泉州湾海岸线变迁遥感监测研究

基于Landsat MSS/TM、SPOT5、World View-1卫星数据,运用计算机技术对卫星遥感数据进行分析处理,经几何纠正、配准、彩色合成、融合图像处理等方法,分析研究泉州湾海岸岸相特征,通过提取相应时期海岸线,研究泉州湾海岸23年(1988~2011年)的变化特征。研究表明,泉州湾海岸线变迁主要受人为活动影响,海岸线变迁最大的是泥质海岸带,砂质和基岩等海岸带的变化较小,集中于湾内西北岸,南北两岸则相对稳定。     

Applications of Remote Sensing Techniques in Coal Geology

Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi-level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote-sensing and multi-directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.     

基于遥感图像的海岸线提取方法研究

海岸线是划分海洋与陆地管理区域的基准线,不同地貌的海岸线划分依据不尽相同,在卫星图像上的解译标志与提取方法也存在差异。根据我国东南沿海海岸地貌特征,研究其海岸线在ETM+、ALOS及SAR卫星图像中的解译特征标志,借助数字卫星图像处理技术,对试验区范围内不同类型海岸线图像进行提取。     

应用OB-HMAD算法与光谱特性的遥感图像动态变化检测

在对图像动态变化情况进行检测的过程中,对原始图像的分割精度较低,导致检测结果存在较大误差。为此,应用OB-HMAD算法与光谱特性,进行自然资源遥感图像动态变化检测。在计算了影像各波段的光谱异质性和形状异质性特征值参量后,结合各波段对应的权重系数,考虑自然资源遥感图像的光谱异质性和形状紧凑度、形状平滑度,利用OB-HMAD算法对自然资源遥感图像进行多尺度分割处理。在图像动态变化检测阶段,根据自然资源遥感图像变化与光谱特征参数之间的关系,计算了各分割图像的曲率参数,通过计算曲率参数之差完成对目标图像参数动态变化的计算。实验结果表明,该方法应用下,图像NDVI、RVI和SAVI变化量的检测结果与实际值的误差分别仅为0.000 9,0.005 7和0.004 8。以上数据证明该方法完成了遥感图像动态变化检测,且检测效果较佳。     

Using Multitemporal Remote Sensing Imagery and Inundation Measures to Improve Land Change Estimates in Coastal Wetlands

Remote sensing imagery can be an invaluable resource to quantify land change in coastal wetlands. Obtaining an accurate measure of land change can, however, be complicated by differences in fluvial and tidal inundation experienced when the imagery is captured. This study classified Landsat imagery from two wetland areas in coastal Louisiana from 1983 to 2010 into categories of land and water. Tide height, river level, and date were used as independent variables in a multiple regression model to predict land area in the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) and compare those estimates with an adjacent marsh area lacking direct fluvial inputs. Coefficients of determination from regressions using both measures of water level along with date as predictor variables of land extent in the WLD, were higher than those obtained using the current methodology which only uses date to predict land change. Land change trend estimates were also improved when the data were divided by time period. Water level corrected land gain in the WLD from 1983 to 2010 was 1 km² year⁻¹, while rates in the adjacent marsh remained roughly constant. This approach of isolating environmental variability due to changing water levels improves estimates of actual land change in a dynamic system, so that other processes that may control delta development such as hurricanes, floods, and sediment delivery, may be further investigated.     

Assessment of Land-use and Land-cover Change and its Impact on Groundwater Quality Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Raipur City,Chhattisgarh, India

Monitoring of land use and land cover change (LULC) is essential for water conservation and management. In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the impact of LULC change on groundwater quality. In the present study LULC map of the study area prepared using satellite image of year 1999 and 2016 which are visually interpreted with help of ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS software. In this study different image interpretation elements like tone, texture, size, pattern and association were used and verified with field check and total eight LULC classes were recognized such as settlement, road, cultivation, industry, drainage, lake, open land and vegetation. Comparison of LULC of year 1999 and year 2016 indicates that the settlement (net increases 16.2%), road (net increases 0.8%), open land (net increases 14.8%) and industry (net increases 3.1%) area has expanded. In the study area groundwater pollution is mainly associated with LULC change and as well as poor waste management practices. Obtained result has been validated with nitrate concentration and found 73.33% accuracy reflecting that, applied techniques has produced significantly reliable results.     

Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques to Study Soil Degradation Processes in North Shaanxi Province, China

Satellite image data and thematic map data were used to provide comprehensive views of surface-bound conditions such as soil and vegetation degradation. The current work applies a computerized parametric methodology, developed by FAO, UNEP and UNESCO to assess and evaluate soil degradation at 1 : 250 000 mapping scale. The study area is located in the arid and semi-arid zone of the northern part of Shaanxi Province in China, a region with considerable agricultural potential; Landsat TM images were utilized to provide recent data on land cover and use of the area. ARC/INFO and Arc-View softwares were used to manage and manipulate thematic data, to process satellite images, and tabular data source. ER mapper software is utilized to derive the normalized difference vegetation index (ND VI) values while field data to estimate soil erodibility (SE) factor. A system is established for rating soil parameters, slope, climate factor and human factor activity. The rating values serve as inputs into a modified universal soil loss equation (USLE) to calculate the present state and risk for soil degradation processes, namely soil wind erosion. The produced maps and tabular data show the risk and the present status of different soil degradation processes. The study area, in general, is exposed to high risk of wind erosion and high hazards of water erosion. Several desertification maps were produced, which reflect the desertification types persisting in the study area. Wind erosion, water erosion, vegetation degradation,physical degradation and salinization are the basic desertification maps, and others are combinations of these basic maps. In terms of statistic analysis, 33.75 % of the total land area (120. 330 0 ha) is considered as sand or sand dune, and not included in our analysis of desertification. About 29. 41% of the total land area has slight or moderate desertification and 37. 465 % is facing severe desertification.     

祁连山疏勒南山地区冰川变化的遥感研究

利用1970年左右地形图和1995、1999、2002年及2006年的Landsat-TM/ETM+遥感影像,在地理信息系统技术支持下,提取冰川边界,对祁连山疏勒南山地区的冰川变化进行研究.结果表明:研究区内的冰川在1990年代变化显著,1995年冰川面积比1970年的减少了5.8%,1999年冰川面积比1995年代的...     

Modelling of Soil Degradation in Semi-arid Area Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques,Southern Jordan As Case Study

Doklady Earth Sciences - This research dealt with the topic of modeling the soil lost in a semi-arid desert area in the Ma’an watershed and its surroundings in Ma’an Governorate using...     

基于冰芯记录与遥感数据的近期青藏高原粉尘变化研究

冰芯中的微粒记录是恢复过去大气粉尘变化的独特信息,选取青藏高原的西部(慕士塔格)、中部(唐古拉)、南部(珠穆朗玛峰、达索普和宁金岗桑)为研究地点,结合遥感数据(气溶胶指数)和冰芯记录(粉尘质量浓度与沉积通量)探讨过去几十年来青藏高原大气粉尘在时间上和空间上的变化.结果表明:青藏高原上气溶胶指数从北向南、从西向东减少,靠近塔克拉玛干沙漠的地区气溶胶指数数值最大,藏南地区最低,与西风环流在高原的传输路径和源区的地理分布一致.冰芯中粉尘质量浓度表现为:高原中部>高原西部>高原南部,而沉积通量表现为高原西部>高原中部>高原南部,与气溶胶指数相一致.通过冰芯中的粉尘沉积通量记录与气溶胶指数的相关分析,发现在年尺度上仅有唐古拉地区表现出较好的相关性,而在其他地区无明显相关关系.经过3点滑动平均后,高原各地的这种相关性均有所提高:慕士塔格地区相关系数为0.49(P=0.13);唐古拉地区的相关系数为0.87(P<0.001);宁金岗桑地区的相关系数为0.68(P=0.03).这种相关性为通过冰芯记录来反演更长时间尺度的青藏高原上气溶胶指数提供了基础.     

天津北部山区遥感找矿信息提取及找矿远景分析

利用遥感技术提取了工作区的线形构造、环形构造和矿化蚀变等找矿信息,基于概率论和数理统计方法对线形构造等密度、中心对称度、优益度以及羟基异常和铁染异常等信息进行了半定量分析与研究,圈定了7个找矿远景预测区,对本区今后的找矿工作具有一定指导意义.     

Retrieving of Land Surface Temperature Using Thermal Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Kandaihimmat Watershed,Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh

Remotely sensed thermal infrared (TIR) data have been widely used to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). LST is an important parameter in the studies of urban thermal environment and dynamics. In the study, an attempt has been made using LANDSAT 8 thermal imagery to compute LST and the associated land cover parameters viz; land surface emissivity (LSE), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). Landsat 8 TIRS band 10 & 11 (thermal bands) during 21 Oct. 2016, 22 Nov.2016, 24 Dec. 2016 and 09 Jan. 2017 were processed for LST analysis. However, band 5 & band 4 of the imagery was processed for NDVI, band 6 & band 5 for NDBI and band 2 & band 5 for NDWI analysis. LST has been derived from both the bands 10 &11 and validated by in-situ observations on the date and time of satellite overpass from the study area. Band 10 derived LST have shown much temperature difference while comparing with the in-situ observations. However, LST derived from band 11 found similar & close to the in-situ measurements. Relationship between band 11 results and in-situ observed measurements were developed, which has showing a strong correlation with (r² = 0.991). Land surface emissivity were also evaluated which shows variation in different land cover surfaces like vegetation, settlement, forest cover and water body. The study has proven that land surface temperature derived from satellite band 11 is the actual surface temperature of the study area.     

