高炉渣基矿物聚合材料的制备及其对铅离子的固定

以高炉渣和煅烧高岭土为粉体原料,KOH溶液为激活剂,采用振动成型方法,在20℃下养护24 h,制备矿物聚合材料。实验样品静置固化28 d,采用压力试验机可测得其抗压强度高达24~65 MPa。矿物聚合材料制品在1 d、3 d、7 d、28 d的X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等测试分析表明,高炉渣中的玻璃相在强碱的作用下发生溶解,之后形成Si、Al低聚体,最后形成各种晶体。采用矿物聚合材料可以有效地固定Pb2+。用含Pb2+的溶液配制矿物聚合材料,静置固化28 d,测其抗压强度以及Pb2+溶出率。实验结果表明,Pb2+的存在降低了矿物聚合材料的1 d的抗压强度,但对7 d及28 d抗压强度没有影响,聚合材料对Pb2+固定率达到99.9%。     

Chromium,molybdenum, vanadium,and fluoride sorption from steelwork slag eluates by different mineral additives

Today, the environmental behavior of steelwork slags is very important for their application. When slags are used as building materials, they can interact with water and soil, with the possibility of leaching of harmful components, e.g., metals such as vanadium or anions such as fluoride. The leachable concentrations of various environmentally relevant parameters have to be below defined limit values, which are given by environmental authorities. In this study, different mineral additives have been investigated for their suitability to reduce chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and fluoride concentrations in slag eluates, as a basis for planned investigations of the long-term leaching behavior of slag/additive mixtures. Seven mineral additives including iron oxide hydroxide, sludge from aluminum production, triple superphosphate, two water work sludges I and II, zeolite powder, and zeolite granules were tested for their efficiency to sorb trace elements and fluoride from four slag eluates comprising two basic oxygen furnace slags and two electric arc furnace slags. The limit values according to the German Alternative Construction Material Ordinance were used to verify which additives were able to minimize concentrations of trace elements and fluoride in slags eluates. Due to high eluate concentrations, the sludge from aluminum production and the triple superphosphate could be excluded from further investigations. The efficiency of the other additives follows the trend iron oxide hydroxide > water work sludges > zeolites. Particularly, the iron oxide hydroxide and the water work sludge I seem to be appropriate to enhance possible applications of slags with respect to the German regulation.     

Al_2O_3-SiC-C砖渣静态侵蚀后的显微结构分析

铁水预处理用鱼雷罐、铁水罐的炉衬多为Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖,随着铁水脱硫量的加大,耐火材料的侵蚀也较严重。而现在由于市场需要钢水中的磷含量要求较低,脱磷处理过程中由于国外多采用氧化铁系脱磷剂,氧化亚铁对石墨的氧化很大,对炉衬侵蚀也大,这就要求对Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖的性能进行改进以适宜工艺需要。国内对脱磷的研究较少,实际生产对铁水进行脱磷处理的厂家也很少。为探讨脱硫、磷剂对耐火材料的影响,本文对不同脱硫、磷剂侵蚀Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＣＣ砖后的残砖的显微结构进行了分析,探讨了铝碳化硅碳砖的侵蚀原…     

Influence of the slags treatment on the heavy metals binding

The removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) was studied on two types of slags (blast furnace and steelmaking slag) and their modifications prepared by leaching with demineralized water (with contact time 24 and 48 h) and 0.001 mol L^?1 HCl solution. The slags and their modifications were characterized by x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and the specific surface area was measured. Environmental scanning electron microscope was used to study the microscopic changes of the slags. The highest removal amounts of Cu(II) were found on the blast furnace slag leached for 48 h. This fact can be explained by the higher specific surface area of the leached blast furnace slag; the removal of Cu(II) is supposed to take place by co-precipitation of its hydroxides or hydroxo-complexes on the slag surface. On the contrary, the modified steelmaking slags exhibit no improvement of the removal properties. The used treatment of the slags decreased the sorption capacities for Pb(II). The original steelmaking slag showed to be the best adsorbent for both metal cations.     

