十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏剖析及其地下隐伏礁的分布预测

广西宁明亭亮茅口组生物礁古油藏为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁石油藏之一。亭亮生物礁为大新（崇左）台地边缘发展起来的大型堤礁。礁的主要造架生物为海绵、水螅、苔藓虫及藻类等，其沉积组合具礁基、礁核、礁盖、礁间滩及礁前等亚相。该石油藏的含沥青储层主要位于礁体的上部和顶部，含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上。礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶蚀作用，同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关。烃源     

浙江桐庐冷坞二叠纪生物礁的发育模式

礁体底部具脉状层理的潮坪相碎屑沉积,礁体内部藻叠层岩夹层的存在,及礁体上部为煤系地层覆盖等都表明冷坞生物礁是一个典型的二叠纪岸礁;海绵骨架岩的存在表明它是个骨架型岸礁。     

东昆仑西段早-中二叠世生物礁相地层层序

本文以大量化石资料为基础,结合生物礁研究成果,重建了东昆仑造山带西段早-中二叠世礁相地层层序,确定了地层时代归属.礁相地层自下而上分为5个岩组.阿其克库勒组为陆块边缘碎屑陆棚之上的碳酸盐沉积和丘状生物礁建造,可建立类Schwagerina-Eoparafusulina组合带和Chalaroschwagerina-Pseudofusulinaparafecunda组合带,对比为下二叠统的中上部.查德尔塔格组为海侵期巨厚块状障壁礁碳酸盐岩,包含类Misellinaclaudiae组合和一个未定名组合,属中二叠世栖霞期.青石山组和碧云山组为同时异相沉积.前者以礁核相骨架灰岩为主,厚度巨大;后者为礁后-泻湖相黑色富有机质岩层,厚度较薄.二岩组同属类Polydiexodina-Neoschwagerina组合带内Cancellinaliuzhiensis亚带、Neoschwagerinasimplex亚带和Afghanellaschencki亚带的层位,时代为中二叠世茅口早-中期.喀尔瓦组为类复理石相砂板岩夹泥丘灰岩,含Afghanellaschencki亚带的化石,地层时代与青石山组(或碧云山组)上部相当.     

Early-Middle Permian Reef Frameworks and Reef-building Models in the Eastern Kunlun Mountains

Reef frameworks and building models of the Early-Middle Permian in the eastern Kunlun Mountains have been verified through studies of reef-building communities, palaeoecology and carbonate facies. The eastern Kunlun reefs are built mainly by 6 reef-building communities, which include 11 major categories of frame-building organisms and 6 categories of reef-associated organisms. Eight types of reef-frames have been distinguished and eleven kinds of rocks identified to belong to 6 reef facies. Three sorts of reefs classified by previous researchers, namely mudmounds, knoll reefs and walled reefs, are well developed in the study area. Such reef-facies association and reef distribution show that there are 4 models of reef growth and development, i.e. the tidal-bank knoll-reef model, the plateau-margin wall-reef model, the composite wall-reef model and the deep-water mudmound model. The reefs are mainly constructed by calcareous sponge and calcareous algae, which are similar to all Permian reefs in other area     

广西柳桥地区上二叠统礁灰岩中发现沥青

研究区位于广西扶绥县东门镇和柳桥镇之间,主要分布上二叠统和下三叠统地层.上二叠统包括合山组、上二叠统礁灰岩和大隆组.下三叠统罗楼组由泥岩和灰岩组成.大隆组主要为放射虫硅质岩和泥岩,含有丰富的放射虫、有孔虫、介形虫、菌藻类、腕足类、菊石类和双壳类化石,是好的烃源岩层.礁灰岩具有大量裂隙和孔洞,是好的储集层.在柳桥地区东攀剖面、岜陇剖面和岜料剖面,礁灰岩裂隙和孔洞普遍被沥青充填.研究区上二叠统礁灰岩是值得注意的油气勘探远景区.     

