Island-arc geochemical signatures of Cenozoic alkali-rich intrusive rocks from western Yunnan and their implication

Alkali-rich intrusive rocks in western Yunnan were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle （ EM Ⅱ ） source. The data available indicated they are alkali-rich （ K2o ＋ Na2o 〉 8wt% ） and shoshonitic. Although formed in a within-plate environment they exhibit signatures of arc magmatic rocks, such as high amounts of LILE and LREE relative to the HFSE and HREE, and thus high Ba/Nb, Ba/Zr, Sr/Y, La/Yb ratios as well as mimic chondrite-normalized REE and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of subducted sediments, and they fall in the collision- or arc-related tectonic setting field on all discrimination diagrams. This might suggest the enrichment be related to the substantial extent of sediment contamination by the Mesozoic Tethyan subduction processes.     

西准噶尔马拉苏早泥盆世火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 年龄、地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

马拉苏地区早泥盆世地层为一套滨海—浅海相火山—沉积岩系,对其中的火山岩夹层进行锆石U-Pb同位素定年和岩石地球化学研究,定年结果显示有大量的新太古代和中新元古代锆石,表明该区存在古老的大陆地壳物质。火山岩样品SiO2含量为52.38%~69.6%,Na2O含量为2.80%~4.85%,K2O为0.16%~0.96%,TiO2为0.5%~1.96%,Al2O3为14.62%~18.18%,MgO（1.08%~5.75%）变化范围较大,Mg#值在22.92~38之间,具有高钠、低钾的特征,属于钙碱性、低钾拉斑系列。稀土元素总量∑REE=73×10-6~115×10-6,LREE/HREE值为2.66~3.25,具有明显的Eu负异常（0.83~0.92）。玄武安山岩样品相对富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,与典型火山弧玄武岩地球化学特征一致。英安斑岩样品也具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素的特征,反映源区可能有较多壳源物质的加入,其稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图与玄武安山岩相似,表明其可能为同源岩浆演化的产物。综合研究认为,这套火山岩具有岛弧火山岩特征,形成于板块俯冲拼贴过程中的岛弧环境。     

拉萨地体北部永珠地区早白垩世岩浆岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义

拉萨地体北部出露大面积早白垩世岩浆岩,对它们的成因和形成机制的研究,有助于揭示拉萨地块白垩纪时期的岩浆作用过程及动力学背景.通过岩石学、地球化学和同位素地质学方法对拉萨地体北带永珠地区早白垩世中-酸性岩浆岩进行了研究.结果显示黑云母二长花岗岩、流纹岩和安山岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为118±1.0 Ma、121±0.8 Ma和115±0.8 Ma,代表了其侵入和喷出时代.黑云母二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩和流纹岩为高钾钙碱性过铝质-强过铝质岩浆岩（A/CNK=1.01~1.35）,亏损高场强元素Nb、P、Ti和大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和放射性元素U、Th;稀土配分图显示LREE富集,HREE近平坦,Eu明显负异常,为形成于大陆边缘的岛弧岩浆岩特征.黑云母二长花岗岩和流纹岩的锆石Hf初始比值ε_Hf（t）分别为-1.21~3.01和-0.68~5.35,对应的两阶段模式年龄分别为0.99~1.26 Ga和0.84~1.22 Ga,为壳幔混源岩浆.安山岩为高钾钙碱性,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、U和Sr,富集Rb、K和Th,稀土配分图显示LREE富集,HREE近平坦,Eu轻微负异常,为形成于大陆边缘弧的岩浆岩.结合前人研究成果,分析认为永珠地区早白垩世岩浆岩形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳南向俯冲作用下的大陆边缘弧环境,由俯冲的班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋板片在深部脱水熔融,进而诱发上覆地幔楔部分熔融形成基性岩浆上涌,导致下地壳物质发生部分熔融形成酸性岩浆,它们在上升过程中按不同比例混合,形成中性和酸性岩浆侵入到地下或喷出地表,形成侵入岩和火山岩.      

