北祁连冷龙岭蛇绿岩地质地球化学特征及构造意义

在北祁连造山带冷龙岭地区新发现一条蛇绿岩带,该蛇绿岩从下向上由地幔橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩、玄武岩、硅质岩组成。岩石地球化学特征表明,玄武岩可分类高Ti和低Ti两类,其中高Ti玄武岩具有LREE富集的稀土配分型式,富集K、Rb、Ba、Th、Nb、Ta等不相容元素,呈现隆起型(驼峰式)分布型式,显示了典型的洋岛火山岩地球化学特征,为板内岩浆作用的产物。低Ti玄武岩具有LREE亏损,类似N-MORB的稀土配分模式,同时又具有相对于N-MORB富集的大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素的岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,代表了弧后盆地环境岩石组合。蛇绿岩岩石组合和岩石地球化学特征显示该蛇绿岩套形成于弧后盆地环境,是早奥陶世北祁连洋的残留。     

北祁连缝合带油葫芦沟玄武岩地球化学特征

对油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩进行了地球化学研究, 以探讨其形成环境。油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩的主量和微量元素具有低钾富钠的特征, 属低钾(拉斑)系列。玄武岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分配模式图表现为近平坦型, 轻重稀土富集不明显, 属于亏损地幔(N型)。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K和Sr出现负异常, 高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Hf、Zr无负异常, 表现出大洋中脊幔源岩浆作用的特征。构造环境判别图显示, 油葫芦沟玄武岩属于典型的亏损型大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)。研究结果表明油葫芦沟蛇绿岩中玄武岩为北祁连洋洋壳的组成部分, 北祁连洋在晚元古代—晚寒武世为典型的大洋中脊环境。      

内蒙古巴林右旗地区晚二叠世枕状玄武岩的发现及地质意义

内蒙古中部地区位于中亚造山带东南端,晚古生代古亚洲洋的闭合时间及位置一直存在争论。野外地质调查发现内蒙古巴林右旗地区发育晚古生代枕状玄武岩,为古亚洲洋的构造演化研究提供了重要线索。枕状玄武岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为256.6±2.6 Ma,成岩时代为晚二叠世。枕状玄武岩具低SiO₂(平均48.73%)、TiO₂(平均1.47%)和高Al₂O₃(平均17.17%)特征,显示亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩/玄武岩之间的过渡类型,Mg^#低于幔源岩浆原生岩浆值(68～72)。球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线形态微弱右倾,呈近平坦型,与典型的E-MORB型玄武岩稀土元素配分特征相似。枕状玄武岩相对富集大离子亲石元素LILE(Rb、Ba、Th、U等)和微弱富集高场强元素HFSE(Nb、Hf等)。根据前人研究成果,结合枕状玄武岩主量、微量元素、构造环境及同位素年代学特征,认为巴林右旗地区枕状玄武岩类似于俯冲带上盘型(SSZ)蛇绿岩组成成分,是古亚洲洋板块俯冲消减过程中亏损地幔和富集地幔...     

滇西南孟连一带晚古生代火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造背景研究

孟连晚古生代火山岩可分为３类，即略亏损－略富集火山岩类、中等富集火山岩类和强富集火山岩类。地球化学及岩石组合特征表明本区火山岩可归入３个构造岩浆组合，即与ＮＭＯＲＢ相比略富集的洋脊玄武岩型、富集洋脊玄武岩（Ｐ－ＭＯＲＢ）与洋岛拉斑玄武岩（ＯＩＴＢ）过渡型及洋岛碱性玄武岩（ＯＩＡＢ）型。     

