熊耳群富碲（化物）型金矿床硫同位素组成及成矿作用探讨

熊耳群火山岩中产出各种类型的金矿床，富碲（化物）型（俗称构造蚀变岩型）是其主要类型，该类型金矿出现大量碲化物或富碲、硒。硫化物δ34S以较大负值为特征，δ34S=-19.24‰-+6.68‰。本文通过综合研究及与国内外有关矿床对比，提出该碲化物型金矿床δ34S负值的主要原因，是地表水渗透参与导致成矿热液物理化条件改变，氧逸度（fo2）升高、pH值降低，从而引起硫同位素强烈分馏形成的，δ34SΣS≈0‰显示成矿物质来源于熊耳群富钾火山岩系。该类型金矿床成矿作用为上升的岩浆地热流与下渗的地表水共同作用形成的浅成低温热液系统成矿，其成因类型属浅成低湿热液富碲（化物）型金矿床。     

Geological Characteristics and Ore‐forming Time of the Dexing Porphyry Copper Ore Mine in Jiangxi Province

The Dexing porphyry copper ore mine is located in the Qin-Hang metallogenic belt between the Yangtze block and the Cathaysia block. It is a giant porphyry copper mine in China, including 3 ore districts: Tongchang, Fujiawu and Zhushahong. Our analyses of Re in molybdenite indicate that the ore-forming material of the copper ore deposits in Dexing should be mainly mantle-derived. Our study fills in a gap in the study of formation time of the Dexing copper mine, and further proves that the copper ore deposits in the three ore districts should be formed simultaneously, about 170 Ma, belonging to the early Yanshan period, and that the formation time of the copper ore deposits should be consistent with the formation time of granodiorite porphyry in which the copper ore deposits are hosted. Promising areas for seeking porphyry copper ore deposits is predicated to be the west or southwest of Dexing.     

西藏洞嘎金矿床地质特征、原位硫同位素组成及成因探讨

洞嘎金矿位于西藏雄村矿集区, 是冈底斯成矿带较早发现且投入开采的金矿, 但研究程度低, 矿床成因存在较大争议。本文通过系统的矿床地质特征研究, 开展了硫化物原位硫同位素测试, 分析成矿物质来源, 进而探讨洞嘎金矿的成因。洞嘎金矿体受控于雄村组凝灰岩中的裂隙系统, 矿体呈脉状产出, 已探获金金属资源量9.55 t, 达到中型规模。矿石构造主要为脉状-细脉状构造, 金主要以包裹金和粒间金的形式赋存于黄铁矿和黄铜矿中。根据脉体穿插关系及矿物共生组合特征, 将洞嘎金矿的成矿过程划分为热液成矿期与表生氧化期, 其中热液成矿期为主成矿期, 可进一步划分为3个成矿阶段: 成矿早阶段、成矿主阶段及成矿晚阶段。洞嘎金矿床硫化物的硫同位素δ34S= –1.57‰~+5.26‰, 平均值+1.69‰, 具明显的塔式分布, 表明硫源具岩浆硫的特点。结合前人已发表的数据, 我们认为洞嘎金矿属于斑岩铜金成矿系统外围的热液脉型金矿床, 深部可能存在斑岩型铜金矿床, 找矿潜力极大。洞嘎金矿的成矿物质来源主要为地幔, 有少量的地壳物质(俯冲沉积物)加入。洞嘎金矿床的金与绿泥石密切相关, 该绿泥石主要为溶蚀-迁移-结晶机制形成, 绿泥石形成过程导致含金热液流体成分及物理化学性质发生改变, 使得成矿流体中的金发生卸载, 最终在凝灰岩的裂隙系统中形成洞嘎金矿床。     

河南银洞坡金矿成矿流体与矿床成因研究

银洞坡金矿位于桐柏县围山城金银矿带的中部,为一超大型金矿床,伴生银、铅锌。对金矿石中主要成矿阶段流体包裹体进行了详细的岩相学、显微测温及激光拉曼光谱成分研究,结果表明：金矿石中发育气液两相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含CO2三相包裹体,流体成分为H2O NaCl CO2体系,含少量N2、CH4、H2S和H2。流体不混溶是导致矿质沉淀的主要因素。3类包裹体的均一温度为1692～3992 ℃,流体盐度为18%～122%,其中含CO2三相包裹体的盐度明显小于气液两相包裹体的盐度。利用不混溶体系估算得到包裹体的捕获压力为62～1263 MPa,成矿深度为52 km左右。矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S为16‰~33‰,围岩中纹层状黄铁矿的δ34S为33‰～62‰,矿石中的δ34S小于围岩中δ34S值,表明成矿物质中的硫可能来源于地幔硫和围岩硫的混合。     

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.     

