京北云蒙山变质核杂岩南东侧剥离断层带的构造热演化

以云蒙山变质核杂岩东侧的河防口低角度正断层为研究对象,通过矿物(黑云母)的变形特征和形成环境分析,获得了该断层带上的构造热演化环境:温度为780～860℃,压力约为7.3×108～8.6×108Pa.提出云蒙山变质核杂岩的成因机制是,在区域伸展背景下,处于半固结状态的云蒙山花岗岩在东南侧卷入河防口-水峪伸展型韧性剪切带,使花岗岩发生中高温条件的韧性变形;之后,该韧性剪切带在隆升过程中不断向浅层次过渡,形成了一些浅层次的脆性伸展变形构造.     

韧性剪切带的剪切作用类型和韧性减薄量

韧性剪切带组构的演化和剪切作用类型受到许多研究者的关注。运用极莫尔圆法、有限应变法、刚性颗粒法、石英光轴组构结合有限应变测量法、拖尾形态法、剪切带内变形脉体(岩墙)法、碎斑法等方法可以估算剪切带变形过程中的运动学涡度,进而判别剪切带中单剪切组分与纯剪切组分的相对含量。自然界的剪切带一般介于单剪与纯剪之间,运动学涡度Wk介于0~1之间,表明韧性剪切带在变形过程中发生了垂直于剪切带边界(Z轴)方向的韧性减薄。剪切带变形过程中的韧性减薄量可依据有限应变测量与运动学涡度估算求得,也可依据剪切带内的石香肠(布丁)构造求解,还可依据构建极莫尔圆求解。以华北克拉通北缘的楼子店变质核杂岩及其韧性剪切带,以及希腊西奈山的Chelmos剪切带为例,介绍估算韧性剪切带韧性减薄的方法,这种韧性减薄是对大规模岩石圈减薄的有益补充和完善。研究结果表明,定量估算与变质核杂岩相关的韧性剪切带的剪切作用类型是分析变质核杂岩形成机制的有效途径和方法。     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩的形成过程与晚侏罗世伸展事件

根据野外详细调查,本文系统分析了医巫闾山地区的伸展构造,认为区内瓦子峪伸展韧性剪切带发育之前就出现了变质核杂岩.该核杂岩具有典型的三层结构,其拆离韧性剪切带出现在变质基底内,但西侧被晚期早白垩世瓦子峪韧性剪切带切割,呈不完整的长环形带状展布.露头构造、显微构造及石英C组构皆指示核杂岩的下盘、拆离韧性剪切带及上盘底部具有...     

北京云蒙山地区中生代岩浆活动及构造演化

北京云蒙山地区位于华北克拉通北缘燕山褶断带中段。该地区发育大量中生代岩浆岩及近E—W向逆冲型四合堂剪切带和NE向伸展型大水峪剪切带。本次工作通过锆石年代学和单矿物(角闪石、黑云母)~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年代学分析,进一步整理了云蒙山地区中生代岩浆活动及构造演化的时间,并分析了云蒙山岩基周边不同阶段的冷却速率。本次工作发现云蒙山地区经历了三期岩浆活动:晚三叠世、晚侏罗世和早白垩世。其中,206 Ma为捕获岩浆锆石年代学记录;在出露岩体中,沙陀子岩体为159~151 Ma,石城岩体为169~151 Ma,长园岩体为156~151 Ma,云蒙山岩基为146~141 Ma;冯家峪—西白莲峪花岗质岩体为130~124 Ma;冯家峪闪长质岩体为127 Ma;大东沟花岗质岩体为127 Ma。云蒙山地区经历了三次重要的构造事件。在早侏罗世,云蒙山地区表现为区域性角度不整合,并以挤压运动为主,缺乏岩浆活动。在早白垩世早期(143~135.5 Ma),云蒙山岩基北缘发育逆冲型四合堂剪切带。在早白垩世晚期(135~93.9 Ma),云蒙山地区发育以东南侧大水峪剪切带为主拆离剪切带的变质核杂岩。此外,云蒙山岩基的北侧和西侧,早期受四合堂剪切带影响,具有较高的冷却速率。云蒙山岩基的东侧,早期受四合堂剪切带影响较小,具有较小的冷却速率,以缓慢的均衡隆升为主,而晚期受大水峪剪切带强烈活动影响,为快速隆升阶段。总之,云蒙山地区在中生代经历了多期次的岩浆活动及构造运动,在不同地区呈现了阶段性不同程度的抬升剥蚀。     

