禾谷缢管蚜种群动态的模糊聚类分析

田间调查结果表明,禾谷缢管蚜在麦田的聚集和扩散具有周期性发生的规律,种群在不同时间也表现不同状态。用模型聚类法分析了禾谷缢管蚜的种群动态,将发生动态分为５个状态,即初盛状态、凋落（点片）状态、盛发状态,以及因外迁和死亡形成的衰减状态。经分析认为,化学防治应在初盛期进行。     

温度对禾谷缢管蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

在人工气候室不同温度下研究了禾谷缢管蚜（RhopqlosiphumPadi（Linnaeus））的生长发育和繁殖。结果表明在10～30℃范围内．随着温度的升高,禾谷缢管蚜的发育速率加快,到一定温度之后又随温度升高而减慢;在25．4℃时,rm值最大为0．4196;在25℃时的种群出生率最高。当种群达稳定状态后,若蚜的比例在25℃时最小,占73．5％,而成蚜的比例最大,达26．4％;随着温度的升高,禾谷缢管蚜的产仔期变短,产仔量减少．但产仔峰值加大,峰值来临时间提前。同时还对极端温度对禾谷缢管蚜存活的影响进行了系统测定。     

小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜抗性的多目标评价及抗性因素分析

用多目标层次加权法评价了８个小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜的综合抗性,结果表明,８个小麦品种的抗蚜性强弱依次为Ｗ６（４０）２、小偃六号、ＮＷＡＵ３４－９、陕１６７、陕８００７、８５（６７）２４、８１（２８）２８、８５（６７）１５。抗性因素的分析表明,品种感蚜值与游离氨基酸总量呈负相关,在１７种游离氨基酸中,感蚜值与赖按酸和精氨酸的含量显著负相关,而与总糖含量呈正相关。     

小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜抗性的多目标评价及抗性因素分析

用多目标层次加权法评价了 8个小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜的综合抗性 ,结果表明 ,8个小麦品种的抗蚜性强弱依次为 W6 (4 0 ) 2、小偃六号、NWAU34- 9、陕 16 7、陕 80 0 7、85(6 7) 2 4、81(2 8) 2 8、85(6 7) 15。抗性因素的分析表明 ,品种感蚜值与游离氨基酸总量呈负相关 ,在 17种游离氨基酸中 ,感蚜值与赖按酸和精氨酸的含量显著负相关 ,而与总糖含量呈正相关     

湛江霞湖近亲裸腹溞(Moina affinis Birge)种群动态和生产量的初步研究

本文报导了1986年7月——1987年6月湛江霞湖近亲裸腹溞种群动态和生产量的研究结果。霞湖近亲裸腹溞的高峰期出现在夏季,最大值为1798个/升;年平均值为135.6个/升。每窝卵数和种群卵数有明显的季节变化。种群的瞬时出生率,瞬时死亡率和瞬时增长率受种群密度的制约。霞湖近亲裸腹溞年平均生物量为0.35毫克干重/升;年生产量为134.36毫克干重/升;年P/B系数为381.86;生物量的周转期为0.89天。分析了影响霞湖近亲裸腹溞种群动态和生产量的生态因子。认为水温,潮汐和鱼类摄食分别在不同时期对近亲裸腹涵种群动态产生影响。最后,还讨论了近亲裸腹溞在霞湖渔业生产中的作用。     

黏土可塑性测定方法的探讨

粘土的可塑性是指在一定的含水状态下，形成的泥料在外力作用下发生形变，外力作用停止后仍能保持变形后的形状的性质。粘土由于含水不同，分别处于流动状态、可塑状态、半固体状态和固体状态。呈可塑状态的上限含水率为液限，下限含水率为塑限，两者之差为可塑指数。可塑性试验在我国以往多采用瓦西耶夫圆锥仪法，即人工丢锥测定液限，人工搓条法测定塑限。     

