共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Caitlin Balthrop Moffitt Faisal Hossain Robert F. Adler Koray K. Yilmaz Harold F. Pierce 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Although the TRMM-based Flood Detection System (FDS) has been in operation in near real-time since 2006, the flood ‘detection’ capability has been validated mostly against qualitative reports in news papers and other types of media. In this study, a more quantitative validation of the FDS over Bangladesh against in situ measurements is presented. Using measured stream flow and rainfall data, the study analyzed the flood detection capability from space for three very distinct river systems in Bangladesh: (1) Ganges– a snowmelt-fed river regulated by upstream India, (2) Brahmaputra – a snow-fed river that is braided, and (3) Meghna – a rain-fed and relatively flashier river. The quantitative assessment showed that the effectiveness of the TRMM-based FDS can vary as a function of season and drainage basin characteristics. Overall, the study showed that the TRMM-based FDS has great potential for flood prone countries like Bangladesh that are faced with tremendous hurdles in transboundary flood management. The system had a high probability of detection overall, but produced increased false alarms during the monsoon period and in regulated basins (Ganges), undermining the credibility of the FDS flood warnings for these situations. For this reason, FDS users are cautioned to verify FDS estimates during the monsoon period and for regulated rivers before implementing flood management practices. Planned improvements by FDS developers involving physically-based hydrologic modeling should transform the system into a more accurate tool for near real-time decision making on flood management for ungauged river basins of the world. 相似文献
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Obtaining spatial similarity degrees among the same objects on multi-scale maps is of importance in map generalization. This paper firstly defines the concepts of ‘map scale change’ and ‘spatial similarity degree’; then it proposes a model for calculating the spatial similarity degree between a river basin network at one scale and its generalized version at another scale. After this, it validates the new model and gets 16 points in the model validation process. The x-coordinate and y-coordinate of each point are map scale change and spatial similarity degree, respectively. Last, a formula for calculating spatial similarity degree taking map scale change as the only variable is obtained by the curve fitting method. The formula along with the model can be used to automate the algorithms for simplifying river basin networks. 相似文献
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本文以新疆焉耆盆地为研究区,首先利用实测数据和Landsat 8 OLI遥感数据获取土壤调查植被指数(MSAVI)和地表温度(Ts),构建Ts-MSAVI特征空间,拟合特征空间的干湿方程;然后利用该特征空间计算温度植被干旱指数(TVDIm),反演9-11月的土壤湿度,探讨土壤湿度时空分布特征。试验结果表明:①遥感影像反演的TVDI与实地考察的土壤湿度显著相关(a=0.05);不同土层中,TVDIm与10~20 cm土层湿度相关性最高(R=0.588);②焉耆盆地湿度总体以半干旱为主(0.60.8);土壤湿度空间分布上,焉耆盆地南侧为干旱区,西部和北部地区偏干旱,中部为湿润区域,对于该地区滨湖湿地和博斯腾湖附近小湖土壤湿度最高,博斯腾湖南部的沙地区土壤湿度最低,Ts与土壤湿度呈负相关;③10月湿地的TVDIm值最低,9月沙地的TVDIm值最高。TVDI模型应用于焉耆盆地取得较好的结果,可用于正确地估算土壤湿度,研究结果可为焉耆盆地生态环境和水资源提供重要的参数。 相似文献
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本文以武汉市主城区为研究对象,首先基于手机信令的居民出行OD数据识别商业中心的势力范围和腹地,并分析了研究区商业中心的空间特征;然后构建了影响腹地规模的指标体系;最后通过熵权法对影响因子赋权,计算得到各商业中心的综合水平。研究结果表明:①研究区商业中心呈多核心分布特征,其影响范围沿地铁分布,长江对其具有明显分隔作用;②POI多样性与商业中心腹地规模有较强相关性(0.879 8),商业中心吸引力更多取决于其服务水平和交通发达程度;③汉街和街道口虽为区级商业中心,但由于位置较好、交通便捷,仍是附近居民消费、游憩的首选。 相似文献
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利用49个山东省连续运行参考站(SDCORS) 2020年的北斗观测数据,使用GAMIT软件进行了大气水汽反演,得到了全年逐小时的大气可降水量(PWV)序列. 将反演得到的PWV与探空气象站观测的PWV对比,平均偏差为2.4 mm,均方根误差(RMSE)为3.4 mm,相关系数达到0.98,结果表明反演结果的精度符合气象研究需求. 分别从单连续运行参考站(CORS)和全省范围对PWV在暴雨过程中的变化进行了分析,发现PWV在暴雨产生前5~12 h开始上升,至暴雨产生时刻,PWV最大值普遍达到60 mm以上,平均变化率达到1~3 mm/h,越临近暴雨产生,PWV变化幅度越大,降水结束后,PWV会迅速下降. PWV的变化与暴雨的产生具有高度相关性,PWV在暴雨产生前后的剧烈变化,可用于暴雨预警研究,对于生产生活活动具有重要现实指导意义. 相似文献
