宁波机场附近一次孤立强雷暴大风事件分析

利用区域自动气象站资料、天气雷达资料、宁波机场AWOS(automated weather observation system)资料和NCEP再分析资料等对2017年7月22日发生在宁波机场附近的一次孤立强雷暴大风环境条件和雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：1)雷暴大风发生在较强的对流有效位能、弱的垂直风切变和上层干燥近地面暖湿的大气层结配置下,海风锋是主要触发系统。2)雷暴大风发生时,地面出现明显冷池和中尺度雷暴高压。3)强反射率因子顶部高度快速下降,中层径向辐合达到18 m·s-1,低层速度辐散超过25 m·s-1等指标,对雷暴大风预警具有较好的指示意义。     

铜仁市一次雷暴大风过程分析

利用常规站资料、ERA5资料（0.25°×0.25°）以及务川雷达和铜仁新一代多普勒天气雷达资料对2022年4月24日发生在贵州铜仁市多个区（县）的一次雷暴大风过程进行分析,结果表明：（1）此次天气过程是发生上干下湿的不稳定环境中,高空槽、南支槽、低涡、切变线和地面辐合线都为此次强对流天气过程提供了触发条件。（2）大的DCAPE值、中层中等强度的垂直风切变和低层较强的垂直风切变以及较大的850hPa与500hPa的温差都是利于大风产生的条件。（3）大风常常出现在弓形回波前部突出处,高悬的强回波、弱回波区、高的回波顶高以及径向速度中出现逆风区和强并且深厚的中层径向辐合等都是出现大风天气的雷达产品特征。     

成都一次雷暴大风的中尺度特征分析

利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。     

甘兰高原\

利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明：本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。

     

四川盆地雷暴大风雷达回波特征统计分析

采用2009—2018年地面、高空、闪电定位、多普勒雷达资料统计出四川盆地的34次雷暴大风过程,并根据冷空气参与情况及500 hPa影响系统将其分为五种类型:混合性大风类(Ⅰ类)、深厚低槽(低涡)后部类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-1)、低槽(切变)东移类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-2)、副热带高压西侧切变类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-3)和东风扰动类雷暴大风(Ⅱ-4)。统计分析了五类过程中发生雷暴大风站点对应的雷达回波特征,包括:对流组织类型、雷达回波强度、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量、中层径向辐合、风暴移动速度、回波质心下降、低仰角风速大值区和辐散。结果表明,82%的雷暴大风站点具有风速大值区,不同类型的雷暴大风过程还有其他不同的雷达回波特征,这些特征大多可提前10 min以上。另外,当站点出现中层径向辐合、辐散、回波强度大且伴有强梯度或回波类型为飑线时,也要考虑大风是否出现。     

柳州盛夏一次下击暴流特征分析

2021年8月3日柳州市出现一次伴有短时强降水和下击暴流的强雷暴大风天气过程。利用观测资料以及柳州自动站分钟级数据、雷达、风廓线等资料,对此次过程中下击暴流的成因进行分析。结果表明：①此次过程是在大陆高压与热带辐合带间中低层为一致东北气流的背景下,弱垂直风切变与强不稳定能量、深厚干空气源、近地面的干绝热递减等有利环境条件下,由地面中尺度辐合线抬升触发的。②下击暴流初始回波具有脉冲风暴特征,之后发展成多单体风暴;下击暴流发生前有反射率核心下降,低层入流及中层径向辐合增强等特征,其垂直结构表现为低层辐散、中层辐合、中高层辐合旋转。③地面大风出现前风廓线雷达风场有明显高空动量下传和低层风速减小,大风出现在低层风速开始增强时刻,早于低层风速最强时。④下击暴流的产生与降水粒子的拖曳作用和负浮力有关;地形作用使得强对流回波沿地形运动,且下坡地形与峡谷效应对极端大风的形成有叠加作用。     

