导电导磁层状介质上的固定翼航空瞬变电磁响应

基于电磁理论,导出了含介电参数、电导率参数和磁导率参数的导电导磁层状大地条件下的固定翼航空瞬变电磁响应的计算公式.编制了计算机程序,并对理论模型进行正演计算,根据计算结果分析了模型的介电常数、电阻率和磁导率参数、飞行高度参数对响应的影响.理论模型的计算结果显示当其它条件相同时,介质电阻率越小或磁导率越大,则航空电磁响应...     

层状介质中水平磁偶极子电磁场空间分布特征

针对岩层中介电常数和磁导率随深度变化的情况,给出水平磁偶极子源电磁场的水平或垂直空间分布特征及相应的变化规律。采用Kong给出的汉克尔(Hankel)J₀变换线性滤波器(241点)和汉克尔J₁变换线性滤波器(241点)算法,选用均匀大地和两层地电模型,讨论介质的介电常数和磁导率变化时的水平磁偶极子电磁场空间分布特征。计算结果表明,磁场的H_x分量幅值与磁导率反相关;磁场H_z和电场E_y分量随着磁导率的增大而增大;低频电磁测深中介电常数变化时对电磁场基本没有影响。     

三分量感应水平线圈系在薄层中的响应特性研究

三分量感应仪器最初的设计目的是测量薄交互层的电导率和层厚.建立0.3m三层和五层薄交互层模型,用COMSOL有限元软件三维数值计算三分量阵列感应8个水平线圈系子阵列响应,详细分析其响应特征与线圈间距和层厚的关系.结果表明,三层模型中的水平子阵列响应特征由其发射、屏蔽和接收在薄层中的位置决定,发射、屏蔽和接收进出薄层,在响应曲线上均有一定表现.当发射和主接收间距小于薄层厚度时,可有效分辨薄层.当发射和屏蔽之间的距离小于层厚时,可利用主接收进出薄层特征点识别薄层厚度.否则,由于发射、屏蔽和接收在层中的位置关系复杂和响应变化大,无法有效分辨薄层.此外,测井响应受围岩影响较大,读数不等于薄层的电导率.研究成果对三分量阵列感应仪器设计和测井响应解释评价具有重要的理论和实际意义.     

水平层状介质视波速比响应特性的数值模拟

本文用几何地震学方法和多台和达图法, 通过数值模拟讨论了水平层状介质的视波速比对真波速比变化的响应特性。 结果表明: ① 视波速比对真波速比变化的响应特性是介质结构及其动态变化、 震源与监测台网的相对位置有关的复杂函数, 显示了地震波的实际传播途径对提取波速比异常信息的明显影响; ② 检测波速比信息的地震震源深度对视波速比的响应特性有重要的影响, 当介质处于异常状态时, 位于震源区下方的地震其携带出异常信息的能力受到较大限制, 其实质应归于地震波传播路径中非异常部分的作用; ③ 视波速比的响应特性主要是对于介质内部真波速比变化的响应, 在其他条件相同的情况下, 如果介质内部波速变化大而波速比变化小, 一般并不会显示高的视波速比响应特性。 根据这些结果笔者认为, 结合研究区具体的介质结构条件, 发展震源精确定位方法, 深入而具体地研究视波速比对真波速比变化的响应特性问题, 是应用视波速比作为预测地震的前兆方法必须面对的基本问题, 也是可靠地识别视波速比异常必须解决的关键问题。     

