海洋数据挖掘技术应用研究

在研究中外数据挖掘技术在海洋应用的现状和进展的基础上,结合海洋数据特点及应用需求,提出了海洋数据挖掘技术应用模式,并介绍了基于计算机技术、数据库技术、GIS 技术的海洋数据挖掘应用系统的主要功能和系统架构.最后通过对赤潮预测的数据挖掘应用分析,验证了系统应用的科学合理性.     

海洋地质数据挖掘系统研发及在海山年龄预测中的应用

利用数据挖掘技术分析海洋地质调查数据，以获取其中隐藏信息，对推进海洋地质数据的科学高效利用具有重要意义。在模块化设计原则下，利用Python语言开发海洋地质数据挖掘相关的核心功能，利用WinForm搭建人机交互界面，并通过参数交互的方式实现了界面和后台功能间的互动。基于综合地质地球物理资料，利用软件预测了太平洋海山年龄。预测结果精度高于利用传统克里金插值方法所得结果的精度。应用结果表明，所开发软件的数据预处理、指标分析、综合评价等功能具有很好的实用性。     

面向表层海水温度的时空数据挖掘研究

长序列的表层海水温度(SST)数据既有时序特征又有明显的空间特征,是典型的时空数据。目前对该类数据的分析挖掘一般采用单纯的时间或者空间方法进行,不能很好地顾及时空数据的时空耦合、时空相关与时空异质特征。时空聚类分析是时空数据挖掘领域中的热点问题,对于揭示时空数据的发展变化趋势和规律具有重要意义。利用Arcgis、时空统计学、智能计算等工具对表层海水温度进行时空聚类分析,尝试对东海区40余个海洋点2008-2015年的月均表层水温数据进行时空数据挖掘以验证时空聚类方法的可行性和有效性。     

大数据时代海域综合数据挖掘分析技术探讨

海域综合大数据挖掘技术是新时代海域综合管理的重要发展方向。本文主要对海域大数据的数据挖掘分析技术进行了探讨,阐述了大数据及海域综合数据挖掘的相关概念及特征,以及海域综合数据挖掘分析中常用的方法及挖掘处理过程。最后探讨了基于Map Reduce的海域综合数据挖掘平台的系统架构,为后期实际开展工作奠定了技术基础。     

大辽河口水生态系统服务功能重要性评价

为了维护大辽河口水生态系统的生态功能,实现区域的可持续发展,建立了大辽河口水生态系统功能重要性评价指标体系。运用指标体系评价和专家打分的方法,将研究区划分为低、较低、一般、较高、高5个功能等级.首先对大辽河口的水生态系统单项功能进行评价,然后采用权重加和的方法进行功能重要性的综合评价。最后应用ArcGis软件对结果进行了空间分析。评价结果表明,整个研究区域的水生态系统功能重要性比较高,在空间分布上呈现显著的差异性,其中较高和高级别的区域占据整个研究区域的44.9%。     

多波束数据处理系统技术研究

针对当前多波束测深数据成果现状,探讨以Oracle 9i数据库为基础,搭建ArcGIS 8.3的SDE为空间数据引擎的多波束水深空间数据库,结合ComGIS技术开发多波束数据处理系统。系统功能包括测深数据的输入、管理、分析、显示、制图和绘图输出,改变了一般基于文件方式的多波束水深数据处理方式,成功的将空间数据库技术融入系统中,并有效运用了ComGIS开发系统前端平台,丰富了系统功能,具有一定的参考价值。     

基于ArcObjects的地形三维可视化分析系统的研制

利用ESRI公司的ArcObjects组件工具和可视化开发语言的集成二次开发方式，开发出了基于ArcObjects的地形三维可视化分析系统。既充分利用了ArcGIS专业工具软件强大的空间数据库管理功能和三维空间分析功能，又利用其他可视化开发语言具有的高效、方便等编程特点，大大提高了应用系统的开发效率和技术水平。     

地理信息系统在渤海湾水体富营养化研究中的应用

一般的关系型数据库处理近岸海域富营养化监测数据时难以同时管理数据的空间属性和一般属性,且不具有对数据进行空间分析的能力。文中以A rcG IS地理信息系统为数据管理平台,克服了一般数据库的上述缺陷。文章以渤海湾水体富营养化研究为实例,应用A rcG IS地理信息系统自身的功能对监测数据进行了空间分布特性和时间变化趋势分析及水体营养状况的评价,取得了较满意的结果。     

基于分层模式的随钻地震数据处理软件系统体系结构研究

针对目前国内随钻地震数据处理技术研究的需求,提出了基于分层模式的随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明,并给出系统实现。该系统集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有意义。     