江西周潭群斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及其成因

周潭群斜长角闪岩的基本组成矿物是斜长石和角闪石，不同样品中还可以出现黑云母、石英和碱性长石等。所有斜长角闪岩显示石英拉斑系列特征，其稀土元素配分曲线呈平坦型，显示轻微的轻稀土亏损和Eu亏损，与由岛弧及洋拉斑玄武岩形成的斜长角闪岩的稀土分布型式及稀土特征一致。根据微量元素蛛网图的斜率和Nb、Zr异常情况以及低的Zr/Nb比值、V-Ti、Y－Cr、Zr-Ti-Sr、Zr-Y相关性，认为斜长角闪岩之原岩为岛弧型玄武岩，周潭群的原岩形成于岛弧环境。元素地球化学和Nd同位素特征指示它们的母岩浆起源于亏损程度低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到地壳物质的混染。     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks in the Yeba Formation on the Gangdise Magmatic Arc, Tibet

The Early Jurassic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Yeba Formation, situated between Lhasa, Dagzê and Maizhokunggar, composed of metabasalt, basaltic ignimbrite, dacite, silicic tuff and volcanic breccia, are an important volcanic suite for the study of the tectonic evolution of the Gangdise magmatic arc and the Mesozoic Tethys. Based on systematic field investigations, we carried out geochemical studies on representative rock samples. Major and trace element compositions were analyzed for these rock samples by XRF and ICP-MS respectively, and an isotope analysis of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd was carried out by a MAT 262 mass spectrograph. The results show that the SiO2 contents in lava rocks are 41 %-50.4 % and 64 %-69 %, belonging to calc-alkaline basalt and dacite. One notable feature of the basalt is its low TiO2 content, 0.66 %-1.01 %, much lower than those of continental tholeiite. The ΣREE contents of basalt and dacite are 60.3-135 μg/g and 126.4-167.9 μg/g respectively. Both rocks have similar REE and other trace element characteristics, with enriched LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFS, similar REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The basalts have depleted Ti, Ta and Nb and slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.54-1.17 averaging 0.84. The dacites have depleted P and Ti and also slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.74-1.06 averaging 0.86. Major and trace elemental and isotopic studies suggest that both basalt and dacite originated from the partial melting of the mantle wedge at different degrees above the subduction zone. The spinal lherzolite in the upper mantle is likely to be their source rocks, which might have been affected by the selective metasomatism of fluids with crustal geochemistry. The LILE contents of both rocks were affected by metamorphism at later stages. The Yeba bimodal volcanic rocks formed in a temporal extensional situation in a mature island arc resulting from the Indosinian Gangdise magmatic arc.     

Mafic forearc cumulates and associated rocks in the central high-pressure belt of the Acatlán Complex of southern México: geochemical constraints

The high-pressure (HP) Piaxtla Suite at Tehuitzingo contains peridotites, gabbros, and serpentinized peridotites, as well as granitoids and metasedimentary rocks. The HP mafic rocks are characterized by low SiO₂ (38–52 wt.%) and high Mg# (～48–70), Ni (100–470 ppm), and Cr (180–1750 ppm), typical of cumulate compositions. Trace elements and rare earth element (REE) primitive mantle-normalized patterns display generally flat profiles, indicative of derivation from a primitive mantle with two distinct patterns: (1) gabbroic patterns are characterized by a positive Eu anomaly, low REE abundances, and slightly depleted high REE (HREE) relative to low REE (LREE), typical of cumulus olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase; and (2) mafic-intermediate gabbroic patterns exhibit very flat profiles characteristic of olivine and clinopyroxene as cumulus minerals. Their Nb/Y and Zr/TiO₂ ratios suggest a subalkaline character, whereas low Ti/V ratios indicate that the Tehuitzingo cumulates are island arc tholeiitic basalts that resemble modern, immature oceanic, forearc magmas. These cumulates have high values of ? _Nd(t) = 5.3–8.5 and ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.18–0.23, which renders calculations of model ages meaningless. Our data are consistent with the Tehuitzingo arc rocks being part of a tectonically extruded Devonian–early Carboniferous arc developed along the west margin of Gondwana.     