Comparison of Cu,Zn and Fe bioleaching from Cu-metallurgical slags in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Metal leaching from metallurgical wastes (slags) by means of environmentally friendly approaches is promising for practical applications. The goal of this study was to compare the feasibility of metal bioleaching from Cu slags by means of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. Two size particles (<0.3 mm and 1–2 mm) of two types of Cu slags (massive crystalline slag and granulated amorphous slag) were used to study metal (Cu, Zn and Fe) bioleaching. The 40-days bioleaching experiments with P. fluorescens began at circumneutral pH (7.0), whereas the experiments with A. thiooxidans were started under acidic (pH 2.5) conditions. The results demonstrated that A. thiooxidans catalyzes metal leaching from both slag types investigated. After 21 days of incubation, optimal leaching was achieved and up to 79% Cu, 76% Zn and 45% Fe could be extracted from crystalline slag under conditions of 1 wt.% pulp density and particle size <0.3 mm. The optimal efficiency achieved with amorphous slag was 81% Cu, 79% Zn and 22% Fe when 1% pulp density and 1–2 mm particle size were used. The use of P. fluorescens resulted in poor leaching efficiencies as compared to the performance of A. thiooxidans, presumably due to the higher pH conditions maintained during the P. fluorescens incubations. The maximum metal leaching efficiencies with P. fluorescens were achieved at 1% pulp density and particle size <0.3 mm and did not exceed 10% Cu, 4% Zn, 0.3% Fe for crystalline slag and 4% Cu, 3% Zn, 0.7% Fe for amorphous slag. Both slags exhibited a good potential for bioleaching with A. thiooxidans, however; further optimization of the process parameters (e.g. pulp density, particle size and pH) is needed to improve the efficiency.     

市场经济体制执行地质勘探规范的有关问题讨论

市场经济体制下地质勘探工作的资金投入一般要由开采单位负担,而这部分资金属于前期投入,需要贷款来解决,现行的地质勘探规范已难适应地质工作的需要。在有一定工作基础的中小型矿山地质勘探工作中,对矿体的控制、水文地质、矿石可选性试验等工作程度,高级储量比例,勘查周期等方面,宜根据实际情况,合理的加以确定。     

Speciation of Cr and V within BOF steel slag reused in road constructions

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steel slag is a residue from the basic oxygen converter in steel-making operations, which is partially reused as an aggregate for road constructions. It is essentially composed of calcium, silicon and iron but also contains potential toxic elements present as traces, like chromium (Cr, 2600 mg kg^− 1) and vanadium (V, 690 mg kg^− 1), which can be released. The linked results of chemical analysis, XRD and SEM-EDX enabled to identify the main mineral phases composing BOF slag and EDX micro-analyses indicated that V and Cr were associated to dicalciumferrite. A 47-days static leaching test at a laboratory scale with a controlled pH of 5 (pH_stat leaching test) showed that Cr was little released, while V was significantly released. Finally, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of 3 BOF slag samples were recorded (“raw”, leached 47 days at pH 5 and aged 2 years in a lysimeter). XANES spectra showed that Cr is present at octahedral coordination in the trivalent form, the less mobile and less toxic one, and that its speciation does not evolve during natural ageing and leaching at pH 5. They also indicated that V is predominantly present in the + 4 oxidation state and seems to become oxidized to the pentavalent form (the most toxic form) during natural ageing.     

地热井固井材料导热性能影响因素

固井材料导热性能是影响地热井取热效果的因素之一。为提升地热井固井材料导热系数，采用正交试验，借助层次分析-指标重复性相关（AHP-CRITIC）混合加权法和极差分析，进行固井材料导热性能研究。结果表明:添加天然鳞片石墨、铁粉和石英砂均可提高固井材料导热系数，其中石墨对导热系数的提升作用最为显著，铁粉次之，石英砂最小；石墨掺量和水固比分别是影响固井材料综合性能的主次要因素；随着石墨掺量递增，其导热系数递增、48 h抗压强度和流动度均递减；得出高导热固井材料的优选配合比为:水固比值0.44，石墨、铁粉和石英砂掺量分别占水泥质量的7.5%、3%、2%，其导热系数可达1.87 W/（m·K），较常规固井材料提高约70%。研究成果可为地热能高效开发利用提供参考。      

Non‐metallurgical Slags in the Masonry of Obřany Castle in the Czech Republic: Evidence for the Local Production of Hydraulic Lime in the 14th Century?