粉砂淤泥质海岸开敞航道淤积模式探讨

粉砂淤泥质海岸开挖的开敞航道,普遍存在淤积问题,而且在风暴浪作用过后,经常出现泥沙大量骤淤现象．根据已有的研究成果,指出航道淤积除存在悬移质淤积、推移质淤积、层移质淤积外,还有泥沙流滑淤积、航道侧面土体滑坡淤积2种方式,并概念性地分析了粉砂淤泥质海岸航道淤积．在常浪状况下,主要为“悬移质＋推移质＋层移质”的淤积组合模式;在风暴浪状况下,主要为“悬移质＋推移质＋层移质＋泥沙流滑＋航道侧面土体滑坡”的淤积组合模式。     

海洋微塑料检测技术研究进展

海洋微塑料污染目前已成为全球性的环境问题,近年来海洋微塑料检测技术越来越受到人们的关注。本文简要总结了微塑料样品采集及处理方法,并从检测方法的角度系统综述了近些年来微塑料检测技术的研究进展,涉及目视分析法、光谱法(如傅立叶变换红外光谱法和拉曼光谱法)、热分析法以及其他分析方法等(如质谱法以及扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪联用法)。本文简要评价了各类检测方法的优缺点,以期为海洋微塑料检测技术的发展提供参考,并探讨了未来海洋微塑料检测技术的发展方向。     

并矢相关谱分析方法在非线性资料分析中的应用

本文利用到率并矢相关谱估计方法,对青岛月平均气温（1896年1月—1992年12月）足赤道局部地区日表层水温（0°±0．5°S,165°±0．5°E;1986年12月6日—1991年11月16日）进行了谱分析,结果表明：青岛气温除具有1年周期的主频振荡和二倍峰频处0．5年周期二阶非线性耦合效应外,还隐含有2年周期的低频耦合振荡及0．4年周期的高频耦合振荡;赤道局部地区日表层水温含有90天,63天,50天,40天和29天等几个主要的低频周期振荡。     

Sampling effort required to recover the main gradients in marine benthic species composition

Marine benthic surveys and monitoring programs may have several goals. When the aim of such studies is to reveal and describe gradients in species composition, the gain in ecological insight achieved by the study depends on how well the spatial variability of species’ occurrence and abundance within the study area is covered by the sampling design. The common practice in such programs is to collect four or five grab samples from each visited site to capture the site's species composition. The rationale for this practice is based on the aim of capturing a large proportion of species at a specific site (i.e. point). We argue that this practice has been established without taking Iterative approaches into account, such as decreasing the sampling effort at each site and instead increase the number of sites visited. The collection and processing of data from marine sediment ecosystems are time‐consuming and, thus, expensive. Therefore, finding the optimal trade‐off between the number of sites visited and the number of samples per site is important. We examined this trade‐off by exploring how reduction of sampling effort per site affects the stability and recovery of gradients in species composition of marine benthic macrofauna. Our full data set consisted of four grab samples from each of 28 sites from the inner part of the Oslofjord, SE Norway. Procrustes analysis and calculation of Kendall's rank correlation coefficients showed that the main gradient in species composition extracted by detrended correspondence analysis of data sets with reduced per‐site sampling effort closely resembled the main gradient extracted for the full data set. Our results therefore suggest that marine benthic surveys that aim to identify the main gradient structure of species composition and relate this structure to main environmental complex gradients are likely to benefit from reducing the sampling effort at each site and, instead, increasing the number of visited sites. We argue that coverage of both the variation in species composition and the environment in the study area will then be improved. Monitoring programs with other aims than to identify the main gradients in species composition may also benefit from the adoption of a many‐sites, one‐sample sampling strategy. This may be particularly true if additional sampled sites are based on a stratified sampling strategy that ensures that the spatial variability in the study area is accounted for.     

Identification of biomarkers of cores from the South China Sea

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Investigation of Arctic air temperature extremes at north of 60°N in winter

Air temperature is a key index reflecting climate change. Air temperature extremes are very important because they strongly influence the natural environment and societal activities. The Arctic air temperature extremes north of 60°N are investigated in the winter. Daily data from 238 stations at north of 60°N from the global summary of the day for the period 1979–2015 are used to study the trends of cold days, cold nights, warm days and warm nights during the wintertime. The results show a decreasing trend of cold days and nights(rate of –0.2 to –0.3 d/a) and an increasing trend of warm days and nights(rate of +0.2 to +0.3 d/a) in the Arctic. The mean temperature increases,which contributes to the increasing(decreasing) occurrence of warm(cold) days and nights. On the other hand,the variance at most stations decreased, leading to a reduced number of cold events. A positive AO(Arctic Oscillation) index leads to an increased(decreased) number of warm(cold) days and nights over northern Europe and western Russia and an increased(decreased) number of cold(warm) days and nights over the Bering Strait and Greenland. The lower extent of Arctic autumn sea ice leads to a decreased number of cold days and nights.The occurrences of abrupt changes are detected using the Mann-Kendall method for cold nights occurring in Canada in 1998 and for warm nights occurring in northwestern Eurasia in 1988. This abrupt change mainly resulted from the mean warming induced by south winds and an increased North Atlantic sea surface temperature.     