河南\

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面风场资料和多普勒雷达资料等,对2016年4月19日出现在云南省的一次飑线大风天气过程进行分析,着重分析该过程形成时的中尺度特征,结果表明：本次过程产生于弱南支波动和切变线影响下,通过高低空急流耦合及高空动量下传造成雷暴大风天气;层结不稳定、地面辐合线等为强对流天气的产生提供了良好的环境条件。从雷达回波中尺度分析发现,本次过程为飑线影响,持续时间长,存在后侧弱回波区;速度图上存在明显的速度模糊,低层速度大值区,高层辐散、低层辐合、中层径向辐合等特征,均对提前预报预警地面大风有很好的指示性。地面大风与飑线、地面中尺度辐合线和辐散区密切相关,根据地面辐合线可提前1 h左右预警飑线,上述特征信息对地面大风短临预报预警具有较好的指示意义。

     

基于VDRAS资料探究河北中南部一次弓状强飑线的演变和机理

利用常规气象资料、ERA5再分析资料、北京VDRAS资料以及雷达资料,对2021年7月31日发生在河北中南部的一次弓状强飑线过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次飑线过程发生在冷涡的背景下,500 hPa涡后的冷空气与850 hPa的暖脊叠加,建立了不稳定层结,在地面辐合线附近触发。（2）雷达回波由分散的对流单体合并加强,强弓形出现时,最大强度值超过55 dBZ,存在径向速度大值区和中层径向辐合等特征,这些都预示地面大风的出现,而回波悬垂预示冰雹出现。（3）雷达反演的风场可以显示飑线的水平和垂直结构,能清楚地指示飑线的出流、入流以及辐合区,对指示飑线不同部位的发展趋势有重要指示意义。（4）地面风场辐合导致雷暴单体触发,雷暴单体在不稳定的大气层结中获得快速发展,发展过程中0～3 km的垂直风切变逐渐增强,低层形成冷池,热力不均匀区域扩大,沿着扰动温度梯度大值区与风场辐合区,新生对流向东向南传播,分散对流单体合并演变为飑线。（5）从飑线发展阶段的热动力结构分析中发现,由倾斜上升气流与下沉气流形成垂直环流,下沉气流增强时,冷池效应增强,低层环境垂直风切变也增强,环境条件的改变是飑线发展的结果,同...     

2017年8月萍乡地区连续性雷暴大风过程分析

利用常规观测资料、探空资料、多普勒天气雷达基本产品及导出产品,分析了2017年8月中旬萍乡地区雷暴大风天气过程,并选取了其中最强的一次过程进行了细致的分析。结果表明,“北低槽、南副高”的环流形势是此次长时间雷暴大风的环流背景,萍乡受“上下一致”的西南急流控制,中低层切变线、西南急流导致了强对流不稳定;低层逆温、“上干冷、下暖湿”以及风垂直切变的垂直结构,为雷暴大风的产生提供了层结条件和能量条件;地面热低压和地面辐合线、干线等是此次雷暴大风的触发机制。飑线过境,气象要素变化剧烈,在“人”字形回波附近,回波断裂处等区域容易产生强雷暴大风天气。强回波高度迅速下降、拖曳作用、动量下传、中层干暖空气的夹卷及蒸发作用、一定强度的中层径向辐合等多种因素导致了此次地面大风。垂直累积液态含水量、最大反射率因子、风暴顶高的持续下降,对地面大风天气的预报具有一定的指示意义。     

秦巴山区一次罕见雷暴大风天气成因分析

利用MICAPS资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6 h再分析数据以及FY-2G卫星、安康雷达探测等资料,对2019年6月2日发生在秦巴山区的一次罕见雷暴大风天气进行成因综合分析。结果表明:2日陕南中东部地区存在有利于强对流风暴发生和发展的热力不稳定条件;地面图上,傍晚前后从关中向陕南发展移动的冷池触发了本次雷暴大风天气;过程发生时,云图上中尺度对流系统云系逐渐东移南压,云顶亮温梯度最大区域和地面冷池前方辐合线位置基本一致;雷暴大风发生时低层雷达速度图上有显著的大风速核、明显的中层径向辐合和低层辐散及其雷达强回波质心的下降,这些都为雷暴大风天气的预报预警提供了一定的指示。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.