水平层状介质视波速比响应特性的数值模拟

This paper deals with the response features of AR （apparent ratio of seismic wave velocities to the changes of TR （true ratio of wave velocities） in the horizontal layered model by mathematical modeling. The results show that： （1） the response features of AR are associated with the parameters of the structure and its dynamic changes, and the relative position between the hypocenters and the monitoring networks, showing complicated patterns strongly related to the concrete paths of propagation of seismic waves from the source to the receiver in the observatories of the network; （2） the depth of the seismic source would have important influence on the response features of AR, especially the capacity to carry the anomalous information in the condition of the earth media, being in the anomalous state would be greater for those earthquakes which occur inside the anomalous layers than those underneath the anomalous layers; （3） the response features of AR are clearly related to the changes of TR （true ratio of wave velocities） instead of changes of wave velocities themselves, i.e. the response could be small as the changes in TR is small even in the case of large changes in the wave velocities. It is suggested that more attention must be paid to all these features in combination with detailed investigation of the velocity structure of the earth media in the study region and best fitting of precise hypocenter locations when one wants to obtain the reliable precursors from the changes in AR.     

基于地电场响应的地裂缝模拟试验

在应用网络并行电法技术的基础上,建立有基底潜山的物理模型,对注水条件下模型土体开裂过程中的地电场响应进行测量。试验结果表明,土体中电位、电流和电阻率的变化与土体含水量密切相关,随着土体中含水量的改变,自然电位、一次场电位、激励电流和视电阻率发生急剧变化;网络分布式并行电法反演信息表明在视电阻率曲率值较大位置容易产生不均匀沉降和裂缝,不均匀沉降的程度越大,地裂缝的长度、宽度、深度也越大。     

无为盆地周冲村组膏盐层地震响应特征研究及其油气地质意义

膏盐层作为油气田的主要盖层,对油气藏封存具有重要意义。文章在无为盆地开展二维地震勘探工作的基础上,运用井震联合对比分析方法,总结区域内膏盐层的地震响应特征,较细致地刻画无为盆地周冲村组膏盐层的厚度和空间分布规律。研究结果表明:膏盐层厚度与地震振幅属性具有一定的正相关性,地震振幅越强,膏盐层厚度越大;无为盆地膏盐层在纵向上厚度变化范围为45~540 m,横向上在盆地核心区和凹陷区膏盐层发育较厚,主体介于300~500 m之间,在盆地构造高点位置膏盐层发育较薄,主体介于50~150 m之间,膏盐层分布特征与无为盆地构造总体呈现“低厚高薄”规律。文章为无为盆地天然气和页岩气勘探突破提供了技术保障。     

谐变磁偶极激发下层状介质中球的电磁响应

本文在前人基础上,从理论计算角度研究了两层大地下球形导电体的偶极激发音频电磁场。探讨了电模式、磁模式场的耦合及其意义,并列出了剖面数据和频率响应数据,以适应移动源音频电磁法的实际需要。     

谐变磁偶极激发下层状介质中球的电磁响应

本文在前人基础上,从理论计算角度研究了两层大地下球形导电体的偶极激发音频电磁场。探讨了电模式、磁模式场的耦合及其意义,并列出了剖面数据和频率响应数据,以适应移动源音频电磁法的实际需要。     

基于铅电极的大地电场潮汐响应初步研究

本文对昌黎台地电场6个分量2009年全年的小时值进行了频谱分析,分析结果清楚地显示了日波动、半日波动和三分之一波动。研究人员对该台地电场EW向长极距2009年1月1日～31日的数字化观测资料进行了小波分析,提取到了地电场固体潮半日波和周日波。昌黎台利用铅电极进行地电场观测,不仅观测到了磁场的相关信息,并能较好地观测到潮汐响应,这在全国是首例。     

Group theoretic reduction of the electromagnetic impedance matrix for large-contrast symmetric prisms in a layered earth

Calculation using integral equations of the electromagnetic response of a geologic body which is much more conductive than the surrounding media requires the use of both current pulse and current tube basis functions. The impedance matrices for such cases can be large and expensive to form, factor, and solve. However, if the surrounding media is layered and the scatterer is symmetric under symmetry operations which preserve the depth of transformed points, then we can apply group representation theory to drastically reduce storage and computation requirements. I discuss this application of group representation theory in detail, using the symmetry groupC ₂ for purposes of illustration. In a sample calculation for a body which is invariant under the symmetry operations of the groupC ₂ , storage was reduced by a factor of 4, matrix formation time was reduced by a factor of 2, and the sum of matrix factorization and solution times was reduced by a factor of 10.     

