伪形心多边形形心距离计算方法

针对多边形形心距离计算过程中存在的形心位于多边形外的问题,该文提出伪形心的概念,通过三角剖分的方式,计算多边形边界到多边形形心距离最小的点,将形心合理地平移到边界上,进而计算多边形形心距离。针对伪形心存在于邻接边的特殊情况,又提出将形心平移到多边形主骨架线上的改进算法。该文提出的算法简单,易于实现,适用性强,进一步扩展了多边形形心距离计算的思路。     

质心法在航空影像框标定位中的应用

航片框标定位的精度直接影响摄影测量测图的质量,传统的基于影像匹配的框标定位算法精度只能达到像素级。文中提出一种模板匹配与质心法相结合的航片框标定位方法,先利用模板匹配进行概略定位,再利用质心法进行框标点的精确定位,将精度提高到亚像素级。实验证明该方法可以有效地提高精度。     

The “Cross Doppler count” method for comparison of Doppler receiver performances

A fast and simple method is proposed for Doppler receiver pair quality evaluation. By evaluating collocated raw Doppler data the noise characteristics of the receivers can be directly obtained. Test evaluations of JMR receivers are presented.     

A new method for precise astro-azimuths

The theodolite used in this method is completely leveled by using autocollimation from a free mercury surface. This eliminates the need for striding or hanging levels which are in conventional use to level the trunion axis of the theodolite. Mercury leveling is more accurate and can be performed in a much shorter time than leveling by the striding or hanging levels. In addition, this new method removes the unavoidable axis wobbles contaminating the observed horizontal angles between the star and the azimuth mark. The uncontrolled wobble errors affecting azimuths can be up to three arc seconds. The axis wobbles are removed by using autocollimation from an axis mirror which is perpendicular to the trunnion axis of the theodolite. Autocollimation coincidences from the mercury and from the axis mirror can be made within one or two tenths of an arcsecond. This new method and instrumentation surpasses the obtainable precision by the conventional first-order astro azimuth observations by reducing the unknown systematic wobble and level errors by one order of magnitude.     

摄影测量系统精度测试新方法

根据经纬仪测量系统点位真实精度的经验值和分别用工业摄影测量系统与经纬仪测量系统测量出的点位进行公共点转换得出的差值,来估计工业摄影测量系统测量的点位精度,从而提供一种检测工业摄影测量系统精度的新方法。分别使用INCA3与Nikon D2H相机试验,发现INCA3相机的精度大约是Nikon D2H精度的2倍。     

A new method for computing the ellipsoidal correction for Stokes's formula

 This paper generalizes the Stokes formula from the spherical boundary surface to the ellipsoidal boundary surface. The resulting solution (ellipsoidal geoidal height), consisting of two parts, i.e. the spherical geoidal height N ₀ evaluated from Stokes's formula and the ellipsoidal correction N ₁, makes the relative geoidal height error decrease from O(e ²) to O(e ⁴), which can be neglected for most practical purposes. The ellipsoidal correction N ₁ is expressed as a sum of an integral about the spherical geoidal height N ₀ and a simple analytical function of N ₀ and the first three geopotential coefficients. The kernel function in the integral has the same degree of singularity at the origin as the original Stokes function. A brief comparison among this and other solutions shows that this solution is more effective than the solutions of Molodensky et al. and Moritz and, when the evaluation of the ellipsoidal correction N ₁ is done in an area where the spherical geoidal height N ₀ has already been evaluated, it is also more effective than the solution of Martinec and Grafarend. Received: 27 January 1999 / Accepted: 4 October 1999     

基于改进的Ly算子的快速星图质心确定方法

Ly算子是摄影测量中应用较多的一种点特征提取算子,它的解算速度快、抗噪能力强,但精度较低;而质心法是星图质心确定中比较具有代表性的方法,但它对噪声敏感,星图较大时,效率不高.根据Ly算子特点,本文在对Ly算子改进的基础上,提出了基于改进的Ly算子的快速星图质心确定方法,实验结果表明,该方法在信噪比较低、星图较大的情况下,较传统质心法解算速度更快、定位精度更高、抗噪能力更强;较带阈值的质心法,解算精度相当,但解算速度更快.     