Two types of compositionally heterogeneous slags have been found in the wall masonry of the Gothic Castle ruin Obřany. The bright phase is composed of quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, and porous glass, while the dark one also contains feldspars, hercynite, magnetite, clinopyroxenes, and a suite of accessory phases. The bright slags have a similar chemical composition as the mortar from the castle masonry or local sandstones, based on rare earth elements (REE) and other trace element abundances. In contrast, the dark slags are characterized by elevated contents of Al₂O₃ (15.4–18.6 wt.%) and Fe₂O₃^tot (4.1–10.0 wt.%), and consequently resemble the local clay. The investigated slags are not related to iron metallurgy in terms of their composition and texture. They probably originated in a medieval lime kiln through heat sintering of the inner lining during the burning process under relatively high temperatures (1080–1500°C). Simultaneously, the finding of relics of clinker‐like material together with products of its hydration in the hydraulic mortar from the wall masonry infers the production of hydraulic lime or Roman cement during the construction of the castle in the 14^th century. The Obřany Castle appears to represent one of the first applications of hydraulic binders in Moravia.     

养护龄期和铅含量对磷酸镁水泥固化/稳定化铅污染土的固稳性能影响规律及微观机制

采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验、渗透试验和浸出试验,研究了养护龄期和铅含量对污染土固稳性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：固化土的强度随养护龄期增加而增大,渗透系数和浸出浓度减小,7 d龄期的固化土强度和浸出浓度分别为0.36 MPa、1.75 mg/L,均满足环境安全标准;铅含量对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为500 mg/kg。铅含量低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着铅含量的增加而增加,渗透系数随着铅含量的增加而减小。浸出浓度随铅含量的增加而增加,但浸出浓度均低于浸出安全标准。压汞试验结果表明,随养护龄期的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,铅含量不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着铅含量的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明：随着养护龄期的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;铅含量不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于0.1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的渗透特性。     

Geochemical investigations of slags from the historical smelting in Freiberg, Erzgebirge (Germany)

The Freiberg area in the Saxon Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) represents one of the oldest mining districts in Germany. Argentiferous ore mineralizations with lead, zinc and copper are dominating in this region. Various waste products of mining can be found around Freiberg. In particular, the slags from ore smelting were and are regarded as unusable waste products. However, they preserve information on the smelting and weathering behaviour of slag, which makes them very useful sources of information for our purposes. To reconstruct the chemical processes during ore smelting, historical slag represents a most valuable archive. Therefore, the historical slag dump in Halsbach (Germany) was examined exemplarily for the Freiberg deposit. The slag was dumped approx. 400 years ago and is rich in lead. An interrelation between the slag and the metallurgical process applied can be made on the basis of chemical composition, appearance and microscopic results. The slags of the heap in Halsbach contain high concentrations of heavy metals (average contents in mg kg⁻¹: Zn 40,000; Pb 10,000; Cu 1500; U 1000). Enrichments of heavy metals in the organic-rich soil horizons within the range of the dump foot (maximum contents in the A-horizon in mg kg⁻¹: Zn 3719; Pb 9198; As 3017; Cu 963) imply a faint discharge of metals from the dump.     

磷酸镁水泥固化铅污染土的力学特性试验研究及微观机制

采用磷酸镁水泥（MPC）对铅污染土进行固化/稳定化处理。基于无侧限抗压强度试验和渗透试验,研究了MPC添加量、水土比对固化污染土强度及渗透特性的影响规律。结果表明,固化土的强度随MPC添加量增加而增大,渗透系数减小;水土比对固化土的强度及渗透特性的影响均存在临界值,为0.45。低于临界值时,固化土的强度随着水土比的增加而增加,渗透系数随着水土比的增加而减小。压汞试验（MTP）结果表明,随MPC添加量的增大,固化土孔隙体积减小,水土比不超过临界值时,固化土孔隙体积随着水土比的增大而减小。扫描电镜试验结果表明,随着MPC添加量的增加,土颗粒团聚化越明显,胶结程度加强;水土比不超过临界值时,土颗粒团聚体增多。镁钾磷酸盐晶体（MKP）主要通过减少孔径大于1 ?m的孔隙体积来影响固化土的强度和渗透特性。     

Carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag for removal of arsenic from stimulant and real groundwater

