空间决策支持系统开发平台及其应用实例

空间决策支持系统（Ｓｐａｔｉａｌ Ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ Ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ＳＤＳＳ）作为在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）和决策支持系统（ＤＳＳ）基础上发展起来的一个新光科学技术领域,自本世纪８０年代中后期后来,在国内外已引起越来越广泛的关注和重视。通过大量文献的分析表明：对这种系统目前尚有许多不同的理解和认识。作者认为只有那些能够帮助决策者生成、比较和选择空间决策方案的信息系统才能纳入ＳＤＳＳ的范     

GIS发展的最新趋势及其应用前景

简要分析了目前ＧＩＳ研究领域的主要方向及其基本基本内容,其中包括组件（Ｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ）ＧＩＳ、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ或Ｉｎｔｅｒａｎｅｔ ＧＩＳ、Ｄａｔａ Ｗｓｒｅｈｏｕｓｉｎｇ、ＳＤＩ、３Ｄ ＧＩＳ、ＧＩＳ与多媒体数据的集成及虚拟现实技术等。阐述了ＧＩＳ的开发应用领域及其现状,最后对ＧＩＳ的开发应用提出一些建议。     

网络GIS及其实现方式

根据不同的网络体系－局域网、Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ（ＷＥＢ）网,分别介绍了ＧＩＳ的实现方式以及各自的特点和功能的差异。特别阐述了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ（ＷＥＢ）ＧＩＳ的三种实现手段－ＣＧＩ方式、Ｊａｖａ方式及ＣＯＭ／ＤＣＯＭ模型和各自的优缺点。在总结三种网络ＧＩＳ特点后,文章分析指出：ＧＩＳ网络实现方式的不同,从本质上讲是由于其功用不同形成的。     

空间数据转换标准：一种数据交换的促进因素

空间数据转换标准（ＳＤＴＳ）作为一个标准似乎有点似非而是。标准有助于制定规则并保持其稳定性。就此而论，ＳＤＴＳ既可作为数据交换的一个标准也可作为一种摧化剂。除了它是第一个主要的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）标准外，ＳＤＴＳ呼吁并在继续呼吁，在整个联邦组织及与之有关的其它组织中进行有意义的数据交换。ＳＤＴＳ所进行的数据交换将注意力集中在ＧＩＳ标准的重要性上，而重要性本身又是产生ＧＩＳ标准基础设施的根本动力。     

虚拟GIS—GIS和科学可视化的集成

本文叙述了科学可视化技术和地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）结合的必要性,介绍了当前这方面的研究现状,引入了虚拟ＧＩＳ这一概念,提出了一个虚拟ＧＩＳ的概略模型,并说明了虚拟ＧＩＳ与互联网络的关系。     

MGIS地图符号库的面向对象设计与改进

结合中国矿业大学北京校区矿业地理信息系统（Ｍｉｎｉｎｇ ＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌＩｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＭＧＩＳ）开发研制的实际,论述了基于ＭＧＩ 的地图符号库的特点及其面向对象的设计与实现技术以及用Ｏ）ＤＢＶ外接数据库管理符号属性数据的方法。结合研究开发实际重点论述设计中在符号设计方法、存储方式及符号库结构方面所做的改进。     

地理信息系统建库技术--GIS建库之星

本文介绍参考空间数据转换标准（ＳＤＴＳ）开发的针对ＧＩＳ工程面向开心行理信息系统（ＯＧＩＳ）的地理信息系统建库技术及其软件系统ＧＩＳ建库之星（ＧＩＳＷＢ）,并介绍基估多个大型地理信息系统工程实践中应用的情况。     

UGS4．0（for Windows）通用符号绘图软件简介

ＵＧＳ４．０（ｆｏｒ　Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ）通用符号绘图软件简介１ＵＧＳ４．０（ｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ）的用途本系统提供符号库（ＳＹＭＤＢ）与符号绘图（ＵＧＳＹＭ）两大软件，是Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ和ＢｏｒｌａｎｄＣ＋＋环境下开发图形软件，或开发ＧＩＳ等的图形输出模...     