Reef margin collapse, gully formation and filling within the Permian Capitan Reef: Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USA

An area of reef margin collapse, gully formation and gully fill sedimentation has been identified and mapped within Left Hand Tunnel, Carlsbad Caverns. It demonstrates that the Capitan Reef did not, at all times, form an unbroken border to the Delaware Basin. Geopetally arranged sediments within cavities from sponge–algal framestones of the reef show that the in situ reef today has a 10° basinwards structural dip. Similar dips in adjacent back-reef sediments, previously considered depositional, probably also have a structural origin. Reoriented geopetal structures have also allowed the identification of a 200-m-wide, 25-m-deep gully within the reef, which has been filled by large (some  >15 m), randomly orientated and, in places, overturned blocks and boulders, surrounded by finer reef rubble, breccias and grainstones. Block supply continued throughout gully filling, implying that spalling of reef blocks was a longer term process and was not a by-product of the formation of the gully. Gully initiation was probably the result of a reef front collapse, with a continued instability of the gully bordering reef facies demonstrated by their incipient brecciation and by faults containing synsedimentary fills. Gully filling probably occurred during reef growth, and younger reef has prograded over the gully fill. Blocks contain truncated former aragonite botryoidal cements, indicating early aragonite growth within the in situ reef. In contrast, former high-magnesian calcite rind cements post-date sedimentation within the gully. The morphology of cavern passages is controlled by reef facies variation, with narrower passages cut into the in situ reef and wider passages within the gully fill. Gully fills may also constitute more permeable zones in the subsurface.     

湖南慈利晚二叠世生物礁成岩作用及成岩相特征

所谓成岩相是指具有特征的成岩组构的岩体。研究成岩相的目的主要是通过对沉积物中不稳定颗粒在不同的成岩条件下的后生变化特征的研究来弄清其成岩环境的变化。本文通过对湖南慈利晚二叠世生物礁成岩特征的研究,从礁相体系中划分出四种基本的成岩相类型:即海底成岩相、混合成岩相、埋藏成岩相和表生成岩相。部分成岩相又可进一步划分出成岩亚相。     

东昆仑马尔争早中二叠世生物礁及其层序地层研究

通过东昆仑马尔争地区早中二叠世生物礁地层剖面的深入研究, 详细阐述了东昆仑马尔争早中二叠世生物礁的基本特征、生物礁的演化和层序地层, 根据岩石组合特征、生物群落及海平面变化划分了12个造礁旋回, 归纳出5个三级层序, 并将东昆仑早中二叠世生物礁与扬子地台的二叠纪生物礁进行比较研究, 提出了造山带活动大陆边缘生物礁发育的基本规律.      

湖南晚二叠世生物礁成岩作用的碳,氧同位素研究

本文通过对湖南晚二叠世生物礁中的有关胶结物及岩石的碳、氧稳定同位素研究,并结合薄片观察、探针成分分析、包裹体测温等,探讨了该地区生物礁成岩作用中的有关成岩特征。研究认为：①湖南晚二叠世生物礁中胶结物从早期到晚期δ＾１３Ｃ和δ＾１８Ｏ值总体上均有变轻的趋势,反映了礁体为一连续埋藏的成岩过程;②生物礁中所见白云石化现象主要属埋藏压实成因,礁休基本未受早期淡水或混合水影响;③礁中粗晶方解石胶结物形成于深     

右江盆地二叠纪生物礁时空分布和沉积构造演化新知

笔者等在右江盆地开展的1：5万区域地质调查工作中,研究了二叠纪海绵礁、藻礁的分布、时代、岩石类型、发育特征及发展演化,取得了新的认识,认为沿大小台地边缘断续发育的礁滩相沉积,是一套具有成因联系、密切相关的广义礁灰岩组合;礁灰岩主要形成于高水位期;成礁时代始于早二叠世紫松期晚期,并一直延续至晚二叠世末,划分为三个造礁期。完整连续、环状的礁滩相带及台缘沉积岩墙群、假不整合构造的分布、发育特征,证明右江盆地从泥盆纪至三叠纪是连续发育的沉积海盆;包含于三叠系中的晚古生代地层是孤立碳酸盐台地沉积,是原地系统,而非后期推覆构造形成的无根异地系统。     

