基于景观基因“地域机制”的客家文化保护与传承开发——以湖南省炎陵县为例

根据客家文化景观基因理论及其"地域机制",以客家扩展聚居区炎陵县为例,结合历史文献查阅和实地调研,发掘分析该县客家文化的景观基因。研究结果表明:(1)迁徙由来、地域背景分别是客家文化景观的共同基因、本土基因;(2)由共同基因以"反客为主"的作用方式与本土基因形成了地方客家景观本质特性的主体基因;(3)保护与传承意识形态是决定其主体基因能否在世代遵循并坚守着"原汁原味"文化传统和文化精神传承过程中的人为基因。基于这些独特基因构成内在相关联的地域机制而所表达的特征,提出了应加强客家文化景观基因的数字化保护管理、传承开发政策等对策。     

江淮圩堡文化景观旅游开发研究——以肥西县四大圩堡为例

江淮圩堡是由淮军名将营造的具有军事防御功能的民居建筑,具有典型的历史文化价值和地域特色.作为一种文化景观,江淮圩堡有其独特的特征、构成要素和景观结构.论述四大圩堡文化景观的开发现状及其旅游开发存在的主要问题,分析江淮圩堡文化景观旅游开发价值,提出圩堡文化景观旅游开发的建议:注重圩堡资源的保护;利用刘铭传的影响加强与海峡两岸交流基地的结合;探索圩堡旅游开发的独特模式;合理规划圩堡群旅游开发的空间格局.     

文化景观对建构地方集体记忆的影响——以徽州呈坎古村为例

以对黄山市徽州区呈坎古村居民和游客的问卷调查和半结构式访谈为基础,综合运用独立样本t检验和ArcGIS空间分析等方法,分析了文化景观在地方集体记忆建构中的作用。结果显示,无论居民或游客,都对呈坎古村的宗族文化和风水文化形成了集体记忆,而罗东舒祠和水口园林等文化景观则在建构地方集体记忆中发挥了重要作用。但由于与景观接触的方式不同,居民比游客更重视景观的真实性,相对排斥重建和新建的景观,也较少受到导游词的影响;而游客则对景观的真实性不敏感,文化景观和导游解说都可能影响游客的地方记忆。因此,为更好引导对古村落的集体记忆的建构,不仅要重视保护传统文化景观,更要在景观重建或新建过程中尊重居民的建议,争取在居民的传统意识和游客的旅游想象中实现平衡。     

“中国民居的地方特色”校本课程教学案例

一、课程背景民居是人类生活的基本要素,也是文化景观的重要组成部分。中国地域辽阔,自然环境和社会环境差异很大,各民族的生产、生活和宗教信仰不同,在长期发展过程中,形成了不同风格的民居建筑。从这些具有显著地方特色的建筑中我们可以感受到自然条件对人类生     

黑龙江省湿地生态旅游资源开发对策

湿地以其独特的自然和文化景观为湿地旅游提供了有利条件。通过对黑龙江省湿地资源和湿地旅游资源的调查,阐述了湿地和湿地旅游资源的概况及其分布;分析了黑龙江省湿地旅游资源文化的多样性、景观多样性和生物多样性等特点;总结了湿地旅游资源开发中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了开发对策。     

中国城镇书法景观空间分异及其地方意义——以城镇商业街区为例

书法景观作为文化符号是中国传统文化景观的典型代表,是城镇文化景观的重要组成部分,其空间分布特征及其在全球化城市景观更新背景下的演化特征规律,是文化地理研究的重要问题。通过设计书法景观指数对北京、江苏、安徽、香港、四川等19个案例地典型地段的12种案例类型的书法景观调查统计,揭示了中国城镇书法景观存在多种明显的空间分异现象,即书法景观的空间分异存在于不同属性的城镇之间、城镇内部不同文化和功能属性的街区之间、以及同一街区的核心区与外围区之间。本文分析了影响中国城镇书法景观空间分异的基本因素-现代化和全球化、文化认同、城市更新、商业驱动,并构建了一个相应的机制模型。研究表明,中国人潜意识地将书法作为一种传统景观标志和传统文化象征符号,使得书法景观具备了空间地方界定和定义的功能,并促成了城镇中文化象征空间和地方感的形成以及书法景观的空间分异。书法景观研究对全球化和城市化过程中我国传统文化景观的保护具有一定的现实意义。     