Arsenic in groundwater is a serious environmental problem. The contamination of groundwater with arsenic has been of utmost concern worldwide. Steel slag is a solid waste generated from steel production. Although steel slags have been used for arsenic removal from water, this process has not been systematically or integratively researched. In this study, the arsenic removal capacity and mechanism were investigated for carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag based on an in-depth study. The study also evaluated the potential utilization of different steel slag for regeneration. The maximum adsorption of arsenic on carbon steel slag, stainless steel slag and Fe-modified stainless steel slag was 12.20, 3.17 and 12.82 mg g^?1 at 25 °C, respectively. The modification of stainless steel slag by FeC1₃ can generate more pore structures and larger surface areas, and 300 °C treatment produces the best regeneration efficiency. The ΔG values were negative for all of the steel slags, indicating the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. The solution pH was a critical parameter for the removal of arsenic for steel slags. Under highly alkaline solution conditions, the mechanism of arsenic removal by carbon steel slag and stainless steel slag can be attributed to chemisorption, including chemical precipitation and coordination reactions, and under weakly alkaline solution conditions, electrostatic interaction and specific adsorption are the arsenic removal mechanisms by Fe-modified stainless steel slag. Regeneration of the Fe-modified stainless steel slag was better achieved than that of the other steel slags in the application of high-temperature treatment.     

Geotechnical Behavior of Recycled Copper Slag-Cement-Treated Singapore Marine Clay

Copper slag is a by-product obtained from production of copper metal. As copper slag contains silica and alumina, it may exhibit pozzolanic property, and hence it may be re-use in ground improvement applications as a partial replacement of cement. Present study evaluates systematically the possible pozzolanic property of copper slag as well as studies the effect of copper slag on engineering properties of cement-treated clay. X-rays diffraction method was employed to assess the possible pozzolanic property of copper slag. Effect of copper slag on engineering properties (i.e. compressive strength and compressibility) of cement-treated clay was studied with samples prepared with constant water content and workability. The test results showed that with sufficient curing time and at constant workability, the compressive strength of cement-treated clay was found to be increased with increasing amount of copper slag at high cement content but the compressive strength remained the same with increasing amount of copper slag at low cement content. Compressibility of cement-treated clay was found to be unchanged with increasing amount of copper slag. It was concluded that copper slag can be used as partial replacement of cement in treating soft marine clay.     

Study on Performances of the Concrete Pavement from Zincilate

The use of zincilate production of concrete pavement brick both use of industrial solid waste, protect the environment and promoting building energy efficiency, there are huge comprehensive benefits. Based on the guizhou bijie zincilate as the main raw material preparation from concrete pavement brick, and the main factors which influence the quality of the products was investigated. The test results show that: Concrete pavement brick compressive strength at 28 days with zinc slag volume increases, zinc slag admixture is 40%, 28 days compressive strength is more than 32 MPa.     

Mineral precipitation and dissolution at two slag-disposal sites in northwestern Indiana,USA

Slag is a ubiquitous byproduct of the iron- and steel-refining industries. In northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, slag has been deposited over more than 52 km² of land surface. Despite the widespread use of slag for fill and construction purposes, little is known about its chemical effects on the environment. Two slag-disposal sites were examined in northwestern Indiana where slag was deposited over the native glacial deposits. At a third site, where slag was not present, background conditions were defined. Samples were collected from cores and drill cuttings and described with scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. Ground-water samples were collected and used to assess thermodynamic equilibria between authigenic minerals and existing conditions. Differences in the mineralogy at background and slag-affected sites were apparent. Calcite, dolomite, gypsum, iron oxides, and clay minerals were abundant in native sediments immediately beneath the slag. Mineral features indicated that these minerals precipitated rapidly from slag drainage and co-precipitated minor amounts of non-calcium metals and trace elements. Quartz fragments immediately beneath the slag showed extensive pitting that was not apparent in sediments from the background site, indicating chemical weathering by the hyperalkaline slag drainage. The environmental impacts of slag-related mineral precipitation include disruption of natural ground-water flow patterns and bed-sediment armoring in adjacent surface-water systems. Dissolution of native quartz by the hyperalkaline drainage may cause instability in structures situated over slag fill or in roadways comprised of slag aggregates.     