北京云蒙山大水峪韧性剪切带糜棱岩的变形温度

横穿北京云蒙山东部的白垩纪大水峪韧性剪切带的云蒙峡剖面中,主体岩石为花岗质-闪长质糜棱岩,普遍发生了脆性-韧性变形。糜棱岩中的残斑为斜长石、钾长石,基质为斜长石、钾长石、石英、角闪石、黑云母。糜棱岩中一类斜长石基质与斜长石残斑化学成分基本相同,是斜长石残斑机械破碎的产物,未经历动态重结晶。另一类斜长石基质的An值明显高于斜长石残斑的An值,表明此类斜长石基质经历了动态重结晶作用。糜棱岩中钾长石基质的Or值略大于钾长石残斑Or值。本文根据糜棱岩中经历动态重结晶的斜长石基质和钾长石基质,采用二长石温度计估算的糜棱岩韧性变形温度条件为450～630℃。发现随着背离云蒙山岩基的方向,自西而东,大水峪糜棱岩带的韧性变形温度条件有明显的递降现象。     

桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的构造变形特征研究

桐柏杂岩北界剪切带是桐柏—大别造山带发育的一条大型的左行走滑韧性剪切带,发育糜棱岩、超糜棱岩以及强直片麻岩等强变形岩石。通过对剪切带内岩石的矿物共生组合、剪切带的位移量计算、石英的分维数计算、石英颗粒的差异应力以及应变速率的估算等多种方法分析结果显示:桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的位移量为38.3~41.1km;动态重结晶石英颗粒边界统计数据的相关系数R均大于0.96,动态重结晶颗粒边界具有统计意义上的自相似性;分维数为1.207~1.302之间,从剪切带的核部向边部,颗粒粒径和分维值的变化是逐渐变大的。石英的分维值反映出石英的动态重结晶与剪切带密切相关,变质变形由剪切带核部向边部逐渐减弱。桐柏杂岩北界剪切带的差异应力值为23.583~46.983 MPa之间,应变速率为1.70×10~(-11)~9.74×10~(-11)s~(-1)。通过对比剪切带内动态重结晶石英颗粒的粒径、差异应力和应变速率可以发现,差异应力与应变速率表现出一定的正相关性,都随着从剪切带的核部到边部慢慢变小;而石英的粒径则与差异应力和应变速率表现出负相关性,从剪切带核部到边部,随着石英粒径的变大,差异应力和应变速率变小。差异应力越大,导致石英颗粒的受力强度越大,变形越强,表现出来的就是应变速率越强。从显微构造变形角度来研究认识该剪切带,对揭示桐柏—大别造山带的构造演化以及构造模型的建立有着重要的构造意义。     

雅拉香波穹隆韧性剪切带变形特征与剪切作用类型研究

雅拉香波变质核杂岩位于北喜马拉雅穹隆带东端，其拆离断层系的糜棱岩带构成了杂岩核部的外缘，带内主要变形岩石类型为石榴石千糜岩、糜棱状片麻岩和糜棱状花岗岩．糜棱状岩石中宏、微观韧性变形组构丰富，暗示区内存在多种显微变形机制：物质扩散迁移、晶内脆性破裂、粒内滑动及粒间滑动等，3种运动学涡度统计和计算结果表明：雅拉香波变质核杂岩拆离系的剪切作用类型是以简单剪切作为主的一般剪切；剪切带厚度变化为76％左右，属于减薄型：后期纯剪切应变速率比早期的有所增强，这可能与杂岩体核部岩浆岩后期上侵增强，穹隆进一步抬升和脆性垮塌下滑作用相关．     