亚热带山地民族文化与自然环境和谐发展实证研究--以云南省元阳县哈尼族梯田文化景观为例

一定的自然环境孕育了与之相适应的民族文化，而民族文化又对自然环境具有改造作用。民族文化与自然环境的相互适应是文化与环境持续存在的原因。本文通过深入到处云南南部亚热带山地地区的元阳县哈尼族地区的调查，提出和分析了哈尼文化与自然环境相互适应的结果一哈尼梯田文化景观的特征，并探讨了哈尼文化与自然环境两者梯田景观的关系，证实了哈尼梯田文化景观是哈尼文化与自然环境协调发展的结果，具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

历史文化商业街经营者的地方感研究——基于黄山市屯溪老街案例

历史文化商业街若能凸显地方性特征将更具吸引力,经营者的地方感不仅是商业街地方性水平的重要标志,更是地方性建构的主体基础。对屯溪老街经营者地方感进行了实地调研,初步探讨了经营者地方感的形成机制,并为历史文化商业街的优化发展提出了建议。研究结果表明:经营者地方感不仅受到地方文化景观和经营活动绩效的影响,更与经营者同游客的互动交流相关,而这也将影响到历史文化商业街的吸引力。老街商业开发的模糊定位一定程度上削弱了其地方性,但丰富的历史文化景观以及经营者与游客的频繁互动,则有助于增进经营者地方感。由此,历史文化商业街的发展不仅要重视保护特色文化景观,更要优化商业活动品质,促进经营者与游客的互动,这是增进经营者地方感和商业街吸引力的基本保障。     

基于乡村文化景观二元属性的保护模式研究

文化景观是人文地理学的核心概念,近年来,乡村旅游在促进乡村文化景观保护的同时,也使两者矛盾空前地尖锐化。为解决两者矛盾,从地格理论出发,探索适合我国乡村旅游促进文化景观开发与保护的模式体系。基于乡村文化景观具有的二元属性———乡村性和遗产性,提出了3种以乡村旅游促进文化景观保护发展的模式。研究认为:生态博物馆、乡村大舞台和景观嘉年华模式不仅有利于乡村社区和本土文化的结合,而且能够促进乡村旅游发展和文化景观保护。     

新疆喀什地区旅游景观多尺度与多样性分析

旅游资源多尺度和多样性的分析是科学判定区域内旅游资源开发品味和空间组合的基础,引入景观地理学的视角与方法,对喀什的旅游景观通过宏观尺度和微观尺度,对其旅游景观的多样性原因进行了自然和人文两方面的分析;根据旅游资源线状集中和等级集中度的分析,结合旅游资源开发的基础和潜力,将喀什旅游资源从民俗风情景观、自然景观、历史文化景观和沙漠高山景观四个方面进行了空间组合并指出了旅游资源开发的重点方向。     

Statewide Estimates of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold,Silver, Copper,Lead, and Zinc

Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits on a statewide basis offer a different perspective on the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Mean estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits statewide were extracted from the estimates of undiscovered deposits nationwide. More than 50 undiscovered deposits are estimated to occur in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, and Wisconsin. Estimating the number of undiscovered deposits statewide serves as a measure of a state's total remaining mineral resources in known conventional deposit types.     

南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)专家组会议

在本届南极地球科学讨论会(1987年8月24—28日)期间及会后,南极研究科学委员会(SCAR)分别举行了南极地质制图学、火山岩地质及岩石学、南方高纬度新生代古环境演化、南极岩石圈结构与演化四个专家组正式会议.由于时间冲突,笔者未能参加古环境会议.制图会议对讨论会上展示并向SCAR提交的图件逐一审议.其中地质图均为小范围大比例尺图,如巴西提交的乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛地形地质图(1∶1.5万);地球物理方面以航磁图为多;最引人注目的是大面积遥感图,利用卫(航)片经数据处理清晰地反映出地质构造或冰盖结构特征.会议着重讨论了今后几年计划实现的16幅图件(地质6、地球物理6、遥感3、水文1),其中主要有“南极地质全图”(1∶1千万,Tingey主编,“斯科舍弧构造图”(1∶3百万,J.W.Thomson主编),“罗斯海、威得尔海构造及地震剖面图”(比例尺未定,K.Hinz主编),“南极半岛地区地震剖面及地质图”(比例尺未定,C.O.Berbert主编)等.当讨论新遥感图件协调问题时,几家大公司代表就“LANDSAT”、“SPOT”、“AVHRR”等卫星及数据处理性能优劣争论激烈,并都希望由本公司承担这一任务.     

第五届国际南极地球科学讨论会

本届讨论会于8月24—28日在英国剑桥鲁宾逊学院举行,共有23个国家196名代表参加,其中美(54人)、英(51人)、西德(17人)、南非(8人)、意大利(8人)、澳大利亚(8人)、新西兰(8人)、日本(6人)等国代表人数较多.除正式代表以外,尚有许多自由听众(如英国南极局研究生、外国石油公司代表等).会议于24日上午开幕,英地调所长致2分钟简短祝词,会议主席(英南极局地质处主任)用M.Thomson教授作了有关说明,即开始宣读论文.     