5G基站的改进加权质心室内定位算法

针对现有基站室内定位算法参与定位基站选择及权重设置不合理导致定位精度低的问题,提出了5G环境下基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)进行加权质心室内定位算法.该算法通过RSSI测距得到5个已知基站到待定位点的距离,以已知基站位置为圆心作圆,针对相交所得的五边形区域,取任意3个顶点组成三角形,并根据不同的基站类型以及与待定位点的距离,设定合适权重计算三角形质心坐标,利用所得的10个三角形质心坐标做最大似然估计(MLE)得到最终定位点.仿真结果表明:在基站稀疏和密集两种环境下,本算法较经典质心算法和加权质心算法,室内定位精度明显提高.     

一种新的摄影测量误差分析方法

针对摄影测量误差分析中存在的问题,提出了一种新的误差分析方法,把计算机仿真技术用于摄影测 量误差分析中,对框幅式影像建立了误差仿真分析系统,并对卫星影像和航空影像进行了误差影响分析,得到了 许多有价值的结论。     

一种等高线自动绘制中断层处理的新方法

提出了一种断层处理新方法--分块法与断层恢复法合成算法,这种方法兼有分块法与断层恢复法的优点,又克服了其不足,较好地解决了含逆断层时煤层底板等高线自动绘制及任意边界的构网问题,使绘出的等值线图误差较小,更加符合实际.     

A new evil waveforms evaluating method for new BDS navigation signals

With the advent of new global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and new signals, GNSS users will rely more on them to obtain higher-accuracy positioning. Evil waveform monitoring and assessment are of great importance for GNSS to achieve its positioning, velocity, and timing service with high accuracy. However, the advent of new navigation signals introduces the necessity to extend the traditional analyzing techniques already accepted for binary phase-shift keying modulation to new techniques. First, the well-known second-order step thread model adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization is introduced. Then the extended new general thread models are developed for the new binary offset carrier modulated signals. However, no research has been done on navigation signal waveform symmetry yet. Simulation results showed that, waveform asymmetry may also cause tracking errors, range biases, and position errors in GNSS receivers. It is thus imperative that the asymmetry be quantified to enable the design of appropriate error budgets and mitigation strategies for various application fields. A novel evil waveform analysis method, called waveform rising and falling edge symmetry (WRaFES) method, is proposed. Based on this WRaFES method, the correlation metrics are provided to detect asymmetric correlation peaks distorted by received signal asymmetry. Then the statistical properties of the proposed methods are analyzed, and a proper deformation detection threshold is calculated. Finally, both simulation results and experimentally measured results of Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) M1-S B1Cd signal are given, which show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed thread models.     

多维直线概括模型的总体最小二乘估计

针对总体最小二乘估计准则在直线拟合应用中存在的问题,该文在分析当前多种直线拟合模型及相应总体最小二乘估计方法的基础上,提出了附约束的N维直线概括模型及其总体最小二乘分步解法。首先利用间接平差方法通过迭代计算求出总体残差,然后通过条件平差分配残差到各观测量。仿真计算结果验证了该模型及方法的正确性和有效性。     

A new method for indentifying the model error of adjustment system

Some theory problems affecting parameter estimation are discussed in this paper. Influence and transformation between errors of stochastic and functional models is pointed out as well. For choosing the best adjustment model, a formula, which is different from the literatures existing methods, for estimating and identifying the model error, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed formula, an effective approach of selecting the best model of adjustment system is given.     

A new method for indentifying the model error of adjustment system

Some theory problems affecting parameter estimation are discussed in this paper. Influence and transformation between errors of stochastic and functional models is pointed out as well. For choosing the best adjustment model, a formula, which is different from the literatures existing methods, for estimating and identifying the model error, is proposed. On the basis of the proposed formula, an effective approach of selecting the best model of adjustment system is given. Project supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University (No. 905276031-04-10).     