贵州募役—陆国上二叠世礁灰岩特征及沉积环境分析

在贵州募役—陆国一带分布有大量上二叠礁灰岩,根据其剖面(纵向)、平面(横向)沉积环境进行研究,认为该区上二叠世早期是经历了5次深水台盆—开阔台地—浅水台地—礁相的演化过程,属海平面变化频繁"槽台相间"沉积环境。该区沉积环境是以募役—顶苏—陆国为界,西为深水盆地,往北东向出现台缘滩、礁相—局限台地相—滨岸海陆交互相依次展布,在陆国、木皮、顶苏、打鱼寨等地出现孤立台地、生物礁相。     

四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组台内藻礁沉积特征

四川盆地东部月005-H1井发现了中二叠统茅口组三段中发育的小型台内藻礁。岩心分析表明,该生物礁以藻格架灰岩为主,造礁生物以叶状藻为主、见少量苔藓虫,含虫筳类、非虫筳有孔虫、腕足类、双壳类、海百合、棘皮类等附礁生物,藻片之间沉积有灰泥和少量生物碎屑。礁体纵向上发育两个较为完整的旋回,每个旋回发育四个成礁阶段,单个旋回厚度约1.5 m,每个旋回发育四个礁阶段,并可划分出礁基、礁核、礁盖(基)等亚相类型。认为该生物礁的形成与峨眉地裂运动引起的基底正断活动有关,形成于"堑—垒"构造格局的浅水型碳酸盐岩断隆之上。推测该类藻礁灰岩可能与茅口组古风化壳岩溶型储层关系密切。     

川东北地区二叠系长兴组生物礁类型及控制因素

川东北地区二叠系长兴组生物礁内蕴含大量的天然气,为该区主力储层之一。长兴组生物礁类型有台地边缘礁和浅缓坡生物礁,均出现在高位期,主要分布在梁平-开江陆棚两侧。陆棚东侧是以普光地区为代表的台地边缘礁,西侧是以元坝地区为代表的浅缓坡生物礁。与浅缓坡生物礁相比,台地边缘礁具有规模大、期次少、造礁生物相对单一的特点。生物礁类型的差异主要受控于构造作用和沉积作用,构造作用的差异决定了生物礁发育的潜力,而沉积作用则决定了生物礁的规模。     

广西十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏及隐伏礁预测

广西宁明县亭亮下二叠统茅口组生物礁古油藏,为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁古油藏之一。该古油藏的含沥青储层主要分布于礁体的上部和顶部,含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上,礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶剂作用,同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关,论文深入探讨了礁古油藏形成的主要成岩作用类型及其埋藏一构造发展史,有机质演化史及成岩孔隙演化史三者的配置关系和成藏机理,另据地震和电法资料     

塔里木盆地西北缘二叠系礁灰岩的时空分布特征及其油气地质意义

对塔里木盆地西北缘二叠系礁灰岩的岩石、岩相、沉积演化和油气地质特征的分析表明,生物礁主要发育于中二叠统栖霞阶昆克拉契组和巴立克立克组,以亮晶藻粘结灰岩为主,具有堤礁的特点。二叠系礁灰岩较大的厚度表明,当时礁体生长速率与礁基沉降（或水体加深）的速率匹配较好,具有进积型沉积的特点,这与当时塔里木地块内部的退积型沉积特点是不一致的。礁灰岩的原生孔隙较小,可以作为中等烃源岩,在哈拉峻盆地的东南侧和乌什凹陷北缘的覆盖区之下可能构成与礁灰岩相关的油气远景区。     

Reef Formations in the West Canada Basin and Their Oil and Gas Potential

Devonian reefs are widespread in the West Canada Basin in three regions: lower Givetian in the north (Elk Point subbasin), upper Givetian and middle Frasnian in the central part (framing of the Peace River Arch), and middle Frasnian (southern end of the basin). Each stage of reef formation ended with regression, and the last reefs terminated long before the Frasnian/Famennian biotic crisis and mass extinction. Reefs of this basin are petroliferous. Moreover, the structure of reservoirs is determined by the reef type, and the highest reservoir properties are related to bioherm varieties in reefs.     