大兴安岭北部佳疙瘩组洋岛型玄武岩的发现及地质意义

大兴安岭北部奇乾一带的新元古界佳疙瘩组上部由灰黑色致密枕状玄武岩、含气孔-杏仁状构造的枕状玄武岩夹灰黑色粉砂质板岩、绿泥片岩和灰色薄层大理岩化灰岩组成。枕状玄武岩由斜长石、辉石、绿泥石等组成。地球化学特征表明,岩石为富钠碱性玄武岩,稀土元素总量较高∑REE为107.71×10~(-6)~127×10~(-6),轻稀土富集LREE/HREE为5.15~5.56,(La/Yb)_N为4.44~5.18,δEu=0.86~1.08,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾型。微量元素与MORB相比,富集Ti,Sr、K、Rb、Ba等不相容元素,Y、Yb含量略低于MORB,Y、Yb相对亏损。构造环境判别显示该枕状熔岩形成于大洋板内洋岛环境,佳疙瘩组洋岛玄武岩的发现标志着此时已经有成熟的大洋壳形成;综合玄武岩的地质地球化学特征,认为其源区来自软流圈地幔或与地幔柱组分有关。     

西藏东巧蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其形成的构造环境

西藏东巧蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg、Fe、Cr,贫Ti、ΣREE为特征。辉长岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其具有扩张洋脊拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、zr、Hf等亏损,大离子亲石元素Rb、sr、Ba等相对富集;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。根据其地球化学属性,推测该区蛇绿岩形成于大洋盆地扩张的构造环境。     

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木地区260Ma玄武岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对中亚造山带东段内蒙古迪彦钦阿木地区玄武岩(~260 Ma)开展了岩石学和地球化学的系统研究。元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究表明,该区玄武岩具有富集LREE和亏损HREE的特征,呈现出明显的Eu正异常,而几乎无Ce异常。微量元素组成表现出富集LILE(如Rb、Th和K)和亏损HFSE(如Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf)的特征。同时,该区玄武岩具有较高的Nb/Ta比值(17),较低的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7026~0.7033),以及正的Nd(t)值(3.6~4.6)。综合分析表明,该区玄武岩具有俯冲带火山岩的地球化学特征,其源区主要为亏损的岩石圈地幔,并局部有软流圈物质的加入,但岩浆演化过程中壳源物质混染程度不高。通过元素判别图解及区域地质资料分析,我们推测该区玄武岩的形成与弧后伸展环境下软流圈物质上涌而导致岩石圈地幔的部分熔融有关。因此,古亚洲洋的闭合时限应该不早于该玄武岩的喷发时间(~260 Ma),并且同期存在古亚洲洋板块向北方的西伯利亚或者南蒙古微陆块的俯冲。     

泰国北部清莱-南邦带弧火山岩特征研究

从岩相学特征、岩石组合、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素、大地构造环境等诸多方面分析清迈带洋脊/洋岛玄武岩的东侧分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世(P2—T1)火山岩认为其具有陆缘弧火山岩特征。火山岩组合为玄武安山岩-安山岩-流纹岩;火山岩系列以钙碱性系列为主,拉斑系列次之;火山岩的化学成分以高Al2O3为特征,稀土模式为轻稀土富集右倾斜型;微量元素大阳离子元素富集,普遍富U,Th亏损Ti,Cr和P;岩石化学投点均落在岛弧火山岩区,与中国澜沧江带陆缘弧火山岩投点相一致。该陆缘弧火山岩带与清迈带的洋脊/洋岛型火山岩构成了成对分布的洋脊火山岩-弧岩浆岩带,指示清迈带洋壳向东俯冲。     

藏北双湖地区海西期和印支期火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

藏北双湖地区海西期和印支期火山岩均以夹层形式产于海相沉积岩层中.海西期火山岩高度富集轻稀土元素和明显富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素与Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,无Nb、Ta、Ti亏损等特点,表明其具有大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩和洋岛碱性玄武岩的特征;以其不相容元素比值,相当于Gough岛EMⅠ OIB型洋岛玄武岩,其构造环境判别图进一步印证了海西期火山岩形成于洋岛碱性玄武岩环境.印支期火山岩贫轻稀土元素和Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素,相对贫Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素;但Nb、Ta并不亏损以及稀土配分曲线较平缓等特点,表明其具有大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩特征;其微量元素、稀土元素的丰度及曲线特征可以与确定环境的红海88GTV岩样、东非大裂谷B10C岩样的丰度及曲线特征相类比,且构造环境判别图也共同印证了印支期火山岩形成于类似红海-东非裂谷型的大陆裂谷,初始洋盆的环境.     

