热带印度-太平洋浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata的B/Ca和Cd/Ca指标：次表层海水碳化学参数计算的应用

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata shells from 16 core-top samples from the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans are analyzed for the ratios of boron and cadmium to calcium(B/Ca and Cd/Ca). The B/Ca ratios show a very weak positive relationship with [B(OH)_4~-] and the dissolved carbonate species at the apparent calcification depth of P.obliquiloculata. The boron partition coefficients(K_D) between P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater[B(OH)_4~-]/[HCO_3~-] distribute around 1.1×10~(-3)-1.3×10~(-3) with a mean value of(1.19±0.12)×10~(-3),and are significantly related to the nutrient concentration, especially phosphate. The lack of any clear correlation between the P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemical parameters suggests that the physiochemical controls on boron incorporation are masked by the complexity of natural seawater condition. But the significant dependence of Ku on nutrient may likely be explained by a nutrient related growth-rate effect. Cd/Ca of P.obliquiloculata shows significant correlation with seawater phosphate concentration, and its partition coefficients(D_(cd)) are significantly related to temperature. A first-principle methodology of P. obliquiloculata B/Ca is applied;with the aid of Cd/Ca as a phosphate proxy and a constraint on K_D, to estimating sea water carbonate chemistry(e.g., pH). The results are fairly promising and allow us to propose the possibility to apply the combination of B/Ca and Cd/Ca proxies(and also Mg/Ca and δ~(18)O for estimating temperature and salinity) for the paleoreconstruction of seawater carbonate chemistry.     

MIS 6期以来西菲律宾海表层营养物质水平演化及其控制因素:浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber的Cd/Ca证据

通过西菲律宾海MD06-3052孔浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides ruber的n(Cd)/n(Ca)[n(Cd)和n(Ca)分别指示Cd元素和Ca元素的物质的量]变化研究及其与陆源物质输入、海水结构以及海洋初级生产力等重建结果对比,从营养物质来源和利用两方面,探究了MIS6期以来该区域表层营养物质水平演化及其控制因素,从而为热带西太平洋生物泵作用和营养物质循环提供新思路和新证据。MIS6期以及MIS 2—3期研究区吕宋岛来源的陆源物质输入增多,导致了研究区MIS 6晚期、MIS 3早期和MIS2期浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)的升高。而在MIS 3晚期,尽管陆源物质输入量大、次表层营养物质上涌,但初级生产力对于营养物质的利用量大于前两者营养物质输入量之和,最终形成研究区浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)在MIS 3晚期呈现逐渐降低的趋势。海平面的迅速升高导致营养物质来源短期不足引起MIS 6/5冰消期浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)呈现低值。而MIS 5e期研究区陆源物质输入的增多,又促使浮游有孔虫G. ruber n(Cd)/n(Ca)出现高值。此外, MIS 4—5d期,陆源物质输入较低、次表层营养物质仍受到阻碍,但研究区初级生产力在MIS4—5d期则逐渐升高,致使研究区浮游有孔虫G.rubern(Cd)/n(Ca)呈现下降趋势。研究结果反映不同时期浮游有孔虫G.rubern(Cd)/n(Ca)的受控因素不同,需要对其从营养物质来源和利用两方面因素加以考虑,才能获得更为准确的研究结果。总之,本文对西菲律宾海浮游有孔虫n(Cd)/n(Ca)指标的探究,不仅为该指标在热带西太平洋区域的古海洋学研究打下了基础,还为该指标在其他海域更为准确的探究提供了新的思路。     

再探温跃层有孔虫B/Ca与温度和[CO32-]的依赖性及其在24 ka以来热带西太平洋次表层碳酸盐系统重建中的应用

The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean.