921O工程建设中的卫星混合站的安装与测试

1引言9210工程（即气象卫星综合应用业务系统工程）是中国气象局新一代气象信息网络系统的基干网。它是一个覆盖全国地（市）级以上气象部门，以卫星通信为主、地面通信为辅的信息网络系统。卫星通信网络系统采用美国休斯网络系统公司的VSAT产品。它具有系统设计先进、技术成熟、功能完备，组网灵活，安装、使用、维护方便，具有较高的性能价格比等优点，得到广范的应用。中国气象局VSAT卫星通信网络系统，通过通信卫星把遍布全国的地（市）级以上气象部门的计算机系统连接成一个大型网络互连系统，进行数据高速交换，并可进行话音通信…     

事业发展与信息研究室网站信息分析

中国气象局培训中心事业发展与信息研究室（以下简称信息室）的职责是为中国气象局党组及有关职能机构提出包括科技政策、专项计划、国家重大工程建设项目等方面的决策咨询服务；为行业相关部门提供相关的科技咨询与信息服务；收集国内外气象及其相关领域有关信息以及社会、经济、政治、科技等方面信息，并进行分析和研究，提供重要决策建议：负责气象软科学委员会日常事务工作，开展气象软科学及相关科学项目的研究；组织编辑出版《气象软科学》；负责气象行业标准化研究工作，具体负责气象行业标准、技术规范的研究、标准编制、审查、咨询以及档案管理等任务。为充分利用现代化的信息网络技术，进一步发挥信息室的作用，使之真正成为广大气象工作者研究、交流和探讨气象事业发展理论和实践的平台，事业发展与信息研究室网站（http：//edu．cma．gov．cn／info_unit／）在中国气象局培训中心远程教育部的支持和帮助下，于2005年5月正式开通。该网站在第一时间提供信息室主持编辑的出版物《气象软科学》和《咨询报告》电子版，还结合信息室职能开辟了“研究动态”、“事业发展、”“海外气象”、“信息研究”、“专题特写”、“讲座”、“气象标准化”和“资料库”等栏目（表1），     

基于综合监控和负载调控的中国天气网网站弹性架构

中国天气网是中国气象局面向公众提供气象信息服务的核心门户。为适应其日益增长的访问量,并保障网站可用性及访问体验等要求,网站已建立包含可用性、用户体验、网站访问、网络、安全、系统和应用等多方面的综合监控系统。实现了可根据体验、可用性、成本、安全等多方面因素,可面向多种具体业务场景的灵活多样的负载调控手段。基于监控和调控,构建了经内容本地加速的多源站弹性架构。在访问体验、可用性、带宽容量、安全、成本、业务特性需求等多方面提升了网站能力。     

基于微服务的气象信息决策支撑系统重构与实践

气象信息决策支撑系统在气象防灾减灾过程中具有重要作用，但是单体架构的气象信息决策支撑系统无法满足科学决策和智能减灾的需求，在扩展性和复用性等方面存在不足。基于Spring Cloud的微服务架构具有低耦合、易扩展的特点，已经在各大中型企业得到广泛的应用。本文通过对微服务架构中关键技术进行研究，提出了3种气象信息决策支撑系统架构的重构策略。针对气象信息决策支撑系统局限性，结合微服务架构特点，设计基于微服务的气象信息决策支撑系统架构，分为核心层、业务逻辑层和表现层，重点对业务逻辑层进行了重构和实现，并把重构后的业务功能应用到了气象防灾减灾监控管理平台，提高了系统的可扩展性和可复用性。     

NOVELL网与卫星数据网的互连及应用

1前言“气象卫星综合应用业务系统”（即9210工程）建设的目的是为了在全国地（市）以上气象部门建成一个以VSAT卫星通信为主。地面通信为辅的计算机局域网互连成的广域网系统和话音系统，实现气象信息高速、网络化传输。现在，9210工程建设已取得较大进展，为了在还未正式投入业务使用前的过渡阶段，充分发挥9210工程已安装设备的使用效益，体现边建设边发挥效益的精神，从97年6月起，中国气象局通过9210工程卫星通信系统陆续向全国气象台站播发国家气象中心和国家卫星气象中心制作的有关气象信息产品。我省卫星通信网的省级气象信息控制…     

基于等级保护的气象信息系统安全防护策略分析

随着信息网络技术在气象行业中的应用越来越广泛,气象现代化的建设步伐明显加快,气象信息系统也有了更大的发展,与此同时需要面临的信息安全问题也逐渐增多,建立一套完善可行的安全防护措施,降低气象信息系统安全风险显得越发重要。以秦皇岛市气象局气象信息系统为例,依据《信息系统安全等级保护基本要求》的第二级基本要求,分析系统的特点及安全防护难点,结合现有技术,提出相应的安全防护策略,为第二级信息系统的相关安全防护提供参考。     

基于消息中间件技术的分布式气象数据同步系统设计和实现

本文针对新的资料传输流程建立后江苏省气象数据实时共享需求,基于消息中间件技术,设计并实现了一种省市气象数据同步系统。提出数据同步系统的总体架构和实现方案,基于业务需求设计了数据库表和消息模型,开发了数据同步状态信息查询Web页面。目前系统已在全省多个地市部署应用,为省市县3级气象业务提供稳定、及时有效的数据支撑,取得较好的应用效果。     

海曙区气象局信息化基础设施构建

参照中国气象局《气象信息化基础设施资源池建设指南》,按照信息安全等级保护第二级信息系统标准设计高速稳定的通信网络系统;采用分布式控制模式设计视频会议系统,满足区县天气会商和电子政务视联网平台需求;采用超融合基础架构和桌面虚拟化技术搭建虚拟化资源池,构建了海曙区气象局信息化基础设施,解决本市区县气象部门信息化建设中普遍存在的IT先进技术应用较少、缺少整体性安全规划、业务关键环节存在隐患点、灵活性和远期扩展性欠缺等一系列问题,为海曙区气象灾害监测、预报和预警业务提供强有力的支撑。     

风暴路径的客观分析

风暴路径的客观分析吕越华，屠伟铭，齐桂英（中国气象局）孟祥文（北京气象学院）温市耕（内蒙古气象台）建立一个客观的风暴路径分析系统有助于检验各种数值预报模式对天气系统预报性能和动力气象等方面问题的研究，不少学者给出风暴路径的客观表示方法（Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍ...     

全国综合气象信息共享平台架构设计技术特征

全国综合气象信息共享平台（CIMISS）是依托天气雷达数据共享平台工程项目建成的国省统一数据环境,实现各类气象数据的规范管理,直接支撑气象业务应用。该文介绍了CIMISS架构设计及核心内容,结合业务应用效果的实例分析,阐述架构设计如何有效提升数据和应用的集约高效。借鉴企业架构（EA）方法,建立了业务架构、数据架构、应用架构、技术架构和标准规范体系。采用一系列架构优化设计,包括实现元数据统一管理同步、数据质量控制、统一业务监控、异构数据库统一数据服务、优化信息流程、分层设计和集群技术应用等,满足CIMISS标准性、扩展性、稳定性等需求,获得良好的全流程数据服务时效,核心资料接收入库总耗时均小于3 min,数据访问效率较国家级气象资料存储检索系统提升2~5倍。继承现有CIMISS架构设计成果,正在设计中的气象大数据平台整体技术架构将向云平台、分布式存储等新技术升级。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.