用积分方程法模拟各向异性地层中三维电性异常体的电磁响应

本文研究并建立了一种模拟各向异性地层中三维电性异常体电磁响应的积分方程算法.首先讨论了并矢Green函数及其相关积分的计算,将水平层状各向异性地层中的电场并矢Green函数分解成含有奇异项的直达波与非奇异的来自各个层界面的反射和透射波两个部分,再应用等效体积单元和表面积分技术对积分方程的奇异核进行离散化处理以便提高离散方程的精度.然后为了节省计算机内存以及计算时间,引入基于Krylov子空间的迭代算法求解积分方程的离散化矩阵方程.最后通过与现有文献中的结果作对比从而检验了所述算法的有效性,并结合具体算例考察分析了地层的各向异性对三维电性异常体电磁响应的影响特征和规律.     

Sensitivity and inversion of marine electromagnetic data in a vertically anisotropic stratified earth

The controlled‐source electromagnetic (CSEM) and magnetotelluric method (MT) are two techniques that can be jointly used to explore the resistivity structure of the earth. Such methods have, in recent years, been applied in marine environments to the exploration and appraisal of hydrocarbons. In many situations the electric properties of the earth are anisotropic, with differences between resistivity in the vertical direction typically much higher than those in the horizontal direction. In cases such as this, the two modes of the time‐harmonic electromagnetic field are altered in different ways, implying that the sensitivity to the earth resistivity may vary significantly from one particular resistivity component (scalar, horizontal or vertical) to another, depending on the measurement configuration (range, azimuth, frequency or water depth). In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of the electromagnetic field to a vertically anisotropic earth for a typical set of configurations, compare inversion results of synthetic data characterizing a vertically anisotropic earth obtained using the isotropic and anisotropic assumptions and show that correctly accounting for anisotropy can prevent artefacts in inversion results.     

二维轴对称介质中电磁波测井的响应函数

单发双收电磁波测井测的是两接收线圈的感应电动势之间的相位差和幅度比及测井响应与地层介电常数和电导率两者有关的一般情况,对此本文推导出其在二维轴对称介质中响应函数公式,给出它的快速算法.通过建立二维非均质反演Jacobi矩阵与响应函数的关系,开辟了Jacobi矩阵快速算法构造的有效途径.从理论上得到了在均匀介质中相位差和幅度比对地层的介电常数和电导率的空间分布探测特性具有交叉互补性的结果,即相位差对电导率（介电常数）的空间分布敏感区域和幅度比对介电常数（电导率）的空间分布敏感区域是相同的.     

Matrix approach to the solution of electromagnetic induction in a spherically layered earth

Summary Matrix formulae for the intensities of the M- and E-fields have been derived. They have been applied to express the apparent resistivity, the transfer function, as well as the frequency equation determining the frequencies of free motion of the M- and E-waves. A fast algorithm for computing the transfer function and the apparent resistivity has been suggested.

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¶rt; u ¶rt; nu n u u u una. n u n¶rt;: nuu, u u u u, n¶rt; u u . ¶rt; au ¶rt; u u u u nuu.

     

水平层状大地中任意方向偶极源激发的电磁场

目前已存在多种物理模型用于解释地震前兆电磁异常,不同机制下产生电磁波场的源可等效为不同类型偶极源（磁型/电型）的组合.针对不同偶极源激发的电磁响应特征的研究对地震孕育过程中观测的电磁信号的提取与解释具有重要意义.基于此,本文推导了一套正演算法,可用于研究任意方向（方位角和倾角）、大小和位置的一个或多个偶极源在地壳或岩石圈-大气圈-电离层（Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere,LAI）模型中产生的电磁波场的传播特征.基于多源组合,该算法可进一步拓展到线电流源和面电流源的电磁响应的计算.本文给出了水平、垂直和倾斜电偶极源响应计算的实例,并针对不同类型的偶极源激发下的地中、地面以及空间电磁场响应特征进行了初步分析.模拟结果显示,相比于单纯水平或垂直的电偶极源,地中倾斜电偶极源激发的电磁响应在地表的各场量辐射花样虽然仍可反映偶极子的方位角和空间位置,但不再具有对称性,其模式更复杂.本文提出的正演算法可用于地中低频电磁辐射源的正演模拟和反演定位.