GIS与ES的结合及其应用初探

本文探讨了地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）与专家系统（ＥＳ）结合的必要性、结合的方法以及应用于城市区划管理的ＺＯＭＡＮ系统（ＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＧＩＳ＆ＥＳｆｏｒＺｏｎｉｎｇＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ）的结构、功能与应用实例。     

从GIS数据库中发现知识

从数据库中发现知识（ＫＤＤ）是当前人工智能界的研究热点，本文先简要介绍了ＫＤＤ的一些基本情况，然后探讨了ＫＤＤ在ＧＩＳ中应用的可能性和必要性，并就从ＧＩＳ数据库中发现知识的方法进行了讨论。     

基于GIS和SD方法的社会经济发展与生态环境响应动态模拟预测研究

在着重于空间现象分析处理的GIS与动态模拟的SD方法结合的模式下，动态模拟预测了不同社会经济发展策略对生态环境的影响，揭示了生态经济系统社会经济发展与生态环境相互影响关系，为区域可持续发展提供决策支持服务。     

GIS- and RS-based spatial decision support: structure of a spatial environmental information system (SEIS)

Abstract

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management, e.g. forest and agroecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, or hydrological planning, started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s. The combined availability of spatial data and communication, computing, positioning, geographic information system (GIS)- and remote sensing (RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s. The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources, and therefore ecosystems in general, requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database. Spatial data on topography, soil, climate, land use, hydrology, flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available. Therefore, GIS- and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis. In this context, the structure of spatial environmental information systems (SEIS) is introduced. In SEIS, the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven sub-information systems: base geodata information system (BGDIS), climate information system (CIS), soil information system (SIS), land use information system (LUIS), hydrological information system (HIS), spatial/temporal biodiversity information system (STBIS), forest/agricultural management information system (FAMIS). The major tasks of a SEIS are to (i) provide environmental resource information on a regional level, (ii) analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and (iii) simulate scenarios of different impacts.     

Coupling of remote sensing data and environmental-related parameters for dengue transmission risk assessment in Subang Jaya,Malaysia

In Malaysia, the endemic level of dengue fever (DF) has already changed morbidity indicators, and the magnitude of these incidences in the last few years has surpassed the incidences of all other diseases of compulsory notification. The reasons for the dramatic emergence of DF are complex and not well understood. There are many factors that contribute to the epidemiological conditions that favour viral transmission by the main mosquito vector. This study, therefore, is filling this gap by analysing the impact of dengue incidence at a local (Subang Jaya) scale using environmental factors. Meteorological data and land-use pattern were consolidated using geographic information system (GIS) and its components as an analytical tool. We have shown that weather variables (relative humidity, temperature and precipitation) have significant correlation with DF incidence with seasonal variation. Besides land-use pattern, DF incidence shows the higher distribution in the residential area, followed by commercial and industrial area. This is due to the higher population density in residential area as well as favourable places for the breeding of dengue-carrying Aedes mosquitos created by humans in the residential area, especially one-storey houses. The analysis on the trends of DF incidence towards various housing types indicate that most of the victims’ houses fall into interconnection houses and mixed houses types compared to the independent houses area. The outcome driven from this analysis suggested that each character of the environmental factors has their own risk towards dengue incidence. In line with that, it is possible to develop a dynamic model of DF transmission using the knowledge produced by this comprehensive time series data and the results provided by the different analyses.     

基于遥感和GIS的环境敏感性分区研究

文章在对邹城区域生态环境状况进行分析和判别的基础上,确定了邹城环境敏感性单因子及分级依据。利用SRTM3数据,提取了邹城区域高程分级和坡度数据;利用TM遥感影像,通过监督分类和和人机交互解译方法提取植被要素和土地利用/覆被数据。结合收集到的矿产资源、自然保护及风景区及采煤塌陷风险分布专题信息建立敏感性分析数据库,使用ARCGIS平台进行空间叠加分析,得到邹城区域环境敏感性分区图。发现邹城区域重度敏感区主要分布在坡度较大、易发生水土流失地区以及山地;中度敏感区主要包括地下水源地、贡献较大的水体、自然保护区和部分塌陷风险较大的区域;轻度敏感区多为天然及人工林地。对于不同敏感级别的地区应有针对性地采取保护性开发,并在土地利用中尽量避免对重度及中度敏感区的干预。最后指出了应用RS和GIS空间信息技术进行敏感性分区的作用和意义。     

“三规合一”服务的空间信息技术:地理模拟与优化

中国的国民经济和社会发展规划、土地利用总体规划以及城乡规划都是法定规划,但由于规划主体、技术标准和编制办法、实施手段和监督机制等的不同,导致"三规分离"、各个规划之间相互冲突的问题较为突出。虽然国家为了消除冲突,正在开展"三规合一"的有关工作,但缺乏有关技术手段的支持。本文以地理信息科学为出发点,对地理过程建模在国内外研究中的应用进行了总结,阐述了地理模拟与优化的框架体系可以成为目前中国正在进行的"三规合一"工作的重要理论和方法支撑。     