废旧轮胎胶粉对高岭土变形和渗透性质的影响

废旧轮胎胶粉用于填埋场衬垫材料改性,是提高衬垫系统有效性和扩展废旧轮胎资源化利用途径的一种手段。以高岭土作为黏性土的代表,开展废旧轮胎胶粉-高岭土混合土的力学和水力学性质试验,重点探讨胶粉掺量及尺寸对混合土渗透性、压缩性和收缩性的影响规律。研究表明,废旧轮胎胶粉-高岭土混合土的渗透系数、压缩系数、回弹指数、固结系数和体缩率等均随胶粉掺入比的增加而增大。高岭土及混合土的无侧限抗压强度大于200kPa,50kPa和200kPa压力下渗透系数满足≤1.0×10-7cm·s-1的要求,均属于中压缩性土,且体缩率小于体积应变合格值4%。与30目胶粉相比,12目胶粉-高岭土混合土压缩性和回弹量较小、固结系数较大,胶粉尺寸对无侧限抗压强度、体缩率和渗透系数的影响不显著。在本文试验条件下,为提高黏土衬垫对有机污染物的吸附能力并满足渗透性、强度及变形的要求,12目25%胶粉改性黏土可作为填埋场黏土衬垫材料。     

Evaluation of three waterborne polymers as stabilizers for sandy soil

This study reports on waterborne polymer emulsion systems that were used for structural modification of sandy soils. The first emulsion used was a styrene-acrylic, copolymer emulsion; the second and third were vinyl-acrylic, copolymer-based emulsions. Specimens were prepared by adding different polymer emulsions to the sand and water in prescribed amounts. The performance of the different emulsion systems as sand stabilizers was estimated through measurement of the hydraulic conductivity and compressive strength. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity were conducted in a flexible membrane test apparatus. The hydraulic conductivity for the three emulsions decreased at different rates, with an increase in polymer content up to 3 wt. (i.e., % by weight). Additional increase of polymer content did not introduce significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity, and, at 5 wt.%, the three emulsions had essentially the same effect. Measurements made on dry cylindrical specimens disclosed remarkable enhancement in the mechanical behavior of the system. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of the examined emulsions increased with a higher concentration of polymer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the reduction in the permeability and the improved mechanical properties can be attributed to three dominant structural changes: the development of interconnecting ties between the sand particles, the development of adhesion between neighboring sand particles in contact, and the covering of the sand particles with a thin polymer film.     

广东云浮含Tl硫酸冶炼堆渣场土壤Tl污染的元素-Pb同位素示踪研究

利用元素总量和Pb同位素示踪技术对广东云浮硫酸厂含Tl黄铁矿冶炼堆渣场周围土壤中Tl的污染程度和迁移行为进行了研究。研究发现堆渣场周围土壤中Tl污染物主要集中于表层土壤约16．5cm深度内,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速下降的特点。堆渣场周围土壤中Tl与Pb呈显著线性相关,表明自然条件下田与Pb在土壤中的迁移相似性,并且都以横向迁移为主。堆渣场固结层周围土壤至少44cm范围已经受到废渣中Tl释放的影响,Tl污染物平均下渗速率达到2．75cm／a。酸性雨水的淋滤作用及废渣自身不断酸化的特性是废渣中．Tl迁移释放入土壤的主要因素,土壤铁氧化物胶体及有机质是土壤对Tl产生吸附的主要载体。     

新疆西天山备战铁矿成矿作用初探

该文在野外地质调查基础上,对备战铁矿区内的火山岩和矿石进行了详细的矿物学和岩石地球化学研究,并深入讨论了矿床成因。研究表明,该区的主要赋矿围岩为火山岛弧玄武岩,其与磁铁矿有着类似的稀土元素配分模式,说明二者有成因上的联系。成矿物质可能来源于北天山洋块向伊犁板块之下俯冲过程中软流圈上涌形成的富铁玄武质岩浆。受洋块俯冲作用影响,富铁玄武质岩浆沿北天山压扭性深大断裂底侵,并经历了一定的结晶分离或同化混染作用,最后在中地壳形成一套演化的玄武质（安山质）岩浆,并在岩浆晚期阶段发生富铁岩浆和硅酸盐岩浆的分离,此时,火山岩中的普通辉石受岩浆晚期的热液作用影响蚀变为透辉石,发生了Si,Ca,Mg的富集和Fe,Al,Ti的缺失,一定程度上促进了含铁矿浆的富集。