从鲜水河断裂带演化史谈鲜水河雁行式断裂带与地震活动的关系

鲜水河断裂带,有一线贯穿与雁行式排列两种划法,亦有广义与狭义两种概念之分。广义的鲜水河断裂带北西起于甘孜东谷,向南东延经朱倭、炉霍、道孚、乾宁、康定、磨西,达于石棉以远;而狭义的鲜水河断裂带限于东谷至道孚间一段,它的南东     

鲜水河断裂带地震活动特征的统计分析

鲜水河断裂带,北起炉霍侏倭以北,南端延伸过康定后折向石棉与安宁河断裂带相接,全长300余公里,总体呈北55°西方向展布。根据《四川地震资料汇编》(以下简称《汇编》)第二卷中的四川强震简目统计,自公元前26年至1979年5月,四川全省共发生M≥4.7级地震274次,其中M≥7级强震16次。而鲜水河断裂M≥4.7级地震约70次,占全省地震的     

青藏高原隆起与鲜水河断裂带的地震活动

人们普遍认为,构造地震常常发生在断裂的拐弯、交叉和端点部位,而大家熟知的鲜水河断裂带,地震十分活跃,却是一条走向比较稳定的以扭性为主的断层。这就不能不引起人们的疑问:这里的地震活动同构造之间究竟存在什么样的关系?有什么样的特征?具什么样的规律?     

鲜水河活动断裂带地震地质研究的新进展

鲜水河断裂带是我国西部著名的断裂之一。通过对鲜水断裂带所进行的１／５万地质填图及相应的工作，对该断裂带的演化历史。组合形成，分段性和各段的活动习性，古地震与历史地震的复发间隔等方面的研究，都取得了新的进展。     

鲜水河断裂带的地震模拟

本文运用由弹簧—滑块模型来模拟走滑断层的地震活动,讨论了模型中断层强度、断层滑块间弹簧强度、滑块与驱动盘之间片簧强度、滑块摩擦力的影响,以及初始条件敏感性。并以我国最为典型的一条走滑断层———鲜水河断裂带为例,运用试错法调整模型参数以使发生的地震最大限度地逼近实际发生的地震,并利用最终结果讨论了鲜水河断裂带今后的活动性。     

鲜水河断裂带的地震迁移

本文用有限元方法研究了鲜水河断裂带的地震迁移,分析了炉霍7.9级地震和道孚6.9级地震迁移过程中应力、应变能和安全度G值的变化及其与未来地震危险地段的关系。计算结果表明该断裂带未来地震危险地段为“道孚—乾宁”。     

康定地震前后鲜水河断裂带活动速率研究

鲜水河断裂带处于青藏高原东南缘的四川西部,具备活动剧烈、地震频率高的特性.根据鲜水河断裂带2013-2014年和2014-2015年的流动重力观测资料,基于经典位错理论,本文采用蚁群算法反演了康定地震前后鲜水河断裂带的活动速率,得到的主要结论有:(1)鲜水河断裂带主要以左旋走滑为主,滑动速率由北西段到南东段逐渐减小;(2)康定地震前鲜水河断裂带南东段为正断层,但震后表现为逆断层,原因可能是该地震改变了短期内断层活动形式;(3)地震发生后,该断裂带的滑动速率依然很大,可能表明该地区应变能没有得到全部释放,地震危险性依然存在.     

鲜水河断裂带和圣安德烈斯断裂带地震活动特征的对比研究

一、前言鲜水河断裂带是强震特别频繁、断层标志清晰、新构造运动强烈的一条大断裂带。现在,它已经成为国内关注的活断层之一。不过,它的研究工作的深度和广度还不及圣安德烈斯断层。为了深入研究该断层有关的一系列问题,本文把它与圣安德烈斯大断层进行对比,以期在研究中获得某些有益的启示,提出一些新的看法。     

鲜水河断裂带强震的破裂过程与地震活动

鲜水河断裂带是我国西南地区地震活动最强烈的断裂带。本文通过研究发生在断裂带上强震的震源机制、震源过程、余震分布、地震迁移并结合宏观等震线、地震裂缝分布等资料,研究强震破裂过程与地震活动的关系。研究结果表明:1.鲜水河断裂带的基本破裂方式是左旋走向滑动,强震的压应力主轴存在一致性较好的优势方向,即北东东-南西西方向,且均接近水平。2.用P波频谱及面波方向性函数等研究结果表明,除北西段及南东段几个地震外,七级以上地震及多数六——七级地震的破裂面均为北西向,与鲜水河断裂带的总体走向基本一致。3.1890年以来,鲜水河断裂带强震破裂面展布及1955年以来3.0级以上地震震中分布图表明,在道孚——乾宁间存在的破裂面空段(长约10多km)比1955年以来3.0级以上地震活动缺震段(长约40km)明显的短,这表明1890年乾宁地震破裂面在近期有所愈合。这个缺震段的长度约相当七级左右地震的破裂长度。4.自1890年以来,带上发生的四个七级以上地震有两头迁移的特点。考虑到最后一次七级地震是1973年的炉霍地震,估计下次七级地震的位置在南东段,且在道孚——乾宁间的可能性最大。      