美国4 个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)种群形态差异与判别分析

采用3种多元分析方法,对来源于美国的4个凡纳滨对虾种群的13个形态比例参数进行比较研究.聚类分析结果表明,Kona Bay种群与Molokai种群形态差异很小,而SIS种群、OI种群趋异程度逐渐增加.判别分析结果显示,4种群的13个形态比例参数有着极显著的差异(P>0.01);4个种群雌虾的判别准确率P1为61.76%-97.14%,判别准确率P2为62.03%-96.43%,综合判别率为80.25%;4个种群雄虾的判别准确率P1为75.76%-97.06%,判别准确率P2分别为67.57%-97.06%,综合判别率为80.71%,各种群的判别函数判别准确率均较高;主成分分析,构建的雌体的5个主成分方差贡献率分别为,主成分1:23.594%,主成分2:19.534%,主成分3:15.748%,主成分4:13.653%,主成分5:8.653%.累积贡献率为81.182%.而在构建的雄体的5个主成分中,方差贡献率分别为主成分1:22.095%,主成分2:19.270%,主成分3:15.430%,主成分4:15.245%,主成分5:7.885%.累积贡献率为79.925%.综上所述,Kona Bay种群与Molokai种群应是同一种群,与SIS种群亲缘关系较为接近,SIS种群和OI种群为独立的种群.     

Velocity and AVO analysis for the investigation of gas hydrate along a profile in the western continental margin of India

The occurrence of gas hydrate has been inferred from the presence of Bottom-Simulating Reflectors (BSRs) along the western continental margin of India. In this paper, we assess the spatial and vertical distribution of gas hydrates by analyzing the interval velocities and Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) responses obtained from multi-channel seismics (MCSs). The hydrate cements the grains of the host sediment, thereby increasing its velocity, whereas the free gas below the base of hydrate stability zone decreases the interval velocity. Conventionally, velocities are obtained from the semblance analysis on the Common Mid-Point (CMP) gathers. Here, we used wave-equation datuming to remove the effect of the water column before the velocity analysis. We show that the interval velocities obtained in this fashion are more stable than those computed from the conventional semblance analysis. The initial velocity model thus obtained is updated using the tomographic velocity analysis to account for lateral heterogeneity. The resultant interval velocity model shows large lateral velocity variations in the hydrate layer and some low velocity zones associated with free gas at the location of structural traps. The reflection from the base of the gas layer is also visible in the stacked seismic data. Vertical variation in hydrate distribution is assessed by analyzing the AVO response at selected locations. AVO analysis is carried out after applying true amplitude processing. The average amplitudes of BSRs are almost constant with offset, suggesting a fluid expulsion model for hydrate formation. In such a model, the hydrate concentrations are gradational with maxima occurring at the base of hydrate stability zone.     

植物同工酶基因定位方法初探

根据基因在异源多倍体染色体组间的变异，提出通过缺对一四体和双端体的酶谱分析，无需在不同品种间杂交，即可将同工酶结构基因定位在特定的染色体臂上。还提出，由于等位基因在双体和三体间的变异．通过三体酶谱分析，也能有效地进行同工酶基因定位。     

我国海洋捕捞业政策变迁、结构特征及优化研究——基于政策文本的量化分析

自20世纪80年代以来,我国出台了众多海洋捕捞相关政策,厘清这些政策变迁规律对海洋捕捞业的健康发展具有重要意义。本文对1986年以来我国海洋捕捞业的政策文本展开量化分析,构建政策时间维度、政策工具维度、政策价值维度三维政策文本分析框架,梳理当前捕捞业政策变迁和结构特征,并深入分析了捕捞业政策与现实的匹配性。研究发现,海洋捕捞业的部分政策目标之间存在一定的冲突和矛盾;政策工具体系全面,但不同政策工具数量分布不均衡;早期政策的经济价值取向突出,社会、生态价值相对不足,需要适时调整政策价值取向。未来应明确政策目标,推动海洋捕捞管理范式由投入控制向产出控制的转变;优化政策工具组合,引导渔民自觉养护海洋渔业资源,提高海洋捕捞业政策的有效性;整合政策价值取向,协调产业发展、资源养护和渔民利益的关系,推动海洋捕捞可持续发展。     

Eigensensitivity analysis of moisture-related buckling of marine composite panels

In this paper, an approximate closed-form solution is presented to compute the moisture-related buckling of symmetric angle-ply laminates. The environment corresponds to a steady state condition, which provides a uniform moisture distribution for the laminate. The laminate consists of four layers [θ/−θ]_s constructed of low, moderate and high stiffness ratio materials. Comparative results using the Rayleigh–Ritz method provides a means of assessing the accuracy of the expression. For certain laminate architectures, several modes must be computed to ascertain the lowest buckling mode, and once identified, provides an excellent approximation for the mode computed using the Rayleigh–Ritz method.