青海赛什塘铜矿床辉钼矿Re-Os年代学及硫同位素地球化学研究

赛什塘铜矿位于东昆仑多金属成矿带最东端的鄂拉山地区,是青海省重要的矽卡岩型铜矿床之一。本文首次对矽卡岩中的辉钼矿进行了Re-Os定年研究,结合最新获得的不同类型矿石中硫化物硫同位素数据,讨论了成矿时代、矿床成因及成矿动力学背景。结果表明,5件辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄为224.5±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.15),加权平均年龄为223.4±1.5Ma(MSWD=0.65),指示成矿作用发生于晚三叠世;14件硫化物硫同位素δ34SV-CDT值介于-4.6‰~1‰,平均-1.73‰,显示硫主要来源于深源岩浆。赛什塘铜矿床的成矿作用与晚三叠世岩浆活动密切相关,结合矿床地质特征认为其属于典型的矽卡岩型矿床。综合东昆仑带内铜多金属矿床已有年代学资料及区域构造的演化特征,认为鄂拉山地区与东昆仑西段祁漫塔格地区的铜多金属矿床形成于相似的地球动力学背景下,赛什塘铜矿床的形成与古特提斯构造的演化过程中兴海小洋盆闭合后产生的后碰撞背景有关。     

黔东南平秋金矿成因研究:来自氢、氧、硫同位素的制约

黔东南地处江南造山带西南段雪峰隆起西南端,区内金矿床(点)广布,是湘黔金矿集中区的重要组成部分.平秋金矿是该区金矿床的典型代表,其矿体产于下江群番召组浅变质火山-沉积岩,严格受北东向断裂褶皱控制.为理清其成因,对平秋金矿床含矿石英脉中的石英包裹体进行了氢、氧同位素测试.结果显示,其δD为-51.3‰～-59‰,818O...     

In Situ Rb-Sr Dates of Muscovite and Sulfur Isotope of Pyrite from the Yangshan Gold Deposit in Western Qinling,China

Located along the southern part of the West Qinling orogenic belt, the Yangshan gold deposit is one of the largest in China. The major gold ores of Yangshan are disseminated in metasedimentary host rocks with minor native gold amounts in stibnite-gold quartz veins. Pyrite and arsenopyrite are the major Au-bearing minerals. Hydrothermal muscovite from gold-bearing quartz veins was dated using the in situ Rb-Sr method to determine the formation age of the Yangshan gold deposit. The Rb-Sr isochron ...     

鄂东南地区鸡笼山矽卡岩金矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其构造意义

鄂东南地区是我国长江中下游Cu-Au-Fe-Mo成矿带中最重要的组成部分之一,其中鸡笼山金矿是是区内典型的大型矽卡岩金矿床。本文利用Re-Os同位素定年方法对鸡笼山金矿床进行了成矿时代测定,获得了辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄范围为147.7±2.4~151.6±4.0Ma,等时线年龄为148.6±1.5Ma,与矿区内花岗闪长斑岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄151.6±0.7Ma相吻合,也与鄂东南地区其他矿田的成矿时代基本一致。鸡笼山矽卡岩金矿床可能形成于岩石圈伸展构造背景。硫同位素值为-2.5‰~5.5‰,均值为2.84‰,具有明显的塔式效应,反映了成矿物质具有岩浆来源的特征;辉钼矿中Re含量为174.3×10-6~871.4×10-6,平均为476.2×10-6,表明成矿物质来源属于壳幔混源型。     

吉林长安堡钼(铜)矿床成矿时代及物质来源:来自辉钼矿Re-Os同位素证据

吉林省中东部地区地处中国东北部陆缘、兴蒙造山带的东段,目前已探明大中型钼矿床十余座,矿床类型有斑岩型、矽卡岩型和石英脉型。长安堡斑岩型钼(铜)矿床是吉林中部地区新发现的一座大型斑岩型矿床,成矿年代学研究工作至今尚未开展。本文在矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对矿区辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素体系的定年研究,获得辉钼矿模式年龄值为167.3±2.4~168.7±2.4 Ma,加权平均值为168.0±1.0 Ma(MSWD=0.16),等时线年龄为168.0±6.2 Ma(MSWD=0.42),表明长安堡钼(铜)矿床形成于中侏罗世,属中国北方燕山期大规模钼成矿期成矿,结合已发表的钼矿床高精度年代学数据,认为吉林中东部地区的钼成矿作用发生在早-中侏罗世(167~196 Ma)。矿区辉钼矿的Re含量介于25.17~34.80μg/g,平均值为29.54μg/g,指示了成矿物质具有壳幔混源、且更偏壳源特征,为准确认识该矿床的成矿物质来源提供了进一步的制约。这些成果对于研究吉林地区钼矿资源的成矿规律提供了科学依据。     