大磊山变质核杂岩基本特征及成在探讨

变质核杂岩是伸展构造的主要类型之一。本文从宏，微观结构研究入手，将大别造山带的大磊山变质核杂岩自下而上划分深变质核体，韧性剪切带，脆－韧性剪切带和流变滑脱盖层４个基本构造部分，并分别论述了各构造部分的变形，变质特征。结合区域构造背景，认为该变质核杂岩是大别造山带在晋宁期造山过程中，南北，淮阳地区早期裂解，晚期碰撞拼合形成的古变质核杂岩构造。     

京北云蒙山地区四合堂韧性逆冲型剪切带的变形特征及早期变形时限约束

云蒙山杂岩是华北克拉通内记载了晚中生代构造演化的重要构造单元之一。云蒙山地区区域构造格架主要由四合堂背斜推覆体、四合堂逆冲型韧性剪切带、云蒙山背形、河防口正断层及水峪伸展型韧性剪切带等组成。对于四合堂逆冲型剪切带的活动时限及其与水峪剪切带之间的关系,是长期争论的课题之一。在四合堂韧性剪切带中广泛发育有剪切演化各个阶段就位的花岗质岩脉。本文研究云蒙山四合堂地区剪切变形特征及广泛发育的岩脉与构造变形之间关系,将岩脉厘定为构造期前(剪切前)岩脉、同构造期(同剪切)岩脉和构造期后(剪切后)岩脉等6期。不同类型的同构造岩脉锆石U-Pb定年获得了岩脉结晶年龄为170~150Ma。从构造-岩浆关系分析角度考虑,本文认为四合堂剪切带韧性逆冲作用早期的活动始于约170Ma,并持续到约150Ma。     

胶东地区玲珑双向变质核杂岩的均衡隆升：运动学涡度的指示

在胶东半岛西北部,围绕着玲珑岩基所发育的早白垩世伸展构造,属于独特的双向变质核杂岩。这一变质核杂岩的东、西边界上,分别发育了倾斜相背的招平与焦家伸展拆离剪切带。双向变质核杂岩的剥露是否也有均衡隆升的贡献,一直没有明确的认识。本次工作以采自这两条边界拆离剪切带不同部位的糜棱岩样品为分析对象,分别应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法（具体又分别使用了Wallis投图法和刚性颗粒网格法）和石英c轴组构与主应变比值法对同一样品进行了运动学涡度测量。对于招平拆离剪切带,应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法获得的涡度值为0. 57~0. 73,而应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法获得的涡度值为0. 80~0. 93。对于焦家剪切带,应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法获得的涡度值为0. 58~0. 74,而应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法获得的涡度值为0. 79~0. 93。对于剪切带的同一样品,这两种测量方法给出的结果明显不同。应用刚性残斑长短轴比值法数据所获得这两条剪切带的减薄率,也明显高于应用石英c轴组构与主应变比值法数据的计算结果。理论分析与实例表明,刚性残斑长短轴比值法所获得的涡度值代表了剪切带的早期变形,而石英c轴组构与主应变比值法所得结果指示了晚期变形。由此表明,玲珑双向变质核杂岩边界拆离剪切带演化中,伴随着纯剪组分的明显降低,指示了剪切带产状的变陡,为均衡隆升的结果。均衡隆升发生在核杂岩演化的晚阶段,是早白垩世郭家岭期同构造花岗闪长岩侵位的响应。本文结果指示,双向与不对称变质核杂岩具有相似的演化规律,都经历过晚阶段均衡隆升,对中—下地壳的剥露具有重要的贡献。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861