Sediment Facies of a Low-Energy, Meso-Tidal, Fringing Reef, Singapore

Pulau (P.) Semakau comprises a narrow, low-lying island, surrounded by a wide fringing coral reef of late-Holocene age. The modern reef flat comprises a gently sloping surface related to modern mean low water neap tide level. Six sediment facies are recognised below the line of high water of which three, adjacent to the island, are composed of terrigenous minerals and rock fragments and three are autochthonous carbonates sediments developed since local sea-level still stand (c. 6,500 years BP). The fringing reefs of P. Semakau and Singapore differ from many of the reef forms recorded from Peninsular Malaysia waters and the Gulf of Thailand. The Singapore reefs have wide, well-developed intertidal reef flats, lack lagoons and reef crests, and have a very steep reef slope. In contrast to most other fringing reefs of the region, the Singapore reefs have developed in a low wave energy, meso-tidal environment lacking strong environmental gradients.     

Estimates of Number of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold,Silver, Copper,Lead, and Zinc in the United States

Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits offer a unique perspective on the nation's undiscovered mineral resources. As part of the 1998 assessment of undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc, estimates of the number of deposits were made for 305 of the 447 permissive tracts delineated in 19 assessment regions of the country. By aggregating number of undiscovered deposits by deposit type and by assessment region, a picture of the nation's undiscovered resources has emerged. For the nation as a whole, the mean estimate for the number of undiscovered deposits is 950. There is a 90% chance there are at least 747 undiscovered deposits and a 10% chance there are as many as 1,160 undiscovered deposits. For Alaska, the mean estimate for the number of undiscovered deposits is 281. There is a 90% chance there are at least 168 undiscovered deposits and a 10% chance there are as many as 402 undiscovered deposits. Assuming that the majority of deposits used to create the grade and tonnage models that formed the basis for estimating the number of undiscovered deposits are significant deposits, there remain about as many undiscovered deposits as have already been discovered. Consideration of the number of undiscovered deposits as part of national assessments carried out on a recurring basis serves as a leading indicator of the nation's total mineral resources.     

Annual regime of bedforms, roughness and flow resistance, Lillooet River, British Columbia, BC

A field study to examine the statistical character of dune morphology and the correlation among dune morphology, discharge, and flow resistance was conducted in a meandering reach of Lillooet River, near Pemberton, British Columbia, Canada. The field season spanned the 1995/1996 hydrologic year with sample day discharge events ranging between 33 and 425 m³ s⁻¹. Surveys of the bed morphology along the thalweg in two dune fields (A and B) were completed using an echo sounder with chart recorder that enabled the measurement of more than 4000 dunes. Dune height ranged between 0.08 and 0.96 m, length between 2.01 and 20.99 m, and steepness between 0.02 and 0.10. Histograms of each dune shape (height, length, steepness) sample most often displayed positive skewness and non-Gaussian distributions (Gamma, Beta, and Weibull); median sample height and length histograms displayed positive skewness; and steepness was nearly Gaussian. Histograms of all dimensionless dunes (i.e., measurement divided by average measurement of sample) were Gaussian and slightly leptokurtic. Neither the height nor length of dunes measured in this investigation were successfully predicted by the empirical models of Allen [Allen, J.R.L., 1984. Developments in Sedimentology. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis, 2nd edn. Elsevier, New York, vol. 30 (A and B), 1256 pp.], Fredsøe [J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 108(HY8) (1982) 932.], or Yalin [J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 90(HY5) (1964) 105.]. Least-squares regression models for dune–height relations produced here are similar to models published by other field researchers; regression models for dune length only conform to those developed elsewhere if the discharge of the study rivers was similar. The energy gradient in dune field A varied within a smaller range than in field B, enabling dune size to become more fully equilibrated with respect to flow environment. Although the average Froude numbers were much less than critical, dunes appeared to wash out towards a plane bed as discharge increased due to a change from a bedload to suspended-load dominated sediment-transport regime. Flow resistance increased most rapidly during changes in base flow and at the beginning and end of the seasonal flood; resistance tended to be smaller in field A than B, reflecting local differences in energy gradient. Flow resistance increased until a dune steepness of 0.070 was attained and then decreased. The steepness value was considered to be coincident with kolk generation [Dyer, K.R., 1986. Coastal and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics. Wiley, NY, 342 pp.], suggesting that macroturbulent flow structures play an important role in defining the roughness of dunes on a channel bed.