A new method for three-carrier GNSS ambiguity resolution

A new method for resolving the carrier-phase integer ambiguity in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is presented: the MOdified Cholesky factorization for Ambiguity (MOCA) resolution. The characteristics and features of this method are described and results obtained using a software simulator and an emulator are presented to validate its efficiency. The results are then compared to those obtained using another existing method and good performance of the MOCA method in new GNSS systems is shown. Furthermore, the proposed method yields accurate results even when short time spans are used or when there are poor estimations of measurement error, making it immune to non-ideal conditions and ultimately a practical solution for real applications.     

一种新的SAR图像相干斑抑制算法

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像会受到相干斑噪声的污染,对SAR图像的后续处理产生了很大影响.提出一种基于快速离散曲波变换(FDCT)抑制合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声的方法.先通过FDCT把SAR图像变换到曲波域中,得到曲波系数,再应用自适应阈值算法估计不同尺度、不同方位曲波系数的阈值,分别对曲波系数进行硬阈值和软阈值化处理,最后通过FDCT反变换恢复出图像.对单视SAR原始图像进行处理,并与小波去噪方法进行各种量化比较,结果表明,Curvelet滤波器要比Wavelet滤波器效果好,软阈值算法的效果比硬阈值算法好.基于FDCT的SAR图像相干斑去噪,不仅抑制相干斑能力比较强,而且在目标的边缘及纹理信息的保持上也有很大的优势.     

圆形建筑物倾斜观测的新方法

基于全站仪和光电测距仪,本文提出了圆形建筑物倾斜观测的新方法,并推导出了相应的计算公式。     

A new kernel method for hyperspectral image feature extraction

Abstract

Hyperspectral image provides abundant spectral information for remote discrimination of subtle differences in ground covers. However, the increasing spectral dimensions, as well as the information redundancy, make the analysis and interpretation of hyperspectral images a challenge. Feature extraction is a very important step for hyperspectral image processing. Feature extraction methods aim at reducing the dimension of data, while preserving as much information as possible. Particularly, nonlinear feature extraction methods (e.g. kernel minimum noise fraction (KMNF) transformation) have been reported to benefit many applications of hyperspectral remote sensing, due to their good preservation of high-order structures of the original data. However, conventional KMNF or its extensions have some limitations on noise fraction estimation during the feature extraction, and this leads to poor performances for post-applications. This paper proposes a novel nonlinear feature extraction method for hyperspectral images. Instead of estimating noise fraction by the nearest neighborhood information (within a sliding window), the proposed method explores the use of image segmentation. The approach benefits both noise fraction estimation and information preservation, and enables a significant improvement for classification. Experimental results on two real hyperspectral images demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Compared to conventional KMNF, the improvements of the method on two hyperspectral image classification are 8 and 11%. This nonlinear feature extraction method can be also applied to other disciplines where high-dimensional data analysis is required.     

九道岭煤矿贯通测量方案设计与新方法研究

设计了两套九道岭煤矿副井与西风井之间-700m水平大巷贯通测量方案,并从精度和工程预算等方面分析了其优缺点,选出最优方案。讨论了井下导线加测陀螺边的优点,提出测陀螺边的最佳位置为2i/（2m＋1）L （L为导线全长,适用等边直伸型导线）,最佳条数为1～2条。     

GPS 高程转换的总体最小二乘组合方法

在现有GPS高程转换的研究中,通常只采用单一的解算方法,然而,不同的计算方法由于适用的条件不同,在对同一组数据进行解算时,解算的精度也各有优劣。针对以上问题,文中提出GPS高程转换的总体最小二乘组合方法,对多种不同的高程转换方法进行组合,运用总体最小二乘法计算不同方法的权值,结合实际工程数据,验证该方法的可行性。计算结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地提高高程转换精度。