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The Upper Tons River Basin of North India has been selected for prioritisation of sub-watersheds (SW) based on morphometric parameters with respect to groundwater derived from topographic sheets and CARTOSAT data. There are 10 SW have been delineated in the region, high stream frequency (Fs) values of SW (1–5) and SW-9 indicated the occurrence of steep slopes, less permeable rocks, greater runoff, less infiltration possibility. Further, these regions have been predicted as poor groundwater potentialities. SW-2 has been identified as poorest groundwater potential zone, whereas SW-4 and SW (6–8) regions possess good permeable bed rocks. The Drainage density (Dd) map demonstrated that the middle south-west region possesses higher Dd whereas northeastern regions contain lower Dd. Further, the areal parameters indicate elongated shape of the basin, hilly region has moderate to steeper ground slope. The outcomes of work have potential to manage groundwater and to ameliorate the flash flood and droughts. 相似文献
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The electric vehicle industry is essential for China's economic transformation and industrial upgrading. Identifying the distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops is of great significance to boost the development of retail geography theory and promote the optimization of industrial space. Regression and spatial econometric methods analyze the influencing factors of electric vehicle sales and service shop distribution. According to the point of interest data of electric vehicle sales and service shops, taking 10 typical cities in China as an example, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops and its influencing factors are empirically explored by spatial econometric methods. The results indicate the following: (1) From high to low, the influence degree of spatial dependence factors are car license restriction policy, the average age of residents, number of schools, built-up area, the amount of investment in real estate, electric vehicle sales, and GDP; (2) On the whole, the spatial distribution of electric vehicle sales and service shops shows the characteristics of a multi-center circle-layered spatial structure that spreads from the inside to the outside; and (3) The spatial influencing factors such as electric vehicle sales, charging stations, permanent resident population, schools, and subway stations in the four first-tier cities is evident. 相似文献
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针对不同的数据源及时间和空间尺度会使植被覆盖度及其与气象因子影响的结果有所差别这一情况,该文基于青藏高原1982-2012年GIMMS NDVI和2001-2013年MODIS NDVI遥感数据集,结合研究区内12个典型的气象站点数据,进行了青藏高原地区植被覆盖时空动态变化规律及其与气象因子响应的时序分析,并利用重合时间段的数据对比分析了两种传感器在青藏高原地区对植被动态变化监测方面的差异.结果表明:近30年来,青藏高原地区植被呈整体改善趋势,尤其是高海拔地区;不同阶段植被的变化趋势有所不同;两种传感器在反映植被动态变化趋势上差异显著,但两者与气候因子的响应规律相同. 相似文献
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针对现有职住空间关系的研究难以在微观维度上有效促进大城市职住功能空间的均衡发展以及规划政策与现状发展存在的时序错位问题,该文以北京市为例,从房屋建筑使用用途的角度切入,运用空间自相关分析模型、热点分析模型和职住用地比三个评价方法,同时借用ArcGIS软件平台进行空间分析与可视化表达,探究北京职住空间在乡镇尺度下的组织特征。研究发现:北京市职住空间表现为聚类分布的空间格局特征,以首都功能核心区为中心,大致呈现出环状圈层分布,北京市职住空间的“热点区”在空间分布上存在差异,而“冷点区”在空间分布上基本相同,职住空间关系存在失衡,与规划目标存在一定的偏差。提出的研究方法从微观维度分析了城市职住空间的组织特征,促进了城市规划与发展时序的有效结合,可在特大城市的职住空间关系的研究中进行推广应用。 相似文献
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针对山区植被分类受地形复杂、植被类型多样、验证数据获取困难等因素限制基于多光谱数据的亚热带山区土地利用/覆盖分类存在困难,探究利用物候信息对亚热带山区植被实施分类的效果。综合运用归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化水指数(NDWI),同时考虑到海拔高度对植被类型的影响,建立决策树模型。该模型基于多时相Landsat TM影像,利用了不同地物类型的物候特征和光谱差异,将漓江上游地区分为8种土地覆盖类型。实验结果表明,分类结果总体精度达到86.40%,Kappa系数为0.83。 相似文献
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空间网格分辨率为9 km 的 SMAP(Soil Moisture Active and Passive)、0.1D(Degree)的 ASCAT(The Advanced Scatterometer)、25 km 的 FY-3B 以及25 km ESA-CCI(European Space Agency-Climat... 相似文献