     

伪随机编码源电磁响应的精细辨识

与传统阶跃源激励方式相比, 采用m序列伪随机编码对发射源波形进行编码, 提高了电磁探测的深度和分辨能力.然而受这种编码源发射波形自相关旁瓣效应的影响, 使得对大地冲激响应的精细辨识效果受到一定限制.为了解决这一问题, 在以往相关辨识方法研究的基础上, 进一步考虑发射自相关旁瓣的影响, 首先提出一种由收发互相关中高精度提取大地冲激响应的数学方法; 然后通过数值模拟给出了m序列编码源大地冲激响应的精细辨识结果; 同时对以m序列为发射波形的勘探系统相关参数选择进行了分析; 最后利用本文提出的方法对野外实测数据进行辨识处理, 通过与其他EM方法结果进行对比, 证明了本文提出方法的可靠性.     

The electromagnetic response of a horizontal electric dipole buried in a multi‐layered earth

The electromagnetic response of a horizontal electric dipole transmitter in the presence of a conductive, layered earth is important in a number of geophysical applications, ranging from controlled‐source audio‐frequency magnetotellurics to borehole geophysics to marine electromagnetics. The problem has been thoroughly studied for more than a century, starting from a dipole resting on the surface of a half‐space and subsequently advancing all the way to a transmitter buried within a stack of anisotropic layers. The solution is still relevant today. For example, it is useful for one‐dimensional modelling and interpretation, as well as to provide background fields for two‐ and three‐dimensional modelling methods such as integral equation or primary–secondary field formulations. This tutorial borrows elements from the many texts and papers on the topic and combines them into what we believe is a helpful guide to performing layered earth electromagnetic field calculations. It is not intended to replace any of the existing work on the subject. However, we have found that this combination of elements is particularly effective in teaching electromagnetic theory and providing a basis for algorithmic development. Readers will be able to calculate electric and magnetic fields at any point in or above the earth, produced by a transmitter at any location. As an illustrative example, we calculate the fields of a dipole buried in a multi‐layered anisotropic earth to demonstrate how the theory that developed in this tutorial can be implemented in practice; we then use the example to examine the diffusion of volume charge density within anisotropic media—a rarely visualised process. The algorithm is internally validated by comparing the response of many thin layers with alternating high and low conductivity values to the theoretically equivalent (yet algorithmically simpler) anisotropic solution, as well as externally validated against an independent algorithm.     

沁水盆地北部煤层气富集区CSAMT勘探试验研究

在分析沁水盆地北部煤层气富集与地下水和地质构造之间的关系基础上,采用大地电磁法探测地下水分布以及有利和不利煤层气富集影响因素、间接探测煤层气相对富集区;根据煤层气富集地质模型设计了地球物理模型,利用有限单元法开展典型薄层模型正演模拟,讨论了探测方法的可行性;选择山西沁水盆地北部煤层气勘探区开展可控源音频大地电磁探测技术试验,结合已有地质、钻井及测井资料完成了试验资料的处理与解释;试验结果表明,利用可控源音频大地电磁法能有效获得地层电性结构,推断含水、富水区,结合煤层气有利富集地质条件和影响因素,可以实现间接预测煤层气的有利富集区.     

孕震区产生电磁辐射的电学模型

震前电磁辐射是一种与孕震活动有关的客观现象,通过讨论孕震区的力学性质和电学性质,提出了孕震区产生电磁辐射的电学模型,并对这个电学模型作了尝试性的探讨。