松辽盆地长岭断陷中基性火山岩的时代与其成因

锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,松辽盆地长岭断陷松南180井中基性火山岩形成于101～116 Ma的早白垩世晚期,属于营城组,非火石岭组火山岩。岩相学观察主要由安山岩和橄榄玄武岩组成,化学成分显示为玄武岩、粗面玄武岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,属碱性系列,镁质量分数较低,镁值较小（Mg^#=0.27~0.53）。稀土元素总量较高（w（∑REE）=（164.98~257.27）×10^-6）,轻重稀土分馏明显（（La/Yb）_N=6.60~10.96）,铕异常微弱（δEu=0.85~1.02）。富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素, Rb,K 相对亏损,相容元素（Cr、Co、Ni）质量分数低,高场强元素Nb、Ta弱富集,整体表现出与 OIB(洋岛玄武岩)一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩浆源区为软流圈地幔,经历了深部地幔流体的交代富集作用,岩浆未遭受地壳物质的混染。     

西藏冈底斯带叶巴组火山岩地球化学及成因

叶巴组早侏罗世双峰式火山岩分布在拉萨、达孜至墨竹工卡之间, 岩性为浅变质玄武岩、玄武质熔结凝灰岩、英安岩、酸性凝灰岩及火山角砾岩等.火山岩SiO₂含量集中在41%~50.4%和64%~69%两个区间, 为钙碱性系列的玄武岩和英安岩2类.玄武岩的显著特征是TiO₂含量极低, 仅为0.66%~1.01%, 远低于大陆拉斑玄武岩.玄武岩的稀土总量∑REE=60.3~135μg/g, 英安岩的稀土总量∑REE=126.4~167.9μg/g.玄武岩和英安岩具有相似的稀土和微量元素特征, 两者均为轻稀土富集型, 分布特征相似, 轻、重稀土的分馏较明显, Eu异常均不显著; 均表现为LILE、LREE富集, HFS、HREE亏损的特点.玄武岩亏损Ti、Ta、Nb、Zr, Nb和Ta仅略负亏损, Nb*=0.54~1.17, 平均为0.84;英安岩亏损HFS中P、Ti, Ta、Nb略负异常, Nb*=0.74~1.06, 平均为0.86.玄武岩类的ε_Nd(t) =0.96~10.03、(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7043~0.7064, 英安岩的ε_Nd(t) =-1.42~1.08、(87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.7038~0.7049.从微量元素和同位素成分看, 玄武岩和英安岩浆起源于俯冲带之上的地幔楔不同程度的部分熔融, 源岩可能是亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.源区曾受到具地壳成分特征的流体不均匀交代.后期变质作用对岩石大离子亲石元素含量有影响.叶巴组双峰式火山岩形成于成熟岛弧后期的短暂拉张环境, 是印支期冈底斯岩浆弧演化的结果.      

新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究

新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列,安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损,玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb,亏损高场强元素。研究表明,该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后,地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明,该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3％～6％的部分熔融得到;安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15％-28％的分离结晶形成。     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Metamorphic Mafic Rocks in the Wutai Complex

Neoarchean metamorphic mafic rocks in the lower and the middle Wutai Complex mainly comprise metamorphic gabbros, amphibolites and chlorite schists. They can be subdivided into three groups according to chondrite normalized REE patterns. Rocks in Group #1 are characterized by nearly flat REE patterns （Lan/Ybn=0.86-1.3）, the lowest total REEs （29-52 ppm）, and weak negative to positive Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.84-1.02）, nearly flat primitive mantle normalized patterns and strong negative Zr（Hf） anomalies. Their geochemical characteristics in REEs and trace elements are similar to those of ocean plateau tholeiite, which imply that this group of rocks can represent remnants of Archean oceanic crust derived from a mantle plume. Rocks in Group #2 are characterized by moderate total REEs （34-116 ppm）, LREE-enriched （Lan/Ybn=1.76-4.34） chondrite normalized REE patterns with weak Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.76-1.16）, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr（Hf）, Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spider diagram. The REE and trace element characteristics indicate that they represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Rocks in Group #3 are characterized by the highest total REEs （61-192 ppm）, the strongest LREEs enrichment （Lan/Ybn=7.12-16） with slightly negative Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.81-0.95） in the chondrite normalized diagram. In the primitive mantle normalized diagram, these rocks are characterized by large negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, Ti, negative to no Zr anomalies. They represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge enriched in slab-derived melts. The three groups of rocks imply that the formation of the Neoarchean Wutai Complex is related to mantle plumes and island-arc interaction.     