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

西藏纳木错西岸蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉长辉绿岩及玄武岩等组成。变质橄榄岩以富Mg、贫Ti、贫REE元素为特征。辉绿岩和玄武岩的主量元素、微量元素特征显示其含有洋脊拉斑玄武岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩的双重成分,其中高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等亏损．大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr、Ba等相对富集,具岛弧玄武岩的特点;在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图上为LREE亏损的平坦型,无负Eu异常,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似。通过与典型地区作对比并应用构造环境判别图解,推测该区蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地的构造环境。     

Geodynamic significance of the Cretaceous pillow basalts from North Anatolian Ophiolitic Mélange Belt (Central Anatolia,Turkey): geochemical and paleontological constraints

The most widespread blocks within the Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange (North Anatolian ophiolitic mélange) in Central Anatolia (Turkey) are pillow basalts, radiolarites, other ophiolitic fragments and Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate blocks. The pillow basalts crop out as discrete blocks in close relation to radiolarites and ophiolitic units in Cretaceous ophiolitic mélange.

The geochemical results suggest that analyzed pillow basalts are within-plate ocean island alkali basalts. The enrichment of incompatible elements (Nb, Ta, Light REE, Th, U, Cs, Rb, Ba, K) demonstrates the ocean island environment (both tholeiites and alkali basalts) and enriched MORB. Dated calcareous intrafills and biodetrital carbonates reveal an age span of Callovian—Early Aptian. The thin-shelled protoglobigerinids, belonging to the genus Globuligerina, in the calcareous intrafills between pillow basalt lobes indicates a Callovian—Barremian age interval, most probably, Valanginian to Late Barremian. The volcanic and radiolarite detritus-bearing orbitolinid—Baccinella biodetrital carbonates dated as Late Barremian-Early Aptian in age, were probably deposited around atolls and have a close relationship with the ocean island pillow basalts.

The results collectively support the presence of a seamount on the Neo-Tethyan oceanic crust during the Valanginian—Late Barremian and atolls during the Late Barremian-Early Aptian interval. The presence of an oceanic crust older than that seamount along the Northern Branch of Neo-Tethys is conformable with the geodynamic evolution of the Tethys.     

西准噶尔玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及源区特征

西准噶尔地区出露多条蛇绿混杂岩带,对其进行精确的锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究可以为揭示西准噶尔地区古大洋形成与演化过程、恢复古构造格局及追溯岩浆源区物质来源提供线索.本文对玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中的辉长岩及玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及全岩地球化学研究,获得辉长岩中锆石的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄为572.2±9.2Ma,属于早震旦纪,该年龄是准噶尔乃至北疆地区报道的最古老的蛇绿混杂岩年龄.玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中的枕状玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,岩石具有高Ti(TiO2=1.65％ ～3.13％)、高Fe(FeOT=8.93％ ～ 18.11％)、高Mg(MgO=3.95％ ～ 5.27％)及高P(P2O5 =0.17％～0.51％),Th/Ta比值相对较高(=1.1～1.9),LREE和HREE分异较为明显((La/Yb)N =2.5 ～7.4)等特征,这些特征与洋岛玄武岩类似,可能形成于大洋板内的洋岛或海山环境.其中的辉长岩地球化学特征不同于玄武岩,可能形成与俯冲有关的环境.玛依勒蛇绿混杂岩中玄武岩与EMI型洋岛玄武岩具有相似的地球化学特征,表明其岩浆源区可能为EMI型富集地幔.岩石成因与软流圈地幔关系密切,软流圈的上涌导致尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区大比例部分熔融,是岩石圈-软流圈地幔相互作用的产物.     

