源于中国东海的有毒裸甲藻Karlodinium micrum的显微观察和分子鉴定

首次报道了在中国东海海区两个不同水样中获得的有毒裸甲藻赤潮种Karlodinium micrum的显微观察和分子鉴定.两株K.micrum纯系种质是对两次东海海区不同来源的水样(2005年6月东海洞头海区以米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi Hansen)为优势的赤潮水和2006年4月东海渔山海水自然生态保护区的水样)进行选择演替和纯种分离发现的.报道了对两株藻进行光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察结果,以及基于ITS基因测序的分子鉴定结果.显微观察发现,K. micrum为小型单细胞裸甲藻,细胞长略大于宽,平均长宽分别为7.1 μm和5.7 μm,横沟深裂,顶沟明显、直裂.细胞具有一条纵鞭毛和一条横鞭毛,细胞游动迅速.ITS基因测序发现,源于东海的两株K. micrum与GenBank中Karlodinium micrum的相似度为98～99%.系统发生分析显示,该两株K. micrum与 GenBank中Karlodinium micrum归于一类,与其它裸甲藻距离较其与具甲板甲藻的距离近.     

微藻化感作用及化感物质在赤潮演替中的作用

近年来,随着海洋微藻群落生态和种群生态研究的深入,微藻群落组成的演替及种间关系愈来愈受到重视,成为现代海洋浮游植物生理生态学和化学生态学研究的热点[1-3].微藻群落演替是一个比较复杂的动态变化过程,涉及的驱动因素比较多,因素之间的关系比较复杂,而不同微藻种类对胁迫环境的适应能力又有差别,需要应用新的技术方法进行研究...     

双台子河口芦苇湿地盐分离子空间变化与植物群落退化演替关系

以双台子河口芦苇湿地为研究对象,对2009年10月野外调查所获取的土壤、植物样品进行室内分析,研究盐分离子和植被群落退化演替的关系。结果表明:根据芦苇生物量、覆盖度、株高3项生长指标变化,研究区芦苇群落退化演替的顺序为芦苇—芦苇/补血草—芦苇/碱蒿—芦苇/碱蓬—獐茅/翅碱蓬—翅碱蓬。随着退化演替的进行,翅碱蓬群落的各盐分离子含量显著高于其他五种植物群落的含量。电导率与芦苇生物量、株高呈显著负相关,与土壤易溶盐离子(除CO2-3)呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。说明各盐分离子通过影响电导率而间接抑制植物生长,电导率与pH呈极显著正相关(P0.01),说明试验区土壤盐化的同时伴随着碱化。     

脂类分析在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展

总结了目前脂类研究在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展。所有的海洋微藻脂类都含一定的脂肪酸和甾醇,而不同种类的海洋微藻都有其特殊的脂肪酸和甾醇组成特征,我们可以运用这些特性来判别微藻可能所处的化学分类学地位：如果运用从某些藻类中发现的部分罕见脂类成分,还有可能对微藻的个别种类进行确定。随着对微藻中脂类物质分离,提取、纯化技术研究的不断深入,加上质谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段和脂类衍生化技术的日益完善,可以构建海洋微藻脂类物质组成结构快速查询信息库,并使其成为微藻化学分类的一个重要辅助手段。     

悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模式研究

利用野外采集的悬沙样品配置不同粒径和浓度等级的悬沙水样,进行实验室光谱测量,分析悬沙水样的光谱特征及其反射率与粒径之间的关系。根据实验结果选取泥沙浓度和粒径的敏感波段,建立了敏感波段模型和主成分模型。结果表明,主成分分析法能大量获取多通道悬沙水体光谱反射率信息,模型的反演能力优于敏感波段模型。     

微藻异养化培养的研究进展

微藻因其富含脂类、蛋白质和多糖,且具有光合作用效率高、生长周期短、可再生等突出特点,在食品、医药、保健品及生物能源领域得到了广泛应用[1-2]。但是,如何通过人工大规模培养技术高效率地获得微藻生物量是微藻资源开发利用的关键。现在的微藻培养技术多集中于光自养体系,包括户外开放式养殖和各种光生物反应器。然而,户外的开放式养殖生产效率低、占地面积大且易染菌;     

福建省东山岛海域浮游动物的分布

根据１９９０年春季至１９９１年冬季采自福建省东山岛海域的浮游动物样品,鉴定出１６７种终生营浮动物和１３类阶段性浮游幼体。浮游动物总生物量及其平面分布趋势都有较明显的季节变化,这和优势种的季节演替有关。中还对浮游动物总的个体密度和主要种类的分和了描述,同时对该水域浮游动物的分布与水温及闽南－台湾浅滩夏季近岸上升流的关系进行了讨论。     