峨眉山大火成岩省中苦橄岩与其共生岩石的地球化学特征及其对源区的约束

本文对在峨眉山玄武岩省中新发现的苦橄质岩石及其共生玄武岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明,除苦橄质岩石外,与其共生的玄武质岩石均属高Ti玄武岩。其主要元素特征与大多数大陆溢流玄武岩省相似,表现为高Fe_8、(CaO/Al_2O_3)_8和低Na_8,指示其形成压力高;其稀土和微量元素配分曲线相似,表现为轻稀土富集、高场强元素(HFSE)相对亏损,并且不存在Nb、Ta的负异常,而存在P和K的相对亏损。一些反映源区特征的比值,如La/Ta、La/Sm、(La/Nb)_(PM)、(Th/Ta)_(PM),Ta/Hf,Nb/Zr等,变化范围小,均指示了其地幔柱成因,且上升过程中很少或没有受到岩石圈地幔或地壳物质的混染,是石榴子石二辉橄榄岩在>75km时经大约7％的部分熔融的产物。而地幔柱的轴部位置可能位于现今云南丽江县城一带。     

东北伊春地区桃山古元古代花岗岩的发现

伊春桃山花岗岩具有高硅、富碱和低钙、镁、偏铝质-过铝质特点,稀土元素配分模式以轻稀土元素略微富集且缓向右倾斜、重稀土元素较为平坦、具有铕亏损的海鸥型,富集高场强元素(HFS)Zr和Ga,亏损Ba、Sr、Eu等大离子亲石元素,与区域上晚二叠世-早侏罗世的正长-碱长花岗岩具有类似的岩石地球化学特征。花岗岩锆石CL图像表明,锆石具有明显的继承性核和新生的边,核部的稀土微量元素变化较大,而新生的锆石边部稀土微量元素较稳定,说明部分锆石的核部受到了后期热事件的影响,而边部则是溶解后再沉淀的产物,即岩浆结晶作用形成。但无论是核部还是边部,它们的微量元素特征都指示其形成于大陆地壳环境,而非洋壳环境。锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年结果表明,继承性锆石核具有两组平均年龄,分别为2540±10Ma和2471±12Ma,新生的锆石边部平均年龄为1821±10Ma。结合上述特征,我们认为,桃山花岗岩的源岩年龄为2.54Ga,区域上构造热事件的年龄为2.47Ga,而花岗岩的结晶年龄为1.82Ga,因此,桃山花岗岩所在的地区可能为一前寒武纪的古老微陆块。     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archaean metavolcanic amphibolites from Fiskenaesset,S. W. Greenland

The meta-volcanic amphibolites closely associated with the Fiskenaesset anorthosite complex can be subdivided on the basis of trace element patterns or mineral chemistry; by far the most abundant type has light rare-earth element (LREE) depleted REE patterns and displays a wide range in trace element abundances. Chemically comparable amphibolites can be recognised throughout the ca. 2800 M.yr. West Greenland terrain.The geochemistry of the basaltic amphibolites is dominantly controlled by fractional crystallisation processes, although variable degrees of partial melting may also be important. The required crystal extract (plagioclase dominated) in the proposed fractionation scheme is very similar to the primary mineralogy of cumulates of the Fiskenaesset complex and trace element models support a genetic relationship between the anorthosite complex and enclosing host amphibolites.The application of trace element discrimination to assign tectonic environment in the Archaean is arguable. However, details of the trace element chemistry (especially chondritic La/Ta ratios) are taken to suggest, out of a range of likely tectonic environments, an ocean floor, rather than island arc, affinity for the Fiskenaesset amphibolites. The large ion lithophile (LIL) elements display erratic distribution patterns, but are generally enriched relative to the REE. This appears not to be related to high-grade metamorphism but may be a relict feature of seafloor alteration. The association of the cumulate sequence with meta-volcanic amphibolites and metasediments probably represents an ocean floor assemblage emplaced into the lower crust during crustal accretion.     

