卫星授时技术控制方案

根据我国同步广播卫星的现状，本文提出在不专门占用卫星信道的情况下，保留现有ＣＣＴＶ中的时间信号，并将卫星轨道参烽以及其它参数插入到ＣＣＴＶ信号中去的技术问题以及控制方法，完成同步卫星的高精度授时工作。     

对地方电视台转播CCTV时延的测定

讲述了同步广播卫星电视时间信号的测量方法和测量结果，获得了ＣＣＴＶ、ＣＣＴＶ２通过同一颗卫星（亚太－１Ａ）转播的时延差值为１６３．３３μｓ，测量精度在１０ｎｓ以内；ＣＣＴＶ２、ＣＣＴＶ４分别经两颗卫星（亚太－１Ａ，亚洲－Ⅱ）转播，在陕西天文台卫星地面接收站时延差值为１６４４．２０μｓ，严谨为５０μｓ，并分析了影响时延差值和精度的原因，同时测量了地方电视台转播亚太－１Ａ的ＣＣＴＶ信号与直接接收亚太－     

CTIO1m反射望远镜的色折射改正和星等差

利用ＣＴＩＯ（ＣｅｒｒｏＴｏｌｏｌｏＩｎｔｅｒ－ＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｏｒｙ）１ｍ反射望远镜观测球状星团ωＣｅｎ区域的Ｖ和Ｂ波段的照相底片，分析研究了色折射改正；描述了测定色折射改工项系数的方法，得到该望远镜在Ｖ和Ｂ波段照相观测的色折射改正项的系数分别为１．３５２１″和４．５４０３″．随后分析讨论了与星等有关的系统误差，结果表明，对大部分照相压片，星等差是很明显的．在利用底片常数归算时，星等的线性和二次项必须包括在内．     

空间信号精度的算法设计与实验分析

导航系统的完好性关系到用户的安全问题,空间信号精度(SISA)是反映卫星导航系统完好性的重要指标之一。针对导航电文中的广播星历和钟差参数信息处理问题,设计了SISA参数计算方法;利用GPS和BDS系统中的实际数据,分析了不同轨道类型卫星SISA参数对空间信号误差的包络特性,并将导航电文中URA参数与SISA参数进行比较,验证了SISA参数计算方法。实验结果表明,SISA能够准确反映广播星历的空间信号精度,并能够对空间信号误差基本实现平均98%的包络能力;目前北斗广播星历中的URA参数不能够精确反映空间信号的精度,不同卫星的空间信号精度相差较大,SISA能够准确反映和包络北斗空间信号误差。     

宇宙信息

宇宙信息解开ＮＧＣ６８１４ｘ射线周期性变化之谜天鹰座目视星等Ｖ为１１．２的赛弗特星系ＮＧＣ６８１４，由于用欧洲Ｘ射线天文卫星Ｅｘｏｓａｔ发现了它的Ｘ射线亮度有周期性变化，后来的研究又表明，它是活动星系的辐射（一切波段都算）变化测得持久精确稳定周期的唯...     

空间VLBI研究的现状和未来

空间ＶＬＢＩ卫星ＶＳＯＰ／ＨＡＬＣＡ是日本宇航科学研究所（ＩＳＡＳ）的飞行任务,已经在１９９７年２月升空。它拥有８ｍ直径的射电望远镜,远地点达２２０００ｋｍ。和地面的射电望远镜联合观测（干涉观测）,其最高分辨率比地面ＶＬＢＩ提高了３倍。该项空间ＶＬＢＩ观测由ＮＳＡＳ的地面跟踪站支持。第一批ＶＬＢＩ图像已经在因特网上发表。ＲａｄｉｏＡｓｔｒｏｎ项目由俄罗斯科学院列别捷夫物理研究所天文空间中心（ＡＳＣ     

宇宙信息

宇宙信息γ暴的新品种宇宙γ射线爆发（ｃｏｓｍｉｃＣａｍｍａ－ｒａｙＢｕｒｓｔ，简称γ暴）是一种短时标、突发性的高能γ射线爆发现象。首例γ暴是由美国国防部发射的Ｖｅｌａ卫星于１９６７年突然发现的。１９９１年４月７日康普顿γ射线天文台（ＣｏｍｐｔｏｎＧａ...     

