防震减灾宣传政策的形成及作用

本文通过对大量文件和实例的分析，对防震减灾宣传政策的提出背景，形成和发展的历史，宣传及其政策在防震减灾事业和社会发展中的地位与作用等问题进行了初步研究。     

新时代市、县地震台网工作发展的思考

市、县管理的地震台网数量大,曾经为减轻地震灾害,促进防震减灾事业发展做出过历史贡献。近年来市、县地震台网的发展速度缓慢,落后于行业发展,暴露出定位不清、效率低下和认识有偏倚的问题。本文以扬州市地震台网中心为例,通过归纳比较2019年机构改革前后面临的有利形势和不利局面,结合防震减灾事业现代化发展的目标任务,从自身认识定位、工作贯彻执行、各方关系协调和科学认识改革发展等4个方面提出促进工作发展的思考和建议。     

地震科技信息中项目档案管理的实践与思考

地震档案工作是防震减灾事业的重要组成部分.中国地震局系统形成的各类档案,记录了防震减灾工作重大事件和重要决策的始末原委,记录了几代人的成功经验和教训,是防震减灾事业历史进程的真实轨迹.中国地震台网中心历来重视项目档案的收集整理工作,要求重点项目形成的文件在归档前,按档案管理的要求,由文件形成单位进行整理组卷.     

电子政务在新疆防震减灾事业中的应用现状及建议

随着中国地震局“十五”数字地震观测网络项目的建设完成,新疆维吾尔自治区地震局在网络信道和软件系统方面都对现有系统进行了重新设计和建设,新疆地震局电子政务系统各项硬件条件已经具备,如何发挥这些已经建成的各项电子政务系统的作用,已经成为急待解决的问题。本文中从电子政务组成及发展趋势、电子政务在防震减灾工作中的作用、电子政务在新疆防震减灾事业中的应用现状和对本单位电子政务的几点设想与建议几个方面,就电子政务建设如何促进防震减灾事业发展进行了分析和讨论。     

社区防震减灾模式的刍议

社区是城市的重要组成单元,社区防震减灾能力的提高对于推进城市防震减灾事业具有重要作用。社区防震减灾能力的提高依赖于地震科学,社会科学和经济科学的交叉发展。本文结合沈阳市防震减灾日城市社区宣传活动和问卷调查结果分析了目前城市防震减灾工作上的存在的问题,针对这些问题进行了探索和研究,提出了“社区防震模式”的一些新的理念和相应的一些工作方法,可以看出推进“社区防震减灾”工作有利于地震部门更好的服务社会,有助于推动全社会防震减灾事业的进一步发展。     

建设地震专业数字化图书馆的问题与对策

数字化图书馆突破了时空限制，使图书馆的知识管理与服务更加方便快捷。地震专业图书馆是我国防震减灾事业发展的重要知识支撑，建设地震专业数字图书馆是我国防震减灾事业创新与发展的客观要求。但在地震专业图书馆的数字化进程中，应从防震减灾事业发展的实际需要出发，量力而行，防止盲目性，把握规律性，要有重点的建好特色资源数据库。     

汶川地震给地方防震减灾工作的几点启示

通过全方位考察汶川8.0级地震重灾区, 从进一步加强地方防震减灾工作的角度科学总结抗震救灾的经验教训, 并结合广西经济建设和社会发展实际及区情、 民情和防震减灾事业发展现状, 从如何实现防震减灾与经济建设协调发展的层面, 提出了九点启示。     

论四川防震减灾工作为实施西部大开发战略服务

充分认识四川防震减灾工作在实施西部大开发战略中的地位与作用,找准切入点,努力为实施西部大开发战略做贡献;培育生长点,为实施西部大开发战略服务,促进四川防震减灾事业和地震工作的发展;解放思想,深化改革,为服务于西部大开发战略创造条件。     

以科学发展观为指导发展山西防震减灾事业

叙述了科学发展观的基本内涵以及新形势下发展防震减灾事业的要求，指出了贯彻科学发展观，努力发展山西防震减灾事业的具体措施及重要意义。     

网络社会心理对防震减灾信息工程建设影响及对策研究

网络信息技术的发展促进了网络社会的形成和发展,网络社会新的特点和运作方式使社会心理因素呈现多元化和复杂化,本文探讨了网络社会心理对防震减灾信息工程建设影响,提出了网络社会防震减灾信息工程建设工作机制及创新思路.     

Temporal variations and scaling of streamflow and baseflow and their nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and loads

The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle.     

燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究

为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。     

东、南洞庭湖的径流、泥沙特征及冲淤规律

通过实地调查并对1957年以来水文、泥沙观测资料做系统分析和计算,探讨东、南洞庭湖出、入湖水量、沙量的年际和年内变化特征,以及长江下荆江段裁弯对湖区径流和泥沙的影响。提出了湖区泥沙汛淤枯冲的变化规律及水位升降与湖区泥沙冲淤的关系;论证了丰、平、枯年湖区淤积严重,面积日益缩小对径流的调节作用正在减弱。     

GIS与防灾减灾

地理信息系统(GIS)在我国已得到广泛的应用。在简要介绍G1S的发展历程、特点和发展趋势的基础上，重点从防灾减灾的角度介绍了GIS在气象灾害、地震灾害、地质灾害等领域的应用成果。     

Assessing Groundwater Depletion and Dynamics Using GRACE and InSAR: Potential and Limitations

In the last decade, remote sensing of the temporal variation of ground level and gravity has improved our understanding of groundwater dynamics and storage. Mass changes are measured by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, whereas ground deformation is measured by processing synthetic aperture radar satellites data using the InSAR (Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques. Both methods are complementary and offer different sensitivities to aquifer system processes. GRACE is sensitive to mass changes over large spatial scales (more than 100,000 km²). As such, it fails in providing groundwater storage change estimates at local or regional scales relevant to most aquifer systems, and at which most groundwater management schemes are applied. However, InSAR measures ground displacement due to aquifer response to fluid‐pressure changes. InSAR applications to groundwater depletion assessments are limited to aquifer systems susceptible to measurable deformation. Furthermore, the inversion of InSAR‐derived displacement maps into volume of depleted groundwater storage (both reversible and largely irreversible) is confounded by vertical and horizontal variability of sediment compressibility. During the last decade, both techniques have shown increasing interest in the scientific community to complement available in situ observations where they are insufficient. In this review, we present the theoretical and conceptual bases of each method, and present idealized scenarios to highlight the potential benefits and challenges of combining these techniques to remotely assess groundwater storage changes and other aspects of the dynamics of aquifer systems.     

Correlation of foreshocks and aftershocks and asperities

A close correlation in spatial distribution of local seismic activity and energy release patterns before and after the 1979 Petatlan, Mexico earthquake suggests heterogeneity within the fault plane of this major low-angle thrust event associated with subduction along the Middle America Trench. A simple two-asperity model is proposed to account for the complexity. Foreshocks and aftershocks of the neighboring 1981 Playa Azul earthquake showed a similar pattern. As both events occurred at the junction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and the Middle America Trench, we speculate that the observed complex fault plane is caused by subduction of the rugged ocean floor of the Orozco Fracture Zone. Short-term precursory seismicity prior to the Petatlan earthquake can be explained by using the asperity model and migration of a slip front from the south-east to the north-west across the main shock source region.