大兴安岭嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究。测年结果显示嫩江地区中生代双峰式火山岩形成于127.5Ma的早白垩世晚期。岩石地球化学研究表明,早白垩世晚期火山岩具有双峰式组合特点,基性端员富碱,富含轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Y）,形成于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融和分离结晶作用,形成的过程可能含有少量的陆壳混染。酸性端员显示A型流纹岩的特征,为幔源岩浆底侵,使中下地壳岩石发生部分熔融的成因。双峰式火山岩组合的存在暗示其形成于陆内拉张的构造环境。结合区域上中生代火山岩的空间展布特征,嫩江地区早白垩世晚期双峰式火山岩的形成应与太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲作用有关。     

Geochemistry of the shawmere anorthosite complex,kapuskasing structural zone,Ontario

The Archean Shawmere Anorthosite Complex, at the southern end of the Kapuskasing Structural Zone, consists dominantly of anorthosite (An_{65 –85}) with minor gabbroic and ultramafic units, which are completely enclosed and cut by tonalites. Both the anorthosites and the tonalites are themselves cut by narrow dikes of gabbroic anorthosite. All of the rocks have undergone high grade metamorphism and are recrystallized so that few igneous textures remain.The anorthosites, gabbros and ultramafic rocks of this complex are cumulates which contain calcic plagioclase (An_65–95) and have atomic Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺) ratios (Mg#) greater than 0.6; less than 3 ppm Rb; 150–210 ppm Sr; and less than 60 ppm Ba. REE abundanees range from 0.2 to 10 times chondritic and exhibit both light-enriched and light-depleted REE patterns. The lower Mg^# for the samples having more enriched light REE indicates substantial fractions of ferromagnesian minerals crystallized in addition to plagioclase during fractional crystallization, suggesting that the parent magma was basaltic, and not anorthositic. The ranges in Sr, Ba and REE abundances required for the magmas are typical of those for tholeiitic basalts from Archean greenstone belts. Thus the Shawmere Anorthosite Complex may represent cumulates of a crustal-level magma chamber which could have been the immediate source of basic Archean volcanics.One gabbroic anorthositic dike sample has a steeply fractionalted REE pattern with heavy REE abundances less than chondrites and a large positive Eu anomaly. The proposed interpretations is that this rock formed by partial melting of mafic cumulates, perhaps those of the Shawmere Anorthosite Complex itself.     

Geochemistry of mafic dikes in the Singhbhum Orissa craton: implications for subduction-related metasomatism of the mantle beneath the eastern Indian craton

Mafic dikes, which transect the Mesoarchaean Singhbhum Granitoid Complex, are the most abundant members of the Newer Dolerite dikes of the Singhbhum Orissa craton. These dikes are subalkaline and exhibit a tholeiitic differentiation trend. Studied dikes underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase. They show enriched patterns for the light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE). On primitive mantle-normalized multi-element patterns, they possess Ba, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti depletions similar to subduction-related basaltic rocks. The high (La/Yb) _n and (Gd/Yb) _n ratios suggest that the studied mafic dikes were derived by low degrees of partial melting of a garnet-bearing source. Judging by trace elemental ratios (e.g. Ba/Y, Nb/Y, Ba/Th and Th/Nb), the studied dikes were derived from a mantle source metasomatized by a subduction component (e.g. fluids derived by dehydration of the subducting slab). We conclude that interaction between these fluids and the overlying mantle was the main cause of (LREE and LILE) enrichment and Nb (high field strength elements) depletion in the mafic dikes.     