区域可持续发展评价信息系统研究

自然科学、技术与社会科学的有机结合是可持续发展研究中非常重要而有效的途径之一。在研究区域可持续发展指标体系的基础上，探讨基于利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术的可持续发展评价信息系统，提出了系统的设计框架与实现方式。选择四川省攀枝花市作为研究区域，建立该市可持续发展指标体系和可持续发展评价信息系统，将可持续发展信息基础数据库、指标计算、指标的可视化表现、评价报告的自动生成及空间信息查询等集成为一体，并实现了系统的开放性、网络化，是规划方案制定、决策实现和公众参与的有效便捷工具，可以为可持续发展规划、管理决策提供科学依据。     

空间数据发掘和知识发现的框架

探讨和提出了空间数据发掘和知识发现的理论技术框架，包括空间数据发掘和知识发现的定义与描述、理论框架、从空间数据库中可发现的知识类型及其应用、数据发掘与知识发现方法、空间知识发现系统的结构及开发方法等，最后探讨了空间数据发掘和知识发现的发展方向。     

t-GIS and environmental dynamic models

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｄａｙｉｔｓｅｅｍｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔａｎｄａｔｔｅｎ ｔｉｏｎｔｏＧＩＳｍａｉｎｌｙｆｏｃｕｓｏｎｔｈｅａｓｐｅｃｔｏｆｓｐａｔｉａｌａｔ ｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｓｏｆｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ,ｎｏｔｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｌｙｏｎｔｉｍｅｆａｃｔｏｒ .Ｔｈｉｓｉｓａｎｅｒｒｏｎｅｏｕｓｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ,ａｎｄｉｔｗｉｌｌｂｅｄｉｓａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｕｓｔｏｔｈｅｂａｌａｎｃｅｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐ ｍｅｎｔｏｆＧＩＳｗｈｅｎｅｘｐｌａｉｎｉ…     

Spatial modelling of site suitability assessment for hospitals using geographical information system-based multicriteria approach at Qazvin city,Iran

Due to the population growth and continuous migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, it is important to identify the suitable locations for future development in order to find suitable sites for various kinds of facilities such as schools, hospital and fire stations for new and existing urban areas. Site suitability modelling is a complex process involving various kinds of objectives and issues. Such a complex process includes spatial analysis, use of several decision support tools such as high-spatial resolution remotely sensed data, geographical information system (GIS) and multi criteria analysis (MCA) such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and in some cases, prediction techniques like cellular automata (CA) or artificial neural networks (ANN). This paper presents a comparison between the results of AHP and the ordinary least square (OLS) evaluation model, based on various criteria, to select suitable sites for new hospitals in Qazvin city, Iran. Based on the obtained results, proximity to populated areas (0.3) and distance to air polluted areas (0.23–0.26) were the two highest important criteria with high weight value. The results show that these two techniques not only have similarity in size (in m²) for each suitability class but they also have similarity in spatial distribution of each class in the entire study area. Based on calculations of both techniques, 1–2%, 25%, 40–43%, 16–20% and 14% of study areas are assigned as ‘not suitable', ‘less suitable', ‘moderately suitable', ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' areas for construction of new hospitals. Results revealed that a 75% similarity was found in the distribution of suitability classes in Qazvin city using both techniques. Nineteen per cent (19%) of the study area are assigned as ‘suitable' and ‘most suitable' by both methods, so these areas can be considered as safe or secure areas for clinical purposes. Moreover, almost all (99.8%) suitable areas are located in district 3, because of its higher population, less numbers of existing hospitals and large numbers of barren land plots of acceptable size.     

在中国构建全球导航卫星连续运行站网及其服务系统

全球导航卫星连续运行站系统可以维持相应地区的高精度、三维、地心、动态坐标框架,提供集约化的定位和导航服务,成为当前国际和国内发展迅速的一项基础设施建设。该系统可以广泛服务于国家大地基准、气象、地球动力学、地学灾害监测以及位置服务等领域。介绍了全球导航卫星系统连续运行站在国内建设的现状。提出了发展我国全球导航卫星系统连续运行站系统当前存在的三个方面的问题。对在中国构建国家级GNSSCORS系统的目的、原则和方案等方面进行了讨论。