南极帝企鹅种群栖息地动态变化遥感分析

帝企鹅是南极生态的指示器,其种群栖息地分布变化对研究南极气候具有重要意义,但传统的人工实地调查难以获取全面、准确的种群栖息地信息。本文依据帝企鹅种群排泄物在卫星影像上的蓝、红波段和近红外与短波红外波段的反射率差异,提出2种可以有效判别种群排泄物的光谱指数（NDII、EI）,据此精确识别帝企鹅种群排泄物并确定其种群栖息地位置。根据2009年195景时相合适、质量较好的Landsat 7 ETM+卫星影像,获取了南极共计38个帝企鹅种群栖息地,其中新发现7处（Bowman Island , Dibble Glacier , Auster, Point Geologie , Cape Crozier , Brownson Islands和Rupert Coast）,消失2处（Amundsen Bay 和Ledda Bay）,另外25处（除Thuston Glacier, Luitpold, Sanae, Gould, Ragnhild和Beaufort Island外）位置未发生明显变化,实现了全南极帝企鹅种群栖息地的识别与定位。种群栖息地提取的正确率为94%,提取结果受限于影像质量和种群规模,且随着种群规模的提高,该方法的提取效果也越好。帝企鹅种群栖息地的分布与气候要素息息相关,种群栖息地往往倾向于气温较低和海冰密集度较高的区域,气候变化对每个种群栖息地的影响不同,因此气候与种群栖息地变化的具体关系需要长时间、区域性的观测进行研究。随着气温持续上升和海冰密集度的变化,南纬70°以北的种群栖息地面临较大的威胁,帝企鹅种群呈现向极点逐渐收缩的趋势。     

顾及时空过程的台风灾害事件知识图谱表示方法

我国是受台风影响最严重的国家之一，台风灾害严重威胁着沿海地区的社会经济和自然环境。近年来，随着知识图谱相关理论和应用技术的发展，其强大的知识整合与表达能力可以为台风灾害事件的动态监测与管理决策提供有力支持。针对当前台风灾害事件相关模型对时空过程表达不足等方面存在的问题，首先，从台风灾害机理出发，通过对台风灾害事件组成要素和动态特性的分析，提出从概念、对象、状态、特征和关系5个层次建立的台风灾害事件知识表达模型。其次，充分顾及台风灾害事件信息的多粒度特性，在模型中将不同的特征信息统一到各个对象中。为了突出台风灾害事件的时空过程，以状态作为过程在特定时空下的截面。最后，以2021年台风烟花事件为案例，构建了台风灾害事件知识图谱。结果表明，该模型不仅突出了事件中不同对象的特征刻画，通过多个对象的状态序列表达出台风灾害事件的时空过程，进一步提高台风灾害事件的全过程信息表达与存储，为应急决策方案提供有效的数据与决策辅助支持。     

民和加强动态巡查 规范用地行为

近日，青海省民和县国土资源部门根据《土地动态巡查责任制》规定要求，集中精力对川口镇、川扬、川管公路沿线十八个乡镇利用一周时间进行了土地动态巡查。     

神农架林区植被分布与地形的关系研究

神农架林区是我国物种多样性最为丰富的地区之一,地形地貌复杂,对植被分布影响巨大。本文利用该地区2007年数字高程数据、2007年植被分布图以及2017年野外实地调查数据,基于最大熵模型和空间分析理论,从植被类型和种群两个角度研究该地区不同尺度植被空间分布的地形特征,分别量化植被类型和种群空间分布的地形范围,得到植被类型与地形因子关系模型、植被种群与地形因子关系模型。结果表明:①神农架林区影响植被空间分布的地形因子不同,其中影响针叶林分布的最重要的地形因子是高程和高程变异系数,影响阔叶林分布的是高程和坡向,影响灌丛分布的是坡向变率和坡向,影响草丛分布的较为分散;②典型植被种群分布的地形范围和植被类型的基本一致,其中90%针叶林分布在高程1600~2600 m间,典型种群巴山冷杉和华山松主要分布在高程1700~3200 m和1700~2200 m;85%的阔叶林分布在高程1000~2000 m间,典型种群青冈类和鹅耳枥主要分布在高程1200~2200 m间;95%的灌丛分布在坡向变率0~40°间,典型种群杜鹃和蔷薇主要分布在坡向变率小于40°的范围,但相应的关系模型存在差异,植被类型与地形因子为高斯模型,典型种群与地形因子关系模型相对复杂,不同种群的分布模式不同;③虽然坡度常作为数字地形的重要因子,但本文研究发现该地区坡度对植被类型和种群分布的影响不明显。研究结果可为神农架林区植被保护和恢复,以及植被规划和管理提供基础参考。     

Macroalage as a source of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from organic solvent extracts of macroalgae by a spectrophotometrical method with p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranosidase as the substrate. The result indicates that orgarlic crude extracts from some macroalgae such as Rhodomela confervoides (Huds.) Silva, Gracilaria textorii(Suringar) DeToni, Plocamium telfairiae Harv., Dictyopteris divaricata (Okam.) Okam, Ulval pertusa and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link et al. show strong inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase at concentration of 79.6 μg/ml.     