多源遥感数据支持下区域滑坡灾害风险评价

滑坡风险管理是防灾减灾的有效途径之一,而灾害风险评价是风险管理的基础和依据。以三峡库首区为研究区、多源遥感影像为主要数据源,利用立体像对技术及光谱分析等方法快速提取地形地貌、地表覆被、地质及水文条件等滑坡孕灾环境信息,应用随机森林模型分析区域滑坡危险性;采用面向对象方法建立典型承灾体识别规则,快速提取建筑物及交通道路等信息,综合分析滑坡危险性及承灾体信息,以实现区域滑坡灾害风险评价。结果显示:高风险区面积为41 km²,约占研究区面积的9%,主要集中于人口聚集的城镇和交通建设用地等经济价值大的地区。其评价结果与野外实地调查情况基本吻合。     

基于遥感技术的近40a来敦德冰川变化和气候变化的关系研究

从1970、1990、2000年和2010年4个时段的MSS、TM、ETM影像中提取了敦德冰川的边界,并结合距敦德冰川较近的托勒、大柴旦和德令哈3个气象站点的1957-2010年年降水量数据、年平均气温和夏季平均气温(6-8月)数据进行分析,对近40a来敦德冰川变化和气候变化的关系进行了研究.结果表明:近40a来的敦德冰川处在持续退缩状态;最近几十年敦德冰川退缩有相对加速之势;冰川在退缩过程中不断分解,部分分解后的小面积冰川融化消失.近半个世纪以来该区的气候增温趋势较明显,降水虽有少量增加,但是趋势却不明显.冰川变化与气候变化的关系表现为温度的升高是敦德冰川退缩的主要原因.     

Study of Sand Dunes and Their Effect on Desertification of Cultivated Lands in Shaanxi Province, China Using Remote Sensing Techniques

About half of the arid and semi-arid lands in the world are deserts that comprise various types of aeolian sand dunes deposits. In Shaanxi Province, aeolian sand dunes cover considerable areas of the Yulin desert and northern Jinbian. Sand dunes are moving in the main wind direction and converting some agricultural area to wasteland. Remote sensing of sand dunes helps in the understanding of aeolian process and desertification. Remote sensing data combined with field studies are valuable in studying sand dunes, regional aeolian depositional history. In particular, active and inactive sand dunes of the north Shaanxi Province were studied using remote sensing and geographic information system. In this study, we describe the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images, covering north Shaanxi Province, which were used to study the distribution, shape, size, trends, density and movement of sand dunes and their effect on desertification of cultivated lands. Estimation was made depending on soil erodibility factor (Ⅰ) and local climatic factor (C) during the period (June to September). The result indicates that soil erosion caused sand drift of 8.957 5, 7.03 ton for Yulin and Jinbian, respectively. The mean sand dunes movement rate were 4.37, 3.11 m, whereas, monthly sand dune advance rate were 1.092 5, 0.777 5 m, for the two locations, respectively. The study reveals that cultivated lands extended obliquely to the direction of sand dune movement are extremely affected, while other segments that extend parallel to the direction of the movement are not affected. Accordingly the north Shaanxi Province was divided into areas of different classes of potential risk. Moreover, blown sands and sand movement from neighboring highlands also affect the area of western desert.     

湖北省湖泊现状与变化遥感研究

湖北省是长江流域重要的湖泊分布区,由于河(江)湖关系自然演变和人类活动的双重影响,湖泊数量和湖泊面积变化都较大.本文利用时相为1975、2000、2007、2017年的卫星遥感影像作为基本信息源,借助GIS技术,调查研究了湖北省湖泊现状及变化情况.结果表明,2017年,湖北省域大、小天然湖泊共计808个(其中大于100 km2的湖泊有4个),湖泊总面积(平水位)2776.96 km2,湖泊面积总量大,数量多,但空间分布极度不匀;1975-2017年的40余年间,湖泊总面积共减少了129.88 km2,年平均减少量为3.09 km2;湖泊变化阶段性特征突出,前30余年湖泊面积消减,数量减少,后10年面积增加,数量增加,反映出近10年来湖泊湿地生态环境总体趋于良性演化.     

高分一号卫星在京津矿山遥感监测中的应用

高分一号卫星于2013年成功发射,可获取 2 m全色影像与8 m多光谱影像,在矿山遥感监测中有很大的应用空间。研究并总结了高分一号卫星在矿山遥感监测应用时的数据处理流程和方法,根据高分一号影像特征建立了矿山遥感解译标志并对部分图斑进行了野外验证,最后进行了京津矿山遥感调查与监测工作。通过应用研究得出结论,高分一号卫星拥有较高的分辨率和较好的数据质量,地物轮廓纹理清晰、数据处理方便、解译精度较高,运用高分一号卫星进行矿山遥感监测可以取得良好的效果,可以为国土资源部门制定矿产资源规划、整顿矿产资源开发秩序、治理矿山地质环境等提供技术支撑和决策依据。     

天津三河岛潮间带137Cs与210Pb的分布及现代沉积过程

位于永定新河、潮白新河与蓟运河汇流处的三河岛是天津市列入国家海岛名录的唯一岛屿,其独特的地理位置记录了现代海、陆交互作用的变化过程。取自该岛南、北两侧泥质潮间带的2组现代沉积物样柱,揭示137Cs和210Pbexc的最大检出深度分别达到90～123cm和140～210cm,属于渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带现代沉积最为活跃的“面向开放海湾亚带”。