Geochronology of the Xiaodonggou Porphyry Mo Deposit in Northern Margin of North China Craton

The Xiaodonggou porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Mesozoic calc-alkaline Xiaodonggou granitoid within a Palaeozoic fold zone of northern China. The mineralization mainly occurred in an area of 0.54 km² at the south-eastern part of the Xiaodonggou granitoid. The mineralization includes disseminated molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite and pyrrhotite and stockwork quartz-sulfide veins. A molybdenite-rich inner core is surrounded by a concentric zone of the sulfide mineral assemblage of pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Intense potassic alteration is overprinted by sericitization and silicification in the mineralized zone. SHRIMP U-Pb data of zircon indicate that the granitoid crystallized at 142 ± 2 Ma (2σ). Re–Os age dating for six molybdenite samples from underground galleries of the deposit constrains the age of porphyry-style Mo mineralization to be 138.1 ± 2.8 Ma (2σ). These data suggest that porphyry-style mineralization was associated with the Xiaodonggou granitoid intrusion and support an Early Cretaceous porphyry-type metallogenic epoch along the northern margin of North China Craton.     

河南桐柏县破山银矿和银洞坡金矿的硫同位素研究

河南桐柏县围山城金银成矿带的破山银矿和银洞坡金矿位于河前庄背斜的轴部和两翼,围岩为歪头山岩组,矿体受地层和构造的双重控制。两个矿床的矿石硫同位素δ34S值变化范围很窄,位于-1.8‰～5.3‰之间,具塔式效应,与围岩的硫同位素组成类似,具有深源硫的特征,由混合总体筛分可推测围岩提供了大部分硫源,破山银矿δ34S∑S为2.8‰左右。同时赋矿围岩的Au、Ag含量远远高于地壳丰度,因此可推断成矿物质主要来源于围岩歪头山岩组。     

粤西河台金矿床富硫化物含金石英脉锆石U-Pb 测年及成矿意义

河台金矿是一个强烈受韧性剪切带控制的金矿床,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段,形成的矿石有蚀变糜棱岩型和富硫化物石英脉型.富硫化物含金石英脉中单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素测年显示早加里东期是河台金矿床主成矿期,成矿年龄为492±16Ma;矿区燕山期伍村花岗岩的单颗粒锆石年龄为153.6±2.1Ma;结合已有的同位素资料,认为河台金矿床是华南加里东期构造-变质-岩浆作用及成矿作用的一个组成部分,是一个早加里东期造山作用同期的造山带型金矿床,并可能有燕山期的热液叠加成矿作用.     

河北金厂峪金矿床辉钼矿与金矿化关系研究及意义

辉钼矿Re-Os测年方法现已广泛应用于各类金属硫化物矿床成矿年代学研究领域, 已成为石英脉型金矿床实现直接、准确定年的重要手段。然而, 正确理解辉钼矿与金成矿作用之间的确切关系, 选取具有代表性的辉钼矿样品是测年的前提。本文聚焦冀东地区规模最大的金矿床——金厂峪金矿床, 对其石英-钠长石-多金属硫化物脉中的黄铁矿和辉钼矿两者的产出状态及原位微量元素特征进行了详尽的对比, 研究探讨了金厂峪金矿床中辉钼矿与金矿化之间的关系。研究发现石英-钠长石-多金属硫化物脉含金丰富, 可见金和不可见金均大量赋存, 黄铁矿和辉钼矿均为重要的载金硫化物。镜下矿相学及原位微量元素证据表明, 早期形成的含金黄铁矿经历了再活化过程, 为稍晚形成的富金辉钼矿提供了大量的Au源, 两者可能为同一大的金成矿事件下不同成矿流体脉冲事件的产物。辉钼矿形成于金厂峪金矿的主成矿阶段, 与Au的二次浓集紧密相关, 并可作为高品位金矿体的标志性矿物之一。本文认为在准确厘定辉钼矿与金矿化关系的基础上, 辉钼矿Re-Os方法是一种可靠的石英脉型金矿直接定年手段。     