Decline of traditional landscape in a protected area of the southwestern Alps: The fate of enclosed pasture patches in the land mosaic shift

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Traditional landscape elements such as pasture patches enclosed in a forest matrix are progressively disappearing throughout the European Alps. We assessed the land mosaic shift of a protected area located in the western Italian Alps. In particular, the dynamics of pasture patches were studied at both landscape and stand level. Land-cover mapping through object-oriented analysis of historical aerial photographs was used to assess land-cover changes between 1954 and 2000. Spatial statistics were used to quantify landscape patterns, and field samplings within pasture patches were used to explore tree regeneration structure and composition. Our results showed a significant increase in the number of pasture patches caused by their fragmentation following forest expansion. The total surface area of pasture patches decreased by 43% and their core area decreased by 94%. The encroachment of trees on less accessible areas of the pasture patches caused a reduction of patch shape at landscape scale. The gap filling process started 40-50 years ago and began with an early invasion of light demanding species like sycamore maple （Acer pseudoplatanus L.） and common ash （Fraxinus excelsior L.）, followed by European beech （Fagus sylvatica L.） and secondarily silver fir （Abies alba Mill.）. Traditional land-use and population decline in the Pesio Valley led to a reduction in ecotone areas. A transition to a more homogeneous landscape is expected in the next decades. Given the cultural and productive nature of these mountain meadow-pasture communities, extensive livestock grazing systems could be used to manage their future conservation.     

Impact assessment of modified clay on embryo-larval stages of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Using modified clay is one of the most promising methods for the mitigation of harmful algal blooms(HABs). However, the environmental impact of modified clay has become a subject of global concern. In this study, turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.) embryos were used as a model to assess the effect of modified clay on this sensitive stage of fish development. Results show that the 24 and 48 h LC_(50)(median lethal concentrations) of the modified clay were 1.70 and 1.65 g/L, and the safe concentration was 0.47 g/L, which is much higher than the concentration used to treat HAB. The modified clay did not affect significantly the hatchability of turbot embryos but when the concentration exceeded 0.50 g/L, the deformity rate of newly hatched larvae increased significantly. The total length, specific growth rate(SGR)and yolk sac absorption rate of larvae reached their peaks at 0.50 g/L and then gradually decreased as the concentration of modified clay increased. Therefore, a moderate amount of modified clay does not harm the survival and hatching of turbot embryos, or the growth and development of newly hatched larvae.     

改造末期多种能源矿藏(床)同盆共存的多源信息找矿识别标志

利用多源信息(地质、物化探、遥感、水文地质等)研究多种能源矿种在改造末期同盆共存的判识标志和赋存环境，着眼于改造结果，多源信息特征反映的是在改造末期所形成构造格局的基础上，油气、煤、铀多种能源矿藏(床)同盆共存的现今空间关系，在此基础上，从铀成矿因素方面建立油气、煤、铀多种能源矿藏(床)同盆共存的找矿识别标志。     

应用聚类和因子分析讨论猫岭金矿元素组合特征

猫岭金矿是一低品位、大型热液型金矿床。金矿体主要以脉状、似层状、透镜状产于下元古界辽河群盖县组二段的千枚岩中,受北北东向片理化带及低序次构造裂隙所控制。矿床原生晕样品的 R 型聚类分析和因子分析的结果表明,与金矿化关系最密切的元素为 Pb、Ag,其次为 As。即 Au、Pb、Ag 代表了主成矿阶段矿化元素组合特征,而 As 和 Co、Ni 元素组合分别反映了与 Au 矿化具成因联系的毒砂和磁黄铁矿化特点。(Au、Pb、Ag)因子与(As、Ag)因子紧密相关,与宏观上所见矿化阶段生成的矿物(自然金、方铅矿等)沿毒砂裂隙分布的特点相吻合,从而说明这两个因子的元素组合代表了最佳成矿地段的元素组合特征。     

Molecular Characterization,Tissue Distribution and Localization of Larimichthys crocea Kif3a and Kif3b and Expression Analysis of Their Genes During Spermiogenesis