A new ophiolitic mélange containing boninitic blocks in Alxa region:Implications for Permian subduction events in southern CAOB

The Alxa region, located in the southernmost part of Central Asian Orogenic Belt, is a key region for understanding the tectonic processes associated with the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Issues of late Paleozoic tectonic settings and tectonic unit divisions of the Alxa region still remain controversial. In this study, we report a new ophiolitic mélange named the Tepai ophiolitic mélange in the northern Alxa region, northwest of Alxa Youqi. The tectonic blocks in the Tepai ophiolitic mélange are mainly composed of serpentinized peridotites, serpentinites, mylonitized gabbros, gabbros, basalts, and quartzites, with a matrix comprising highly deformed clastic rocks. A gabbro exhibits a zircon LA-ICP-MS Ue Pb age of278.4 ± 3.3 Ma. Gabbros exhibit high Mg O and compatible element contents, but extremely low TiO_2,totally rare earth element and high field strength element contents. These rocks exhibit light rare earth element depleted patterns, and display enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements. Boninite-like geochemical data show that they were formed in a subductionrelated environment, and derived from an extremely depleted mantle source infiltrated by subduction-derived fluids and/or melts. The Tepai ophiolitic mélange exhibits similar zircon U-Pb-O isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemical characteristics to those of the Quagan Qulu ophiolite.Therefore, we propose that the Tepai ophiolitic mélange may have been the western continuation of the Quagan Qulu ophiolite. Our new finding proves the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean might have taken place later than the early Permian.     

Stratigraphy and geochemistry of pillow basalts within the ophiolitic mélange of the Izmir–Ankara–Erzincan suture zone: implications for the geotectonic character of the northern branch of Neotethys

The Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture zone of Turkey is a broad zone of ophiolitic mélange containing numerous fragmented blocks ranging in age from Triassic to Cretaceous. Stratigraphic sequences for various mélange units are compared, together with the geochemistry of associated basaltic pillow lavas of Cretaceous age. A review of geochemical data for the pillow lavas demonstrate: (a) a dominant group of alkalic basalts with enriched incompatible elements, variable Zr/Y and Zr/Nb ratios, and (b) a range of tholeiitic basalts with slightly depleted to mildly enriched (normalized) rare earth patterns, (La/Yb)_N 0.4-3.0, and generally low Zr/Y ratios. The alkalic basalts can be chemically matched to Pacific Ocean seamounts, although the close association of red radiolarites and cherts suggests that many basalts represent the margins of such structures, rather than the main seamount edifice. Nd-Sr isotope data are typical for ocean island basalts and represent an admixture of a dominant EM-1 source and a depleted MORB-like source. Enhanced δ¹⁸O compositions are a consequence of submarine alteration and not crustal contamination. Tholeiitic compositions have affinities with both N- and E-type MORB, although most are probably representative of tholeiitic ocean islands. Overall the basalts are mainly representative of structures built on the ocean floor, rather than the oceanic crust itself, being scraped off the subducting crust and preserved in the mélange of the accretionary wedge.     

Geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic implications of a new ophiolitic mélange in the northern West Junggar,NW China

The West Junggar, located in the southernmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is a key region for understanding the Paleozoic evolution of the CAOB. Issues of the timing of initial subduction and tectonic unit connections in northern West Junggar still remain controversial. In this study, we report a new ophiolitic mélange named the E'min ophiolitic mélange in northern West Junggar. The tectonic blocks in the E'min ophiolitic mélange are mainly composed of serpentinized peridotite, serpentinite, gabbros, pillow basalts, and cherts, with a matrix consisting of highly deformed serpentinites. A gabbro exhibits a zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of 476 ± 2 Ma, and the zircon grains have δ¹⁸O values similar to those of mantle zircons. Those basalt samples display depletions of light rare earth element (REE) relative to heavy REEs. They exhibit weak enrichment of Ba and Th, and moderate depletion of Nb and Ta. The basalts display similar geochemical characteristics to that of fore–arc basalts in the present-day fore–arc setting. The gabbros exhibit high MgO and compatible element contents, but low TiO₂, total REE and high field strength element (HFSE) contents. They exhibit light REE depletion, enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, and depletion of HFSEs. The boninite-like geochemical patterns of the gabbros indicate that they were formed in a subduction-related environment, and were derived from an extremely depleted mantle source infiltrated by subduction-derived fluids and/or melts. The E'min ophiolitic mélange has a geochemical make-up similar to those of suprasubduction-zone (SSZ)-type ophiolites formed in a forearc setting. Hence, we propose that the E'min ophiolitic mélange formed in a forearc setting and may represent the initial subduction in northern West Junggar. Based on geochronological data, we propose that the E'min ophiolite, together with the Kujibai, Hoboksar and Hongguleleng ophiolites, formed during a similar period and comprise a huge E–W trending ophiolitic belt.     