星基增强系统10参数广播星历拟合分析

为满足多种卫星轨道的应用需求,在星基增强系统新增的L5信号接口中重新设计了一种10参数星历模型。使用2016年北斗卫星系统地球同步轨道卫星、倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中地球轨道卫星的精密轨道数据,在内符合精度、拟合成功率以及运算速度等方面,分别评估了10参数星历模型在这些卫星轨道上的拟合效果。试验结果表明,10参数星历模型可以保证10~(-3)cm左右的内符合精度。但地球同步轨道卫星和倾斜地球同步轨道卫星的拟合成功率分别为89.36%和99.17%。尝试去除idot参数以解决拟合失败的问题,结果表明,该处理可以实现100%的拟合成功率,但拟合误差有所上升,且对不同的轨道类型,拟合运算速度有不同程度的提升或下降。     

关于J77大气模型用于Ajisai卫星定轨的讨论(英文)

当对近地卫星进行定轨时,将不可避免地遇到选取大气模型的问题,这些模型包括指数模型（ＥＸＰＴ）、ＤＴＭ、ＣＩＲＡ８６和Ｊ７７等模型。而Ｊ７７是较后形成的模型,它在大气阻力的研究中往往备受关注。这里,作者将涉及如何解决在ＶＡＸ３８００计算机上用Ｊ７７大气模型来处理Ａｊｉｓａｉ卫星资料时所遇到的计算发散问题,分析计算结果后,发现定轨软件ＳＨＯＲＤＥ中参数的选取不当是造成计算发散的根本原因,同时,我们给出了该参数的建议值为１０－１２。最后,将Ｊ７７的结果与其它模型的结果相比较,表明参数的调整是有效的。     

星爆后星系NGC4736核区的环状结构

在１９９２年３月３１日至４月２日期间，我们利用云南天台１ｍ望远镜２号ＣＣＤ和缩焦装置，对环星系ＮＧＣ４７３６进行了Ｖ和Ｉ波段深曝光观测。在经过Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓｏｎ－Ｌｕｃｙ图象复原以及自适应滤波两种方法处理后，发现仅仅在Ｖ波段图像上，其核区存在一个直径约为１０″的环状结构。     

The shapes and rotational dynamics of minor planetary satellites

Statistical analysis of the available data on the sizes and inertial parameters for all hitherto known satellites of the Solar system’s planets is performed. Analytical approximations are derived for the size distribution of satellites. Empirical relations are obtained to approximately estimate the inertial parameters of a satellite from its size. These relations can be used in statistical studies of the possibility of manifestations of various nonstandard rotational modes of planetary satellites. In particular, the probability of the “Amalthea effect” (the presence of two centers of synchronous resonance in the phase space of rotational motion) is shown to be much higher for minor (with diameters smaller than 100 km) satellites moving in close-to-circular orbits than for other satellites.     

Synchronous spin-orbital resonance locking of large planetary satellites

A numerical investigation of the chaotic rotation of large planetary satellites before their synchronous spin-orbital resonance locking with regard to tidal friction is carried out. The rotational dynamics of seven large satellites greater than 1000 km in diameter and with known inertial parameters (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto (J1–J4), Tethys (S3), Iapetus (S8), and Ariel (U1)) in the epoch of synchronous resonance locking is modeled. All of these satellites have a small dynamic asymmetry. The planar case is considered in which the satellite’s axis of rotation is orthogonal to the plane of orbit. The satellites possessing an initial rapid rotation pass through various resonant states during the tidal evolution. Here, the probability of their locking into these states exists. The numerical experiments presented in this paper have shown that, with a rather high arbitrariness in the choice of initial states, the satellites during the course of the tidal evolution of their rotational motion have passed without interruption through the regions of the 5: 2, 2: 1, and 3: 2 resonances in the phase space and are locked into the 1: 1 resonance. The estimate for the tidal deceleration time is obtained both theoretically and on the numerical experimental basis.     

Rotational dynamics of planetary satellites: A survey of regular and chaotic behavior

The problem of observability of chaotic regimes in the rotation of planetary satellites is studied. The analysis is based on the inertial and orbital data available for all satellites discovered up to now. The Lyapunov spectra of the spatial chaotic rotation and the full range of variation of the spin rate are computed numerically by integrating the equations of the rotational motion; the initial data are taken inside the main chaotic layer near the separatrices of synchronous resonance in phase space. The model of a triaxial satellite in a fixed elliptic orbit is adopted. A short Lyapunov time along with a large range of variation of the spin rate are used as criteria for observability of the chaotic motion. Independently, analysis of stability of the synchronous state with respect to tilting the axis of rotation provides a test for the physical opportunity for a satellite to rotate chaotically. Finally, a calculation of the times of despinning due to tidal evolution shows whether a satellite's spin could evolve close to the synchronous state. Apart from Hyperion, already known to rotate chaotically, only Prometheus and Pandora, the 16th and 17th satellites of Saturn, pass all these four tests.     