KIF3A and KIF3B are two N-terminal motor proteins belonging to the kinesin-II superfamily that play essential roles in spermiogenesis. To understand the roles played by KIF3 A/3B during spermatogenesis of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea, we studied the testis characteristics at different developmental stages of L. crocea, and determined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of kif3a and kif3b during spermiogenesis. Quantitative real-time PCR(qR T-PCR) showed that the overall trends of kif3 a/3 b m RNA abundance during testis development are similar. From stage II to stage V, kif3a/3b m RNA abundances first increased and then fell after reaching a peak at stage IV. Interestingly, the m RNA abundances of both genes at stage V were higher than those at stages II and III. In addition, it is worth of noting that kif3 b m RNA abundance was higher than that of kif3a at all stages. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results revealed that kif3a/3b m RNA abundance dynamics were consistent with the migration of mitochondria, the deformation of nucleus, and the formation of tail. The m RNA hybridization signals of both genes first appeared either around the nuclear periphery or on the side of the nuclei, then appeared at one side of nuclei, and finally were mainly on the tail during spermiogenesis. Our findings contributed to better understanding the molecular mechanisms of spermiogenesis in fish; and suggested that KIF3A and KIF3B may participate in the intracellular transport of mitochondria, nuclear deformation, and the formation of tail during the spermiogenesis in L. crocea.     

Modeling underwater transport of oil spilled from deepwater area in the South China Sea

Based on a Lagrangian integral technique and Lagrangian particle-tracking technique,a numerical model was developed to simulate the underwater transport of oil from a deepwater spill. This model comprises two submodels: a plume dynamics model and an advection-diffusion model. The former is used to simulate the stages dominated by the initial jet momentum and plume buoyancy of the spilled oil,while the latter is used to simulate the stage dominated by the ambient current and turbulence. The model validity was verified through comparisons of the model predictions with experimental data from several laboratory flume experiments and a field experiment. To demonstrate the capability of the model further,it was applied to the simulation of a hypothetical oil spill occurring at the seabed of a deepwater oil/gas field in the South China Sea. The results of the simulation would be useful for contingency planning with regard to the emergency response to an underwater oil spill.     

Mapping soil organic carbon stocks of northeastern China using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods

The main aim of this paper was to calculate soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) with consideration of the pedogenetic horizons using expert knowledge and GIS-based methods in northeastern China. A novel prediction process was presented and was referred to as model-then-calculate with respect to the variable thicknesses of soil horizons (MCV). The model-then-calculate with fixed-thickness (MCF), soil profile statistics (SPS), pedological professional knowledge-based (PKB) and vegetation type-based (Veg) methods were carried out for comparison. With respect to the similar pedological information, nine common layers from topsoil to bedrock were grouped in the MCV. Validation results suggested that the MCV method generated better performance than the other methods considered. For the comparison of polygon based approaches, the Veg method generated better accuracy than both SPS and PKB, as limited soil data were incorporated. Additional prediction of the pedogenetic horizons within MCV benefitted the regional SOCS estimation and provided information for future soil classification and understanding of soil functions. The intermediate product, that is, horizon thickness maps were fluctuant enough and reflected many details in space. The linear mixed model indicated that mean annual air temperature (MAAT) was the most important predictor for the SOCS simulation. The minimal residual of the linear mixed models was achieved in the vegetation type-based model, whereas the maximal residual was fitted in the soil type-based model. About 95% of SOCS could be found in Argosols, Cambosols and Isohumosols. The largest SOCS was found in the croplands with vegetation of Triticum aestivum L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Zea mays L. and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.     

Tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous

On the basis of subsidence history analysis and balanced cross-section analysis, the vertical uplift/subsidence history and horizontal extension/compression history of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin are quantitatively studied. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous can be divided into a rifting phase (late Cretaceous to Paleogene) and a post-rifting phase (Neogene to Quaternary). The rifting phase can be further subdivided into an initial rifting stage (late Cretaceous), an intensive rifting stage (Paleocene), a rifting termination stage (Eocene), and an inversion-uplifting stage (Oligocene). Together, this division shows the characteristics of an episodic-evolved intracontinental rift-depression basin. The deformation of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous was mainly fault-related. The horizontal extension and tectonic subsidence were controlled by the activity of faults. The differential evolution of faults also caused variations in local uplift/subsidence movements and the regional heterogeneity in extension. The late Cretaceous initial rifting of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin is related to the Pacific-Eurasia convergence. From the Paleocene intensive rifting stage to present, the Pacific-Eurasia convergence and India-Eurasia convergence have played important roles in the evolution of this region.