The Petrology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of E-MORB-type Mafic Rocks from the Guomangco Ophiolitic Mélange, Tibet

The Guomangco ophiolitic melange is situated in the middle part of the Shiquanhe- Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic melange belt （SYJMB） and possesses all the subunits of a typical Penrose- type ophiolite pseudostratigraphy. The study of the Guomangco ophiolitic melange is very important for investigating the tectonic evolution of the SYJMB. The mafic rocks of this ophiolitic melange mainly include diabases, sillite dikes, and basalts. Geochemical analysis shows that these dikes mostly have E-MORB major and trace element signatures; this is the first time that this has been observed in the SYJMB. The basalts have N-MORB and IAB affinities, and the mineral chemistry of harzburgites shows a composition similar to that of SSZ peridotites, indicating that the Guomangco ophiolitic melange probably originated in a back-arc basin. The Guomangco back-arc basin opened in the Middle Jurassic, which was caused by southward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in central Tibet. The main spreading of this back-arc basin occurred during the Late Jurassic, and the basalts were formed during this time. With the development of the back-arc basin, the subducted slab gradually retreated, and new mantle convection occurred in the mantle wedge. The recycling may have caused the metasomatized mantle to undergo a high degree of partial melting and to generate E- MORBs in the Early Cretaceous. E-MORB-type dikes probably crystallized from melts produced by about 20%-30% partial melting of a spinel mantle source, which was metasomatized by melts from low-degree partial melting of the subducted slab.     

南天山齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩的SHRIMP年龄及其构造意义

齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩位于中国新疆西南天山阔克萨彦岭地区,主要由辉石橄榄岩,橄榄辉石岩,橄榄玄武岩,辉长岩,辉绿岩,基性熔岩等组成。它们以一系列构造碎片近东西向产出,断续沿长约5km,宽约500m。本文应用SHRIMP方法对该蛇绿混杂岩中玄武岩中的锆石进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得了399±4Ma的加权平均年龄,说明该蛇绿混杂岩形成于早泥盆世。结合前人的研究成果,我们推测齐齐加纳克蛇绿混杂岩与吉根蛇绿岩残片均为中亚造山带南天山蛇绿岩带的延伸,可能代表了一个多岛窄洋盆演化的产物,为南天山洋北向俯冲及其后的塔里木微板块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块陆陆碰撞形成的最后缝合带。     

西藏果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中硅质岩的地球化学特征及其形成环境

果芒错蛇绿混杂岩位于狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带中段,是该带中保存较好的一套蛇绿混杂岩,其形成环境是确定狮泉河—永珠—嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带构造属性的重要依据。对果芒错蛇绿混杂岩中的硅质岩进行了地球化学分析,为判断蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境提供新的约束条件。硅质岩通常呈几十厘米夹层产于玄武岩中,含有大量晚三叠世—白垩纪放射虫化石。硅质岩SiO2含量为71.38%~77.67%,Al2O3含量为8.62%~11.51%,MnO/TiO2值为0.28~0.35,(Ce/Ce*)SN值为0.92~0.94,(La/Ce)SN值为1.13~1.17,反映了陆源物质的影响,而V、Ni、Cu和V/Y值高于大陆边缘硅质岩,与洋中脊和大洋盆地硅质岩相似,说明果芒错硅质岩可能形成于受陆源物质影响且与大陆边缘有一定距离的环境中。结合变质橄榄岩、镁铁质岩墙和玄武岩的地球化学特征,初步认为果芒错蛇绿混杂岩的形成环境为靠近大陆边缘的弧后盆地。     