四川盆地东部长兴组礁灰岩缺乏大规模白云石化作用的原因分析及启示

位于四川盆地东部开江—梁平海槽西南侧台地边缘的长兴组礁灰岩,沉积时具有很高的原生孔隙度,但由于缺乏大规模白云石化作用,现今多数礁灰岩致密无孔。研究表明礁灰岩缺乏白云石化作用可能与早期白云石化流体供应不足有关,而并非如前人推测的是由于早期海水胶结作用将孔隙完全充填堵塞造成白云石化流体无法进入所致。早期海水胶结作用结束后,长兴组礁灰岩中仍存在大量孔隙及流体活动空间,但由于礁灰岩(礁核相)位于台地边缘靠近海槽的高能区,受早期沉积环境的控制,成岩流体为活跃循环的正常海水,不具备发生白云石化作用所需的轻度咸化海水渗透回流的条件。埋藏成岩环境下块状亮晶方解石的胶结作用是造成礁灰岩中孔隙完全丧失的原因。     

塔里木巴什托油气田巴楚组顶部油气层录井特征分析

详细分析了巴什托油气田BK2、BK3H、BK4H以及BK5H等6口井的地质录井资料,显示巴楚组顶部油气层自上而下见到的含油气级别一般为油斑、油迹、气测异常等,上好下差,油气主要集中于顶部油气层之顶上,反映出油气向上运移储集比较好。巴楚组及以上地层纵、横向上的稳定性较好,深度、厚度均变化不大,且以M4井为中心向各方向均呈现增厚—减薄有规律的交替变化。巴什托油气田巴楚组油藏具有较好的开采价值,但还应不断钻探寻找新的含油气构造,发现新的油气田。     

四川宣汉盘龙洞晚二叠世生物礁古油藏的发现及其重要意义

涉及四川盆地二叠系生物礁前人进行过一些专题研究和讨论(张继庆等,1990;吴熙纯等,1990;王生海等,1992;范嘉松等,1996,2002;朱同兴等,1999),但对四川盆地东北部的通江—南江 巴中至达县—宣汉一带的二叠系由于发现生物礁较少尚未进行生物礁的专题研究。到目前为止,该区在露头上所发现的晚二叠世生物礁主要有南江桥亭生物礁、通江铁厂河林场生物礁、宣汉渡口羊古洞生物礁以及开县的红花生物礁,在覆盖区通过对一些钻孔资料的研究,发现了铁山5井、天东10井、板东4井和双15井等生物礁。2002年,我     

Diagenetic controls on the isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate in the Permian Capitan Reef Complex,West Texas

Late Palaeozoic‐age strata from the Capitan Reef in west Texas show facies‐dependent heterogeneity in the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate, which is trace sulphate incorporated into carbonate minerals that is often used to reconstruct the sulphur isotopic composition of ancient seawater. However, diagenetic pore fluid processes may influence the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate. These processes variously modify the sulphur isotopic composition of incorporated sulphate from syndepositional seawater in shelf crest, outer shelf, shelf margin and slope depositional settings. This study used a new multicollector inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique to determine the sulphur isotopic composition of samples of individual depositional and diagenetic textures. Carbonate rocks representing peritidal facies in the Yates and Tansill formations preserve the sulphur isotopic composition of Guadalupian seawater sulphate despite alteration of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions by meteoric and dolomitizing diagenetic processes. However, sulphur isotopic data indicate that limestones deposited in reef and slope facies in the Capitan and Bell Canyon formations largely incorporate sulphate from anoxic marine‐phreatic pore fluids isotopically modified from seawater by microbial sulphate reduction, despite generally preserving the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of Permian seawater. Some early and all late meteoric calcite cements have carbonate‐associated sulphate with a sulphur isotopic composition distinct from that of Permian seawater. Detailed petrographic and sedimentary context for carbonate‐associated sulphate analyses will allow for improved reconstructions of ancient seawater composition and diagenetic conditions in ancient carbonate platforms. The results of this study indicate that carbonate rocks that diagenetically stabilize in high‐energy environments without pore fluid sulphate gradients can provide a robust archive of ancient seawater's sulphur isotopic composition.