2019年8月16日山东诸城一次罕见强雹暴结构和大雹形成的观测分析

为研究雹暴结构和大冰雹的形成机制,利用潍坊CINRAD/SA新一代天气雷达、青岛S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达探测数据,结合探空、地面气象观测站观测和实地冰雹调查资料,对2019年8月16日发生在山东诸城的一次罕见强雹暴过程的天气背景、风雹灾害、雷达回波演变、雹云结构及大冰雹形成机制进行分析.结果表明,受冷涡天气系统影响,...     

2003年江淮梅雨期一次特大暴雨的研究——中尺度对流和水汽条件分析

本文对2003年7月4日-5日江淮梅雨期间的一次特大暴雨过程进行了多尺度的详细分析.环流背景、中尺度对流云团和水汽条件分析表明,这次特大暴雨是在典型梅雨的有利环境背景形势下,由梅雨锋上的中尺度对流系统造成的,地面低压、低层切变线及西南低空急流与这次特大暴雨过程有着密切的关系.强降水中心与中尺度对流云团的关系十分密切,中β尺度云团的生成合并增强,和其中中γ降水系统的存在,导致了降水强度的局地性差异.江淮流域主要表现为经向水汽通量的辐合区,强水汽通量舌与低层高θse的舌区一致,暴雨过程中水汽的快速集中主要是通过风场散度项造成的,局地风场的辐合在水汽快速集中起主要作用.低层充沛的水汽则通过气旋性涡度柱中的强上升气流输送到对流层的中高层.     

海洋碳循环模式（I）——一个包括海洋动力学环流、化学过程和生物过程的二维碳模式的建立

利用一个全球海洋动力学环流模式所模拟的海洋环流场,建立了一个全面的二维海洋碳循环模式。此模式摒弃了传统箱模式的缺陷,充分考虑了诸如大气与海洋间的碳交换、光合作用和氧化分解、碳酸钙的产生和溶解、悬浮颗粒物的下沉等过程,尤其是在模式中耦合进了以往甚少考虑的海洋生物过程对碳循环的影响,引入了详尽合理的参数化方案。通过模拟发现：在稳定状态下,大气和海洋中总碳含量分布依赖于发生在海洋中的各种物理化学过程及边界条件,水平扩散系数和光合作用常数率对各化学量的分布有很大影响。     

Article 2 of the UNFCCC: Historical Origins,Recent Interpretations

Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which states the treaty's long-term objective, is the subject of a growing literature that examines means to interpret and implement this provision. Here we provide context for these studies by exploring the intertwined scientific, legal, economic, and political history of Article 2. We review proposed definitions for “dangerous anthropogenic interference” and frameworks that have been proposed for implementing these definitions. Specific examples of dangerous climate changes suggest limits on global warming ranging from 1 to 4 ^∘C and on concentrations ranging from 450 to 700 ppm CO₂ equivalents. The implications of Article 2 for near term restrictions on greenhouse-gas emissions, e.g., the Kyoto Protocol, are also discussed.     

用户自定义报表管理系统

针对MIS开发中的报表问题，结合RowerBuilder中Data Window的方式和数据库管理模式，利用PowerBuilder设计开发了一个用户自定义报表管理系统，可对多表、多字段进行任意组合查询、统计，并对报表进行了时效、权限、分类管理。本文介绍了软件的设计原理、开发方法及使用方法。     

用户自定义报表管理系统

针对MIS开发中的报表问题,结合PowerBuilder中DataWindow的方式和数据库管理模式,利用PowerBuilder设计开发了一个用户自定义报表管理系统,可对多表、多字段进行任意组合查询、统计,并对报表进行了时效、权限、分类管理。本文介绍了软件的设计原理、开发方法及使用方法。     

1954—2019年深圳高影响台风气候特征分析

将1954—2019年对深圳风雨影响排名前10%的台风称为高影响台风,并按风、雨的影响分为降雨高影响台风和大风高影响台风。通过统计降水和风速等气象要素的时空分布特征,对比大风高影响台风和降雨高影响台风的强度、位置、路径类型及路径点分布高频区(关键区)等异同点。结果表明:(1)大风高影响台风以西北移动近距离影响深圳的路径为主,深圳西南方150 km沿海和海域为关键区。(2)降雨高影响台风影响路径复杂,有西北移动、东北至偏北以及偏西移动3类路径,分别在珠江口西侧、深圳附近、粤北存在3个关键区,关键区的确定为高影响台风的预报预警提供一定的参考。     

Climate change,income and happiness: An empirical study for Barcelona

The present article builds upon the results of an empirical study exploring key factors which determine life satisfaction in Barcelona. Based on a sample of 840 individuals we first look at the way changes in income, notably income reductions, associated with the current economic situation in Spain, affect subjective well-being. Income decreases which occur with respect to one year ago have a negative effect on happiness when specified in logarithmic terms, and a positive one when specified as a dummy variable (and percentage change). The divergence in results is discussed and various explanations are put forward. Both effects are however temporary and do not hold for a period longer than a year, probably for reasons of adaptation and a downward adjustment of reference consumption and income levels. Next, we examine the implications of experiencing forest fires and find a lasting negative effect on life satisfaction. Our results suggest that climate policy need not reduce happiness in the long run, even when it reduces income and carbon-intensive consumption. Climate policy may even raise life well-being, if accompanied by compensatory measures that decrease formal working hours and reference consumption standards, while maintaining employment security.     

Helping operationalise Article 2: A transdisciplinary methodological tool for evaluating when climate change is dangerous

Although a global climate regime has been developed, decisions regarding a definition of dangerous climate change have been postponed in the political arena and have only been marginally addressed by the IPCC. This paper presents a participatory integrated assessment method, consisting of an iterative set of science-policy dialogues within and between countries, as well as a focus on indicators of dangerous climate impacts, short-listing and clustering these indicators, identifying threshold levels of unacceptable impacts, and then back-calculating to greenhouse gas concentration levels. This method, applied in the Netherlands, yielded some interesting results and some consensus knowledge among the stakeholders who participated.     

我国部门减排行动可测量、可报告、可核实现状分析

通过一系列的部门政策和措施的论述,证明了我国各部门减缓政策和措施已经通过国内系统得到了报告和核证,显示了“可测量,可报告和可核实”（MRV）的实际部门应用,同时指出部门方案具有不同的度量、报告制度和核证程序,以及不同的减排效果。这些部门减缓行动的MRV特点为国际MRV的构建提供了案例基础。     

An introduction to the South China Sea throughflow: Its dynamics, variability, and application for climate

The South China Sea throughflow (SCSTF) involves the inflow through the Luzon strait and the outflow through the Karimata, Mindoro, and Taiwan straits. Recent studies have suggested that the SCSTF act as a heat and freshwater conveyor, playing a potentially important role in regulating the sea surface temperature pattern in the South China Sea and its adjoining tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. In this introductory paper, we attempt to convey the progress that has recently been made in understanding the SCSTF. We first provide an overview of existing observations, theories, and simulations of the SCSTF. Then, we discuss its interaction with the Pacific western boundary current and Indonesian throughflow. Finally, we summarize issues and questions that remain to be addressed, with special reference to the SCSTF's dynamics, variability, and implication for climate.