昌宁-孟连缝合带干龙塘-弄巴蛇绿岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究

本文对三江古特提斯昌宁-孟连带中段弄巴-干龙塘蛇绿混杂岩进行了详细的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,弄巴玄武岩包括拉斑系列和碱性系列,弄巴拉斑玄武岩具有高TiO2和低K2O的特征,(La/Yb)N介于1.87～2.38之间,岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成和典型MORB十分相似,结合岩石较高的Th/Yb和低的Zr/Nb值,可以认为弄巴拉斑玄武岩具有富集型洋脊玄武岩(E-MORB)的特征,可能起源于富集的地幔源区或是亏损地幔源区和地幔柱发生交代作用的结果。弄巴碱性玄武岩具有较高的TiO2(2.38%)和K2O(2.37%)含量,(La/Yb)N=11.19,富集轻稀土,表现出典型的碱性OIB的特征,可能是大洋板内热点浅部熔融的产物。干龙塘拉斑玄武岩具有高TiO2、Mg#,低K2O和亏损轻稀土等特征,表现出N-MORB的地球化学特征,岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb与MORB相似,表明岩石起源于亏损的地幔源区。     

Geology,Geochemistry, and Evolution of the Divrigi and Kuluncak Ophiolitic Melanges,with Reference to Serpentinites in East-Central Turkey

The Divrigi and Kuluncak ophiolitic mélanges are located in central Anatolia in the Tauride ophiolite belt. The stratigraphic sequence in the Divrigi ophiolitic mélange includes, from bottom to top, the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Akdag limestone, Upper Cretaceous Çalti ultramafic rocks, and the Curek listwaenite. The Divrigi ophiolitic mélange is intruded by the Late Cretaceous-Eocene Murmano pluton. The above stratigraphic sequence is followed by the Eocene-Paleocene Ekinbasi metasomatite and the Quaternary Kilise Formation.

The oldest sequence of rocks in Kuluncak ophiolitic mélange in the GuvenÇ area is the Karadere serpentine/ultramafic body overlain successively by the Kurtali gabbro, Gundegcikdere radiolarite, the GuvenÇ listwaenites, and the Buldudere Formation. All of these units are Late Cretaceous in age. The Karamagra siderite deposit in the Hekimhan area probably was formed in the Lower Cretaceous at the contact between Çalti ultramafic rocks and the Buldudere Formation. The Kuluncak ophiolitic mélange was intruded by a subvolcanic trachyte in the Late Cretaceous. The Eocene-Paleocene Konukdere metasomatite, the Miocene Yamadag volcanic rocks, and Quaternary slope deposits are late in the stratigraphic sequence in the GuvenÇ area.

The Kuluncak ophiolitic mélange in the Karakuz area is similar to that at GuvenÇ; however, gabbro, radiolarite, and Miocene volcanic rocks are not present. The Miocene is represented by the Ciritbelen Formation at Karakuz and the Karakuz iron deposit is hosted by a Late Cretaceous subvolcanic trachyte.

The rareearth and trace-element concentration of serpentinite in the Divrigi and Kuluncak ophiolitic mélanges indicate that all of the ultramafics and their alteration products were derived from a MORB, which was depleted in certain elements and oxides. The results expressed in this study support the idea that the Divrigi and Kuluncak ophiolitic mélanges within the Tauride ophiolite belt originated from Northern Tauride oceanic lithosphere (Poisson, 1986), instead of a northern branch of Neo-Tethys (Sengor and Yilmaz, 1981).