微藻基因工程及微藻产品高值化

微藻是一群微型生物的总称 ,包括众多真核和原核种类。微藻可以直接利用太阳能生产高质量的蛋白质和其他营养物质以及特殊生物活性物质 ,便于进行大规模培养。实际上微藻养殖和产品开发已经成为新兴生物技术产业。藻粉、长链不饱和脂肪酸、色素蛋白以及藻多糖等在食品、饲料、医药等领域已经得到了广泛应用。但是 ,能规模养殖的微藻种类少 ,高价值成分含量低 ,提纯困难。我国现阶段商业化的微藻产品主要是藻粉等粗制品 ,进一步开发微藻资源 ,提高微藻产品价值是当前亟待解决的问题。藻种的选育、养殖方式的选择、培养条件的优化、产品的深加…     

秦皇岛市潮间带大型海藻的种类分析和季节演替

2017年2-11月,对河北省秦皇岛市山海关、海港和北戴河潮间带大型海藻的组成、分布和季节演替情况展开了调查研究工作。调查结果显示:此次共采集到隶属3门23属的41种大型海藻,其中红藻门13属20种,褐藻门7属9种,绿藻门3属12种,分别占总采集种数的48.78%,21.95%和29.27%;海港大型海藻种类最多为35种,其次是北戴河20种,山海关最少为19种,分别占总采集种数的85.37%,48.78%和46.34%;春季优势种类为长石莼(Ulva linza)、多管藻(Polysiphonia senticulosa)、裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)、绳藻(Chorda filum)、酸藻(Desmarestia viridis)和海黍子(Sargassum muticum),夏季优势种类为长石莼、孔石莼(U.Pertusa)、刺松藻(Codium fragile)、海黍子、小石花菜(Gelidium divaricatum)、亚栉状蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia subpectinata)和假根羽藻(Bryopsis corticulans),秋季优势种类为长石莼和裂片石莼(U. fasciata),冬季优势种类为长石莼。优势种类生物量测定结果表明,优势种类生物量在不同采样点、不同季节表现出明显差异,如海港春季的裙带菜生物量最大(4 110.8 g·m-2),绳藻的生物量最小(92.32 g·m-2)。     

福建省东山岛海域浮游动物的分布

根据 1 990年春季至 1 991年冬季采自福建省东山岛海域的浮游动物样品 ,鉴定出 1 67种终生营浮游动物和 1 3类阶段性浮游幼体。浮游动物总生物量及其平面分布趋势都有较明显的季节变化 ,这和优势种的季节演替有关。文中还对浮游动物总的个体密度和主要种类的分布作了描述 ,同时对该水域浮游动物的分布与水温及闽南 -台湾浅滩夏季近岸上升流的关系进行了讨论。     

Novel technology in pollutant removal at source and bioremediation

Sewage disposal is a major environmental issue in both developed and developing countries and removal of pollutants such as organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals and persistent organic compounds is required to protect the environment. Novel biological systems using constructed mangrove wetland and immobilized microalgal beads have been developed as alternative systems for treating different types of sewage and pollution at source. The feasibility and efficiency of constructed mangrove wetland to remove organic matter and nutrients from primary settled municipal sewage were demonstrated through a series of greenhouse experiments and a pilot-scale field trial. The treatment efficiency of constructed mangrove wetland was comparable to, or higher than, the conventional constructed wetland. An immobilized microalgal system was developed to remove toxic persistent pollutants from industrial wastewater. Pollutant-resistant microalgal species were selected for culture in domestic wastewater. The harvested biomass was immobilized in alginate beads. Bench-scale experiments showed the algal beads were effective in removing industrial pollutants such as heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, etc.), organometallic compounds (e.g. tributyltin, TBT), and persistent organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) through biosorption and biodegradation. The adsorbed metals could be recovered by desorption process, and the beads could be used repeatedly for many adsorption–desorption cycles.     

浮式塑料薄膜袋培养海洋微藻的研究

将塑料薄膜袋悬浮于水泥池中进行海洋微藻的三级培养。结果表明,此方法既保证了藻种培养过程中的良好条件,又能够有效地避免薄膜袋的破损漏水,操作简单,运用灵活,生产效率大大提高。     

球等鞭金藻细胞生长抑制因子的初步研究

以球等鞭金藻老化培养液的乙酸乙酯粗提物处理微藻细胞,通过对细胞密度、叶绿素a含量、胞内多糖含量及蛋白质含量等生理指标的测定,证实了乙酸乙酯粗提物对球等鞭金藻细胞生长有明显的抑制作用。进一步比较乙酸乙酯粗提物对球等鞭金藻细胞密度、叶绿素a含量及胞内多糖含量96h的半抑制剂量,得出细胞密度、胞内多糖及叶绿素a可以作为反映乙酸乙酯粗提物对球等鞭金藻抑制作用的生物学指标。     

几种菱形藻及其近缘种分类界定的比较研究

菱形藻是较常见的羽纹硅藻类,其中一些种类的外部形态十分相似,差异细微,很难从经典形态分类的角度准确区分,造成此类微藻在分类地位上的混乱。作者综合利用经典形态分类方法、ITS（Internal transcribed spacer sequences）序列分析方法以及基于脂肪酸甾醇的化学分类多种方法,对4株从形态观察初步...     

环境因子对微藻脂类的影响

环境因子在决定微藻脂类的种类和数量方面起着重要作用。本文综述了有关环境因子对微藻脂类组成影响的研究进展,表明环境因子的变化往往引起脂类组成的变化,这些变化既表现在细胞膜膜脂性质的变化,又体现在贮存脂类合成和利用速率的相对变化。     

An optimized method for automated analysis of algal pigments by HPLC

A recent development in algal pigment analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the application of automation. An optimization of a complete sampling and analysis protocol applied specifically in automation has not yet been performed. In this paper we show that automation can only be successful if the various methodological aspects of the sampling and analysis protocol are considered in coherence. We introduce an optimized protocol that involves freeze-drying of the sample, subsequent extraction in 90% acetone and the application of water-packing during analysis. The method was evaluated on both natural plankton populations and a broad spectrum of microalgal cultures: Thalassiosira weisflogii (Bacillariophyceae), Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae), Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis antarctica (Prymnesiophyceae) and Pyramimonas sp. (Prasinophyceae). Whereas pigment extracts were unstable in methanol, with recorded chlorophyll a losses from 10% to 60% per day, pigment degradation rates in acetone were generally less than 1% over 18 h storage in the autosampler (4 °C). In addition, it was found that the extraction efficiency of acetone significantly increased upon freeze-drying prior to extraction. Increases as high as 50–60% were measured in P. antarctica. The application of water-packing of the sample during injection resulted in improved peak shape and peak separation, without diluting the pigment concentrations. Automation is especially beneficial for application in the field, when mixed algal assemblages and low biomass put a high demand on the sensitivity as well as reproducibility of the method.     

红球藻虾青素资源开发历程与趋势展望

经30多年不懈努力与系统创新研发,我国已成功地实现红球藻虾青素资源的规模化生产,开发出新资源食品和功能性生物制品。期间,我们结合微藻产业现状与国情,围绕红球藻资源开发的产业化链条,针对上中下游重要环节的关键性瓶颈问题,开展了基础理论探索、新技术开发、产业化推广与新活性功效发掘等系列工作。借建所70周年所庆成果专刊出版之际,全面回顾总结我们在该藻种质资源、基于细胞周期调控的二步串联培养模式、关键参数优化与控制、光反应器培养设施创制、生物污染危害和防控原理与策略、活性物质开发与新功能挖掘、产业标准与体系建设等方面所取得的进展,同时展望发展趋势,以期促进红球藻以及整个微藻产业的健康可持续发展。     

Tidal transport and dispersal of marine toxic microalgae in a shallow, temperate coastal lagoon

A numerical model was used to predict toxic microalgal transport and dispersion in Ria de Aveiro in Portugal. A previously developed Lagrangean particle tracking model coupled to a calibrated two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Ria de Aveiro was used. Microalgae were regarded as passive particles and the methodology used allowed the determination of their trajectories, as induced by the tidal currents predicted by the hydrodynamic model. The model assumes Ria de Aveiro as vertically homogeneous and does not take into account the vertical distribution patterns of microalgae. Simulations were carried out during extreme spring and neap tides, with microalgal released at the mouth of the lagoon at the local flood. The maximum and minimum areas affected during the occurrence of toxic microalgal blooms were estimated to evaluate the suitability of the distribution of the sampling stations included in the local monitoring program. It was found that the tidal currents greatly determine the microalgal horizontal distribution and dispersal in the lagoon. The results confirmed that the locations of water and bivalve shellfish sampling stations, postulated by INIAP/IPIMAR, in the context of the local harmful algal bloom (HAB) program, were appropriate, although some possible refinements were identified.     

The recovery of microalgal production and biomass in a South African temporarily open/closed estuary, following mouth breaching

Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Such disturbances result in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the microalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negative repercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) to monitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breaching event; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production during the open and recovery phases. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production was measured (¹⁴C-uptake method) successively during the closed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Upon breaching, 94–99% of microalgal biomass was washed out to sea through flushing and sediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgal biomass was observed during the open phase, but this was not sustained because of continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recovery phase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35–40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, autochthonous pelagic primary production reached a maximum level (341 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹) during the open phase. Pelagic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) significantly increased during the open phase. This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, high influx of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a⁻¹ h⁻¹). Multivariate analysis showed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled by temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios (water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (K_d), all of which were regulated by the state of the mouth.