青海热水地区晚三叠世火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境

青海热水地区位于秦祁昆三大造山带的结合部位,该区发育晚三叠世鄂拉山组火山岩。岩石类型以英安岩及英安质火山碎屑岩为主,其次为中性的安山质火山岩和酸性的流纹质火山岩,为一套高K、低Ti、准铝质的钙碱性系列火山岩。SiO2含量为59.62%~76.46%,总碱含量ALK为6.59%~8.04%,ANK在1.14~1.80,里特曼系数σ在1.72~2.41,岩石矿物结晶分离程度高,但固结程度一般。稀土总量REE在126.76×10-6~240.07×10-6,LREE/HREE均值为10.19,属轻稀土富集型,且轻稀土富集程度高于重稀土富集程度,δEu值多在0.37~0.56亏损较为明显,稀土元素标准化配分曲线均呈右倾较缓的平滑曲线。大离子半径亲石元素Rb、Ba、U、K、Th较为富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等较为亏损,原始地幔标准化配分曲线呈明显左高右低的"W"型,具有明显的弧火山岩特点。Mg#大部分在16~36,206 Pb/204 Pb=18.181~18.218,207 Pb/204 Pb=15.570~15.588,208 Pb/204 Pb=38.368~38.529,显示岩浆来源于下地壳。该区火山岩与A型俯冲构造活动有关,利用Hf/3-Th-Nb/16等构造环境判别图解分析,其形成于陆缘弧环境。     

Calc-alkaline, Shoshonitic, and Primitive Tholeiitic Lavas from Monogenetic Volcanoes near Crater Lake, Oregon

Quaternary monogenetic volcanism in the High Cascades of Oregonis manifested by cinder cones, lava fields, and small shields.Near Crater Lake caldera, monogenetic lava compositions include:low-K (as low as 0?09% K₂O) high-alumina olivine tholeiite (HAOT);medium-K. calc-alkaline basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite;and shoshonitic basaltic andesite (2?1% K₂O, 1750 ppm Sr at54% SiO₂). Tholeiites have MORB-like trace element abundancesexcept for elevated Sr, Ba, and Th and low high field strengthelements (HFSE), and they represent near-primary liquids. Theyare similar to HAOTs from the Cascades and adjacent Basin andRange, and to many primitive basalts from intraoceanic arcs.Calc-alkaline lavas show a well-developed arc signature of highlarge-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and low HFSE. Their Zrand Hf concentrations are at least partly decoupled from thoseof Nb and Ta; HREE are low relative to HAOT. Incompatible elementabundances and ratios vary widely among basaltic andesites.Some calc-alkaline lavas vented near Mount Mazama contain abundantgabbroic microxcnoliths, and are basaltic andesitic magmas contaminatedwith olivine gabbro. A calc-alkaline basalt and a few basaltic andesites have MgOand compatible trace element contents that suggest only minorfractionation. There appears to be a compositional continuumbetween primitive tholeiitic and calc-alkaline lavas. Compositionalvariation within suites of comagmatic primitive lavas, boththoleiitic and calc-alkaline, mainly results from differentdegrees of partial melting. Sources of calc-alkaline primarymagmas were enriched in LILE and LREE by a subduction componentand contained residual garnet, whereas sources of HAOTs hadlower LILE and LREE concentrations and contained residual clinopyroxene.High and variable LILE and LREE contents of calc-alkaline lavasreflect variations in fluid-transported subduction componentadded to the mantle wedge, degree of partial melting, and possiblyalso interaction with rocks or partial melts in the lower crust. Andesites were derived from calc-alkaline basaltic andesitesby fractionation of plagioclase+augite+magnetite+apatite ? orthopyroxeneor olivine, commonly accompanied by assimilation. Many andesitesare mixtures of andesitic or dacitic magma and a basaltic orbasaltic andesitic component, or are contaminated with gabbroicmaterial. Mingled basalt, andesite, and dacite of Williams Craterformed by multi-component, multi-stage mixing of basaltic andesiticmagma, gabbro, and dacitic magma. The wide range of compositionsvented from monogenetic volcanoes near Crater Lake is a resultof the thick crust coupled with mild tectonic extension superimposedon a subduction-related magmatic arc.     