On the rotational dynamics of Prometheus and Pandora

Possible rotation states of two satellites of Saturn, Prometheus (S16) and Pandora (S17), are studied by means of numerical experiments. The attitude stability of all possible modes of synchronous rotation and the motion close to these modes is analyzed by means of computation of the Lyapunov spectra of the motion. The stability analysis confirms that the rotation of Prometheus and Pandora might be chaotic, though the possibility of regular behaviour is not excluded. For the both satellites, the attitude instability zones form series of concentric belts enclosing the main synchronous resonance center in the phase space sections. A hypothesis is put forward that these belts might form “barriers” for capturing the satellites in synchronous rotation. The satellites in chaotic rotation can mimic ordinary regular synchronous behaviour: they preserve preferred orientation for long periods of time, the largest axis of satellite’s figure being directed approximately towards Saturn.     

中高轨卫星广播星历精度分析

GPS广播星历参数具有物理意义明确、参数少、精度高等优点,可以考虑将它应用于其他卫星导航系统。但是GPS系统的卫星构成比较单一,而其他卫星导航系统可能包含中地球轨道 (MEO)、倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)和地球静止轨道(GEO)等多种不同类型的中高轨卫星。分析了采用GPS广播星历参数时,MEO、IGSO和GEO卫星的广播星历拟合精度,特别讨论了轨道倾角接近于0的GEO卫星的广播星历拟合精度,并给出了相应的改进措施。计算表明,对于 MEO卫星,2 h的广播星历拟合精度(三维位置)可达厘米级;对于IGSO卫星和轨道倾角较大的GEO卫星,4 h的广播星历拟合精度约为0．1 m,径向位置误差在厘米量级;而对于轨道倾角接近于0的GEO卫星,若不采取特殊措施,由于轨道倾角和升交点经度统计相关,其广播星历拟合精度很差,为此提出了一种坐标转换方法。采用此方法后的广播星历拟合精度可达0．1 m,径向位置误差为厘米量级。     

伽利略卫星的等势面和正常重力场

给出了轨道面接近赤道面的轨旋同步卫星的正常重力场在等势面上分布的展开式，并讨论了潮汐对其正常重力场的影响，利用这一方法，讨论了伽利略卫星正常重力场及其在等势面上的分布，以及木星的潮汐对伽利略卫星的正常重力场的影响，计算表明，潮汐对伽利略卫星的正常重力场影响不大，其径向的影响grt大约是10^-3-10^-5m/s^2的量级，与重力场在经度和纬度方向的分量接近，通过估算，月球的重力场所受到的潮汐影响要比绝大多数伽利略卫星受到的潮汐影响小。     

Determination of the masses of planetary satellites from their mutual gravitational perturbations

We analyze the possibility of determining the masses of outer planetary satellites from their mutual gravitational perturbations via ground-based observations. Such a technique has been applied in (Emelyanov, 2005b) to determine the mass of the Jovian satellite Himalia. In this paper, we use the least-squares method to compute the errors of satellite masses inferred from simulated observations. We analyze several of the most suitable variants of groups of outer satellites of planets with maximum mutual attraction. We found that the mass of the Satumian satellite Phoebe (S9) can be refined by continuing observations of the satellite S25 Mundilfari until 2027. We show that the masses of other known outer planetary satellites cannot be determined from ground-based observations.     

The geometry of impacts on a synchronous planetary satellite

We consider a satellite in a circular orbit about a planet that, in turn, is in a circular orbit about the Sun; we further assume that the plane of the planetocentric orbit of the satellite is the same as that of the heliocentric orbit of the planet. The pair planet–satellite is encountered by a population of small bodies on planet-crossing, inclined orbits. With this setup, and using the extension of Öpik’s theory by Valsecchi et al. (Astron Astrophys 408:1179–1196, 2003), we analytically compute the velocity, the elongation from the apex and the impact point coordinates of the bodies impacting the satellite, as simple functions of the heliocentric orbital elements of the impactor and of the longitude of the satellite at impact. The relationships so derived are of interest for satellites in synchronous rotation, since they can shed light on the degree of apex–antapex cratering asymmetry that some of these satellites show. We test these relationships on two different subsets of the known population of Near Earth Asteroids.     

Rotation of Synchronous Satellites Application to the Galilean Satellites

An analytical theory of the rotation of a synchronous satellite is developed for the application to the rotation of the Galilean satellites. The theory is developed in the framework of Hamiltonian mechanics, using Andoyer variables. Special attention is given to the frequencies of libration as functions of the moments of inertia of the satellite. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.