甘肃党河南山某金矿碲化物的发现及其成因探讨

利用电子探针显微分析技术首次在甘肃党河南山某金矿中发现了碲金银矿、碲银矿、碲金矿、碲铅矿、碲铋矿等碲化物。通过电子探针显微图像观察, 发现研究区碲化物均较为细小, 赋存状态多以独立矿物形式存在, 无连生、交生现象, 但空间上与黄铁矿关系密切, 多被黄铁矿包裹或产于黄铁矿、石英粒间和黄铁矿裂隙。根据不同碲化物与黄铁矿之间的共生组合关系, 推测其形成顺序为碲金矿→碲金银矿→碲铅矿→碲铋矿→碲银矿。依据碲化物矿物组合特征及成矿温度, 对其形成时fTe2与fS2进行了限定, lgfTe2范围为-15.2~>-11.2, lgfS2范围为-16.7~-14.4。并认为金矿中Au、Te来源与加里东期埃达克质斜长花岗岩体有较大联系, 可能为俯冲板片部分熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆与地幔楔相互作用, 将成矿元素富集后带入近地表形成含碲化物的金矿床。     

北京市得田沟金矿床碲矿物系列的研究

北京市得田沟金矿床是受韧性剪切带控制的金－黄铁矿－多金属硫化物石英脉型金矿床。笔者通过研究发现该矿床中的碲已达工业品位。     

黑龙江金厂金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

通过对矿体围岩花岗闪长岩、花岗斑岩类和隐爆角砾岩筒控矿-容矿构造及矿石组分的研究,将金厂矿床金矿化类型分为破碎蚀变岩型、裂隙充填型和角砾岩型;对矿物学和同位素地球化学的研究结果表明,成矿物质主要来源于深部(岩浆源),在成矿作用早期阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆水,晚期阶段有部分大气水的加入.金厂金矿床是中生代火山-次火山活动的产物,矿床属浅成低温岩浆期后热液型金矿床.     

黑龙江金厂金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

通过对矿体围岩花岗闪长岩，花岗斑岩类和隐爆角砾岩筒控矿－容矿构造及矿石组分的研究，将金厂矿床金矿化类型分为破碎蚀变岩型，裂隙充填型和角砾岩型；对矿物学和同位素地球化学的研究结果表明，成矿物质主要来源于深部（岩浆源），在成矿作用早期阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆水，晚期阶段有部分大气水的加入，金厂金矿床是中生代火山－次火山活动的产物，矿床属浅成温岩浆期后热液型金矿床。     

鲁西铜石地区碲型金矿床中碲化物特征及其成矿机制研究

为探讨鲁西铜石地区归来庄金矿和卓家庄金矿的成矿物质来源及成矿机制,利用显微镜和电子探针对矿石中典型碲化物矿物进行了分析研究。结果显示,碲化物矿物主要为自然碲和碲银矿,其次是针碲金银矿、AgAu_2Te_6、含银自然金和碲铅矿,初步认为AgAu_2Te_6为新矿物。针碲金银矿、AgAu_2Te_6、部分碲银矿、含银自然金可能是在非平衡状态下快速沉淀而成,与含矿流体的间歇性沸腾作用有关。碲化物的沉淀顺序反映了其各自熔化温度的差异,说明熔点高的碲化物将优先沉淀。矿床成矿热液具有多来源性,可能存在含Au、Ag流体和Te流体,二者在一定的条件下发生不混溶;流体沸腾作用可能是导致碲化物和金等成矿物质快速沉淀的主要机制。     

Genesis of Kanggur Gold Deposit in Eastern Tianshan Orogenic Belt, NW China: Fluid Inclusion and Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Constraints

Abstract. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonates from the Kanggur gold deposit are dominated by aqueous inclusions, with subsidiary CO₂-H₂O inclusions that have a constant range in CO₂ content (10–20 vol %). Microthermometric results indicate that total homogenization temperatures have a wide but similar range for both aqueous inclusions (120 to 310C) and CO₂-H₂O inclusions (140 to 340C). Estimates of fluid salinity for CO₂-H₂O inclusions are quite restricted (5.9∼10.3 equiv. wt% NaCl), whereas aqueous inclusions show much wider salinity ranging from 2.2 to 15.6 equivalent wt %NaCl.
The 6D values of fluid inclusions in carbonates vary from -45 to -61 %, in well accord with the published δD values of fluid inclusions in quartz (-46 to -66 %). Most of the δ¹⁸O and δD values of the ore-forming fluids can be achieved by exchanged meteoric water after isotopic equilibration with wall rock by fluid/rock interaction at a low water/rock ratio. However, the exchanged meteoric water alone cannot explain the full range of δ¹⁸O and δD values, magmatic and/or meta-morphic water should also be involved. The wide salinity in aqueous inclusions may also result from mixing of meteoric water and magmatic and/or metamorphic water.