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中斜长角闪岩的地球化学、同位素年代学及其地质意义

哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带位于青藏高原东南缘,是西南三江地区重要的北西向造山带。杂岩带主要由各种类型的副片麻岩、片岩、石英岩、大理岩和斜长角闪岩构成,岩石发生强烈的糜棱岩化。本文在哀牢山变质杂岩带东南段元江和金平地区以及大象变质杂岩带北段老街和Pho Rang地区发现了中二叠-早三叠世的斜长角闪岩。岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄研究表明,这些斜长角闪岩可分为4组：第1组为元江斜长角闪岩,具有类似于E-MORB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,锆石U-Pb定年显示其原岩形成年龄为272.5±1.7Ma;第2组为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩,相比于元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）具有更高的轻/重稀土分馏程度,其稀土和微量元素配分曲线类似于E-MORB,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb、Th/Yb等）显示具有沿MORB-OIB序列演化的趋势,勐桥和马鞍底斜长角闪岩中的Ti含量和Ti/Y比值等特征分别类似于峨眉山低Ti玄武岩和高Ti玄武岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩形成于265.2±1.0Ma~266.2±1.0Ma和250.4±1.5Ma~248.7±1.6Ma,其中晚期岩石中含有261.2±1.5Ma~257.9±1.6Ma的继承锆石,该年龄与峨眉山玄武岩（约260Ma）近于同期。上述证据表明勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩岩浆演化过程中可能混染了部分具有OIB属性的峨眉山地幔柱物质成分;第3组为大象山老街-Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,具有类似于OIB的稀土和微量元素配分曲线特征,微量元素含量和比值（TiO₂=3.28%~4.31%,Nb/La=0.84~1.01,Ti/Y>500等）特征显示与峨眉山高Ti玄武岩相似的地球化学属性,表明峨眉山玄武岩在哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内广泛分布,该岩石成分可能为勐桥-马鞍底斜长角闪岩（第2组）的端元组分之一;第4组为大象山Pho Rang斜长角闪岩,该组岩石具有与元江斜长角闪岩（第1组）相似的E-MORB属性特征。进一步的研究表明,哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带中具有类似于E-MORB属性的斜长角闪岩均表现出不同程度的Nb、Ta元素亏损和Rb、Ba等大离子元素富集,微量元素比值（Nb/Yb（0.72~5.29）,Th/Yb（0.11~0.87）,La/Nb（0.91~8.83））等特征类似于岛弧玄武岩,这些特征指示其原岩岩浆可能是俯冲环境下地幔楔岩石部分熔融的产物。结合哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带、哀牢山-马江缝合带以及扬子地块之间的时-空关系,本文推测哀牢山-大象山变质杂岩带内的E-MORB类型岩浆岩形成于东古特提斯支洋（即哀牢山-马江洋）向东的俯冲过程,其俯冲持续时间为中二叠-早三叠世（272~248Ma）。     

Middle Devonian volcanic rocks in the Weibao Cu–Pb–Zn deposit,East Kunlun Mountains,NW China: Zircon chronology and tectonic implications

The Weibao copper–lead–zinc deposit, located in the eastern part of the Qimantagh area, East Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB), consists of three skarn ore blocks known as Weixi, Main and Weidong from west to east. The mineralization within the Weibao Cu–Pb–Zn deposit is hosted by the Mesoproterozoic Langyashan Formation. In this study, we describe for the first time basaltic lavas that intruded into this host sequence and chronological, isotopic, major and trace element data of these volcanic rocks are presented here to constrain their eruption age as well as the tectonic setting. Two basaltic lava samples yield sensitive, high-resolution ion-microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon ages of 393.0 ± 5.5 Ma–392.0 ± 5.0 Ma, indicating that volcanic rocks in the Weibao deposit erupted in Middle Devonian. The majority of the volcanic rocks have compositions characterized by high potassium, light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched patterns in chondrite-normalized rare earth elements (REE) diagrams, and evident enrichment of Rb, Ba and K and depletion of Th, U, Nb and Ta contents in primitive mantle-normalized patterns, although the degrees of enrichment and depletion are variable. These characteristics of major and trace element data highlight a hornblende-dominated fractionation during ascent of magmas. The εHf(T) values of zircons are relatively scattered and slightly enriched, ranging from −2.6 to +7.5. Modelling the features of the major, trace and isotopic element data indicates a hybrid origin involving combined depleted mantle (and hence asthenospheric mantle) and melts and/or fluids inherited from an early subduction event. Besides, these geochronological and geochemical data, together with previously published data in the EKOB, suggest that the Weibao basaltic lavas formed in a post-collisional setting, and that the Qimantagh area underwent strong interactions between mantle and crust in Early Paleozoic–Middle Devonian.