鲜水河断裂带在虾拉沱附近的现今活动特征

本文利用虾拉沱跨断层测量资料,通过必要的数学处理,分析了鲜水河断裂带在该处的总体活动趋势和年周期变化,研究了断层活动在主破裂带及其两侧的分布情况,提出了一个该处断层活动模型     

LATE-QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE YALAHE FAULT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE,EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBET PLATEAU

Complex geometrical structures on strike-slip faults would likely affect fault behavior such as strain accumulation and distribution, seismic rupture process, etc. The Xianshuihe Fault has been considered to be a Holocene active strike-slip fault with a high horizontal slip rate along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. During the past 300 years, the Xianshuihe Fault produced 8 earthquakes with magnitude≥7 along the whole fault and showed strong activities of large earthquakes. Taking the Huiyuansi Basin as a structure boundary, the northwestern and southeastern segments of the Xianshuihe Fault show different characteristics. The northwestern segment, consisting of the Luhuo, Daofu and Qianning sections, shows a left-stepping en echelon pattern by simple fault strands. However, the southeastern segment(Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)has a complex structure and is divided into three sub-faults: the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. To the south of Kangding County, the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault shows a simple structure. The previous studies suggest that the three sub-faults(the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)unevenly distribute the strain of the northwestern segment of the Xianshuihe Fault. However, the disagreement of the new activity of the Yalahe Fault limits the understanding of the strain distribution model of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment. Most scholars believed that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault. However, Zhang et al.(2017)used low-temperature thermochronology to study the cooling history of the Gongga rock mass, and suggested that the Yalahe Fault is now inactive and the latest activity of the Xianshuihe Fault has moved westward over the Selaha Fault. The Yalahe Fault is the only segment of the Xianshuihe Fault that lacks records of the strong historical earthquakes. Moreover, the Yalahe Fault is located in the alpine valley area, and the previous traffic conditions were very bad. Thus, the previous research on fault activity of the fault relied mainly on the interpretation of remote sensing, and the uncertainty was relatively large. Through remote sensing and field investigation, we found the geological and geomorphological evidence for Holocene activity of the Yalahe Fault. Moreover, we found a well-preserved seismic surface rupture zone with a length of about 10km near the Yariacuo and the co-seismic offsets of the earthquake are about 2.5~3.5m. In addition, we also advance the new active fault track of the Yalahe Fault to Yala Town near Kangding County. In Wangmu and Yala Town, we found the geological evidence for the latest fault activity that the Holocene alluvial fans were dislocated by the fault. These evidences suggest that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault, and has the seismogenic tectonic condition to produce a large earthquake, just like the Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. These also provide seismic geological evidence for the strain distribution model of the Kangding-Huiyuansi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault.     

鲜水河断裂带炉霍段的水平运动及地震的重复性研究

本文讨论了鲜水河活动断裂带炉霍段的水平断错、古地震遗迹与地震重复间隔等问题。晚更新世以来断裂的平均滑动速率为13毫米/年。全新世中期以来大震的重复间隔时间小于600年     

郯庐断裂带池河段的新活动

对郯庐断裂带池河段进行了遥感影像判读,地震地质实地调查,钻孔探测资料分析,样品采集测试,以及结合地震活动特征分析和微观构造解析. 结果表明,郯庐断裂带池河段晚第四纪期间仍具有粘蠕滑交替的变形活动,最新活动方式以蠕滑活动为主.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE

In order to analyze 3-dimensional movement and deformation characteristics and seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone, we inverted for dynamic fault locking and slip deficit rate of the fault using the GPS horizontal velocity field of 1999-2007 and 2013-2017 in Sichuan-Yunnan region, and calculated annual vertical change rate to analyze the vertical deformation characteristics of the fault using the cross-fault leveling data during 1980-2017 locating on the Xianshuihe fault. The GPS inversion results indicate that in 1999-2007, the southeastern segment of the fault is tightly locked, the middle segment is less locked, and the northwestern segment is basically in creeping state. In 2013-2017, the southeastern segment of the fault is obviously weekly locked, in which only a patch between Daofu-Bamei is locked, and the northwestern segment is still mostly in creeping state, in which only a patch at southeastern Luhuo is slightly locked from surface to 10km depth. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate of the Zhuwo, Gelou, Xuxu and Goupu sites on the northwestern segment is larger, which means vertical movement is relatively active, and annual vertical change rate of the Longdengba, Laoqianning, and Zheduotang sites on the southeastern segment is small, which means the fault is locked, and the vertical movement changes little before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. Combining with the 3-dimensional movement and deformation, seismic activity and Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe Fault, we consider the seismic risk of the southeastern segment is larger, and the Wenchuan earthquake reduced the far-field sinistral movement and the fault slip deficit rate, which may reduce the stress and strain accumulation rate and relieve the seismic risk of the southeastern segment.     

鲜水河断裂带地震活动特征及强震发生随时间增长概率

作者等仔细分析了鲜水河断裂带从１７２５年到现在的地震资料，并利用乌莫洛夫Ｔ─Ｓ、Ｍ为参数的作图法及强震发生随时间增长概率，绘制了地震活动图件及地震发生概率曲线以及Ｍ─Ｔ图和鲜水河断裂应变释放曲线。根据这些资料可以清楚地看出鲜水河断裂带自１７２５年到现在可分为两个大的活动周期，其中６．０级以上地震有由康定依次向甘孜迁移的特点。在每一个大的地震活动周期中，地震基本上两次重复由康定向甘孜迁移的过程，而且较强地震多发生在第二次迁移过程中，１９８２年甘孜地震标志着断裂带在第二幕地震活动高潮中，中强震已经完成了最后一次由断裂带东南端向西北端迁移的过程。同时考虑到断裂带应变释放曲线的特征，估计鲜水河断裂带目前已进入新的平静阶段。前两个大的活动周期之间，平静了近一个世纪。按历史上地震定向迁移规律，估计在新的活动期地震仍将从康定方向开始，逐步向甘孜发展。     

鲜水河断裂带上的应变积累与释放

地震过程是地壳介质应变的积累与释放的过程。地应变的积累与释放往往集中在地壳介质的软弱部位——断层活动带上重复进行,并以复杂而有规律的介质弹、塑性变形方式传递到地表,使我们能用重复的大地测量方法检测出来。 现今活动强烈的鲜水河断裂带,其频繁的地震活动和断层蠕动,为这种监测、研究提供了良好的场所。1960年以来,沿断裂展布方向布测有甘孜—道孚—塔公Ⅰ等测角、测     

FAULT ROCKS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE KANGDING-MOXI FAULT ZONE

Mylonite,cataclasite and especially fault rocks subjected to both mylonitization and cata-clasis widely developed along the Kangding-Moxi fault zone.A mylonite zone has formed as a result of ductile shearing in early stage.In later stage brittle fracturing has occurred along this mylonite zone,accompanied by the formation of the present Kangding-Moxi fault zone.Later on,ductile shearing and multiperiods of brittle fracturing occurred along the fault zone.Differential stress magnitude d     

鲜水河断裂带上特征地震的初步研究

特征地震是大地震原地重复的重要表现形式.现有资料的初步研究表明,鲜水河断裂带上大地震属特征地震模式,其地震破裂长度、同震位错量以及断层错动方式,在原地保持较长时间的一致性.由于大地震屡屡在原地重复发生,沿断裂特定地段累积位错分布与一次地震的位错相一致,从而导致断层滑动速率的同步变化.本文以1973年炉霍地震为例,研究了鲜水河断裂的特征地震现象.该段的地震活动属特征地震模式,不服从古登堡-里克特的线性震级频度关系.特征地震不仅对断错地貌、滑动速率有重要的影响,由于这种地震模式是以特定震级的大地震为主导,几乎没有中等震级地震发生,这对地震活动性研究也具有重要的意义.      

西秦岭北缘断裂带新活动特征

在本文中，作者在近几年进行的大比例尺活断层地质填图工作的基础上，介绍了西秦岭北缘断裂带晚第四纪以来活动的基本待征，研究了该断裂带的空间展布情况、几何学和运动学特征、断层活动速率、古地震与地震重复周期等。结果表明，该断裂带自第四纪以来由压性逐渐演变为左旋扭动，其水平滑动速率为２．１－２．８ｍｍ／年，垂直滑动速率为０．４－０．７ｍｍ／年，地震复发周期约为５０００年。