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1.
大别山混杂岩带中的石榴石 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用X粉晶、电子探针和仪器中子活化等手段,对大别山混杂岩带中榴辉岩及伴生石榴石橄榄岩中的18个石榴石作了研究。研究表明,石榴石的成份为连续过渡变化,其晶胞参数与Ca~(2+)有正相关关系,其镁铝榴石端员组分为17~63%,与全岩的Mg/比值呈线性正相关关系。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式为重稀土富集型,正铕异常。稀土元素的总量较低,为9~29ppm。推测:榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩为同一来源的基性岩浆分异后,在地慢与地壳之间(壳幔边界层)发生深成变质作用而形成。 相似文献
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西南印度洋中脊是典型的慢速扩张洋中脊之一。对采自西南印度洋中脊50°E附近的7件玄武岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩样品所作的分析表明,基性玄武岩类SiO2含量为43.72%~48.40%,TiO2含量较少,为1.14%~1.52%;MgO含量为5.96%~10.98%;TFe2O3含量为4.55%~5.2%;Mg#值为0.53~0.64,里特曼指数σ为2.34~20.10。微量元素Zr/Nb和Y/Nb比值为显示N-MORB的性质,但是其他微量元素的比值(Ba/Nb,Ba/Th,La/Nb,Nb/U,Nb/Pb)均不显示正常洋中脊玄武岩的特征,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示强烈富集K和Pb,亏损Nb,稀土元素显示较为平缓的分配模式。超基性蛇纹石化橄榄岩的主量元素特征为SiO2为38.91~45.49;TiO2含量为0.02~0.28;MgO含量很高,为36.87~40.61,TFe2O3含量为2.82~3.91,Mg#值为0.92~0.94。微量元素中Ni,Cr的含量很高,原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示橄榄岩强烈富集K和Pb,Ba,Th,La,Ce,Ti中等程度富集,而亏损Nb,Sr。稀土元素总量较低,标准化曲线显示轻稀土元素富集模式。结合地球化学特征及前人研究资料分析认为,西南印度洋中脊的基性岩和超基性岩属同源性质,其原始地幔物质可能为部分正常洋中脊亏损地幔混染了陆壳或远洋沉积物的结果。 相似文献
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华北东部青岛地区煌斑岩广泛发育,其岩石成因、构造环境等方面研究程度较低。本文通过研究其岩石学和地球化学特征,讨论岩浆的源区性质、形成的构造环境,进而推断研究区的地质演化过程。研究区内煌斑岩的SiO2含量(W(SiO2))为39.13%~51.26%,属于钾玄质碱性岩。样品的稀土元素整体表现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征,Ce和Eu异常(分别用δCe和δEu表示)不显著。样品微量元素总体表现出大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、Pb)和轻稀土元素富集(LREE),而高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)亏损的特征,具有典型的俯冲特征。源区为三叠纪时北向俯冲的扬子板块析出的熔体,交代上覆华北板块地幔橄榄岩而形成的地幔交代岩。白垩纪时,俯冲带岩石圈大范围坍塌,软流圈上涌形成伸展环境,地幔源区发生部分熔融,岩浆上升侵位形成煌斑岩。 相似文献
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青岛仰口榴辉岩及其围岩的岩石地球化学特征和成因机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
青岛仰口地区保存了完整的从变辉长岩到榴辉岩的超高压变质岩石组合。地球化学特征表明,榴辉岩、变辉长岩和片麻岩属钙碱性系列,超基性岩属拉斑系列;CIPW标准矿物计算显示榴辉岩和变辉长岩中长石以钠长石为主,超基性岩主要标准矿物为橄榄石、紫苏辉石和锥辉石,片麻岩中出现标准矿物刚玉;榴辉岩、变辉长岩和片麻岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,超基性岩的微量元素相对于N-MORB亏损;榴辉岩和变辉长岩轻稀土明显富集,配分型式与岛弧玄武岩相似,片麻岩具明显的Eu的负异常,配分型式与后造山A型花岗岩相似,超基性岩稀土总量较球粒陨石偏高,具强烈的Ce的负异常。微量元素比值及地球化学图解表明榴辉岩与变辉长岩的原岩为辉长岩,片麻岩的原岩为造山后A型花岗岩,原岩的岩浆源区位于下地壳,超基性岩的岩浆源区位于上地幔,原岩均形成于岛弧环境。 相似文献
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韩宗珠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(1)
用电子探针分析了山东荣成榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩中的石榴石和单斜辉石的化学组成。利用石榴石成分—成因判别图解并结合矿物地质温度计估算结果,判断荣成榴辉岩和石榴石橄榄岩为地幔来源,部分榴辉岩经历了后期壳内角闪岩相退变质作用。最后讨论了它们的成因意义和动力学演化。 相似文献
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山东荣成马草夼榴辉岩呈条带状或透镜状产出于大理岩中,对其进行了岩石学和地球化学研究。研究表明,其原岩可能为辉石质岩石,且经过了一定程度的分异作用,暗色矿物发生堆晶作用,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中,Th明显的亏损,U强烈富集,Ce也呈微弱程度亏损,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准配分模式图中,呈左倾分布模式。岩石的原岩构造环境分析表明其接近板内构造环境,其原岩可能为结晶分异之后矿物堆晶作用形成的辉石质岩石。 相似文献
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南极中山站和企鹅岛变质岩类造岩矿物的矿物化学及其变质作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文利用电子探针分析了南极中山站和企鹅岛变质岩类岩石中主要造岩矿物(石榴石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石)的化学组成,利用矿物地质温度计和各种成因判别图解,确定中山站变质岩类岩石的变质程度为高角闪岩相;企鹅岛变质岩类岩石的变质程度为低角闪岩相。 相似文献
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本文对长江与黄河口黏土粒级沉积物主微量元素的地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明:长江相对富集Al、K、Fe、Ti等常量元素以及Cr、V、Li、Zn、Ni和Rb等微量元素,黄河以高Ca、Sr和Ba为特征;长江沉积物中稀土元素含量高于黄河沉积物,长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物中稀土元素的分馏程度相同,均具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的右倾的球粒陨石标准化配分模式,上陆壳标准化配分模式为中稀土元素富集,黄河沉积物的Ce负异常和Eu正异常程度较长江沉积物偏弱。长江沉积物中元素含量变化较大,而黄河沉积物中元素含量较为稳定。黏土粒级沉积物的稀土元素更接近其物源区,<2μm的黏土粒级沉积物中的REE可以作为判识长江与黄河沉积物的地球化学指标。ΣREE、δCe可以作为长江、黄河入海沉积物的判别指标。长江与黄河黏土粒级沉积物的地球化学特征受源区岩石类型、化学风化、水动力分选等因素的控制。化学风化引起河流沉积物相对其源岩发生地球化学分异,水动力分选使矿物在不同粒级沉积物中富集,从而引起地球化学组成在不同粒级沉积物中的分异。 相似文献
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本文报道了南极乔治岛中国长城站玄武岩和欺骗岛粗安岩的岩石学和地球化学特征。利用中子活化分析测定了岩石中的稀土元素、微量元素和过渡族金属含量;利用电子探针、扫描电镜等手段观测了它们的造岩矿物特征和物质组成,最后推测南极乔治岛具有大陆地壳结构向大洋地壳结构过渡的特征。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
19.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
20.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献