区走滑断裂控储模式

塔里木盆地台盆区深层海相油气勘探目标由层间岩溶向断控岩溶转变,并在处于坳陷区的富满地区发现了以走滑断裂为主控因素的断控型油田。富满地区储层特征与盆地内古隆起区、斜坡区均有不同,因此需要建立适合研究区的走滑断裂控储模式。本次研究通过高密度三维地震资料刻画了研究区走滑断裂的分布,利用岩心、测井、试井资料以及缝洞体识别技术明确了不同类型的储层分布,分析了研究区走滑断裂样式与差异变形对储层发育的影响,建立了走滑断裂控储模式。研究结果表明:(1)富满大型碳酸盐岩油气聚集区储集空间主要由多期走滑构造破裂作用与岩溶作用形成的洞穴型、裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型与孔洞型空间组成;(2)走滑断裂活动性越强,断裂带宽度越大,储层发育规模越大,张扭段与压扭段断层破碎带型储层较平移段平面分布范围更广,纵向发育深度更大;(3)张扭段为汇水区,断裂联通性好,有利于大气流体下渗以及热流体上涌从而对储层进行溶蚀改造;压扭段为分流区,岩溶储层多发育于断裂带两侧,断裂开启程度低,受流体改造程度低于张扭段。     

Geostatistical approach for the assessment of the water reservoir capacity in arid regions: a case study of the Akdarya reservoir,Uzbekistan

The paper presents the results of a new geostatistical approach to generate bathymetric surface models from point measurement converted into continuous contour surfaces of reservoir bottoms in Uzbekistan. Sedimentation of reservoirs raises engineering, environmental and economical issues for the communities around the world in areas affected by a strong water deficit. Because of Uzbekistan’s arid climatic conditions, and uneven spatial and temporal water resources distribution, responsive and innovative water availability assessment surveys of all major water reservoirs are required. Bathymetric surveying is a traditional method that is carried out for the estimation of reservoir volumes and surface areas of the corresponding reservoir stages in order to assess the water availability. Volume and surface area differences derived from multiple surveys of a reservoir provide storage loss estimates over time due to sedimentation. However, two main factors, such as intensive field data measurement and post data-processing, often limit the frequency of these surveys. Alternatively, innovative depth measurement technologies coupled with contouring and surface mapping programs provide automated reservoir volume and surface area calculations. This significantly reduces time, workload and financial burdens for reservoir sedimentation projects. This research proposes the use of geostatistical approach to assess the reservoir sedimentation in the Akdarya reservoir of Uzbekistan. The geostatistical approach includes (semi-) variogram analysis and interpolation (kriging and simulations—turning bands) techniques predicting values at unsampled locations for generating digital bathymetric surface models of reservoir bottom conditions in order to calculate the volume and surface area at a given water elevation. The simulation enables to have range of reservoir volumes and surface areas with the same probability, in comparison to the kriging and traditional methods. This gives a real estimation of the resource availability for water operators to manage natural resources and hydraulic infrastructure in a sustainable manner.     

吉林新立油田下白垩统泉头组成岩储集相及储集空间演化

吉林新立油田位于吉林省松原市郭县以北新庙乡境内。综合应用25口取心井薄片、镜质体反射率、铸体、电镜、X衍射等岩心分析资料，研究了泉头组的成岩作用、成岩演化序列、成岩阶段划分及储集空间类型。根据成岩作用及特有的储集空间组合，划分了4种成岩储集相类型，即A相(不稳定组分强溶解次生孔隙成岩储集相)、B相(中等压实弱-中胶结混合孔隙成岩储集相)、C相(强压实中等胶结残余粒间孔成岩储集相)、D相(碳酸盐强胶结微孔隙成岩储集相)；并阐述了各类成岩储集相的特征，其中A相储集物性最好，B相次之，C相较差，D相最差。最后探讨了泉头组储集空间演化，在中成岩阶段A期形成了大量次生溶蚀孔隙，为首次在该区泉头组特低渗储层中预测相对有利的成岩储集相带提供了研究思路和科学依据，也为改善特低渗油田的开发效果奠定了坚实的地质基础。     

甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素。结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向。     

Continued seismic activity at the Koyna reservoir site, India

Following the impounding of the Shivaji Sager Lake in 1962, tremors became prevalent in the Koyna region, considered previously to be aseismic. During ensuing years the tremor frequency appears to have been dependent on the rate of increase of water level, maximum water level reached, and the period for which high levels were retained. This culminated in a burst of seismic activity from September 1967 to January 1968 following the record water levels in the reservoir and included the earthquake of September 13, 1967 with magnitude 5.5 and the damaging December 10, 1967 earthquake of magnitude 6.0. During the next five years water levels were kept low and no significant earthquakes occurred subsequent to the October 29, 1968 earthquake of magnitude 5.

The reservoir was filled to maximum capacity during September 1973 and this was followed by a conspicuous increase in seismic activity which included an earthquake of magnitude 5.1 on October 17, 1973. However, seismic activity during 1973 was much less severe than that of 1967. This relative decrease in seismicity may indicate that (a) the “threshhold level” for relatively large magnitude earthquakes had increased; (b) a major portion of the accumulated strains had been released; and/or (c) the importance of the longer period of high loading in 1967. Similar observations have been made at other seismically active reservoir sites.     

Paleo-environment and reservoir evolution of the Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation in the northern Tianhuan area,Ordos Basin,China: implications for high-quality reservoir development

The Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tianhuan area, Ordos Basin, China are main exploration targets. Subsurface core samples, logging, drilling and production data from the area were used to characterise the carbonate reservoir and to construct a genetic model for exploration. The sedimentary facies identified include trough–continental rise, upper–lower slope, platform margin reef-shoal, open platform and evaporation-restricted platform. The slope and platform margin facies are potential zones for high-quality reservoirs. Porosity in the study area comprises intergrain, intercrystal, intragrain and intracrystal pores, fractures and vughs. The Sr/Ba (0.40–4.87) and V/(V + Ni) (0.64–0.97) ratios indicate deposition in a brackish water-dominated environment under reducing conditions, associated with sea-level fluctuations during the deposition of the Kelimoli Formation. The Sr/Ba, V/(V + Ni), ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, δ¹⁸O values and crystal texture of dolomite samples suggest that meteoric water was involved in the diagenetic fluid in the near-surface depositional environment. Isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) and trace elements (Fe and Mn) allowed the identification of seepage-reflux and mixed-water dolomitisation. The crystal textures of the samples consist of micritic, bioclastic and reefal limestones, and dolomite with gypsum, which were easily dissolved during the early diagenetic stage. The epidiagenetic stage was the key period for the development of high-quality reservoirs because of large-scale bedding-parallel karstification from meteoric water. The reservoir zones, dominated by partially filled and unfilled vughs, and fractures, are favourable exploration targets in the northern Tianhuan area.