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2001年11月14日的昆仑山Ms8.1级地震前几天,中国地震台网多个台站都观测到了持续数天的低频震颤波信号.由于这些震颤波发生在强震前,所以备受关注.多年来研究人员对该震颤波的产生原因进行过多方探讨,但没有定论.该震颤波信号是否源自强震区的慢地震?是否是地震前兆?或为其它因素?为了回答这些问题,我们从多方面分析和研究了昆仑山强震前中国大陆宽频地震仪所观测的震颤波信号的特征、持续时间、震颤波强度变化与大规模大气运动的关系、信号强度随观测空间的衰减变化特征.结果表明:中国大陆宽频地震仪在昆仑山强震前观测到的震颤波由两个信号组成,其中11月10日开始出现,主要频率范围0.15~0.22 Hz (周期约4~7 s)、持续时间在10-13日的震颤波,主要由同时间段内发生在西太平洋的强台风玲玲(Ling Ling)引发;而11月11日开始出现,主要频率范围0.1~0.13 Hz (周期7~10 s)、持续时间在11-12日的震颤波,不是来自昆仑山强震区的慢地震,而是由来自欧洲北部及欧亚大陆的强温带气旋引发. 相似文献
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2011年日本大地震可能加速慢滑事件复发 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
相对于一般地震中快速的断层作用而言,慢滑(SSEs)是另一种形式的断层形变.人们在全球范围内的很多俯冲带板块边界观测到了这种短暂性滑动.位于日本中部的房总半岛(Boso Peninsula)附近的慢滑事件是记录最多的一个,拥有迄今为止最长的复发历史——将近30年,复发间隔为5~7年. 相似文献
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During three years preceding the 1976 Friuli earthquake, a continuous southward ground tilt was recorded by a tiltmeter placed near Tolmezzo, 15 km north-west of the epicentre of the impending earthquake. The cumulative ground tilt amounted to as much as 3 minutes of arc. Since the tiltmeter was placed in the proximity of an active fault, such a tilt can be explained if the fault slipped aseismically on its shallower section during the same three year period. Aseismic slip on the fault might have been caused by the same mechanism which concentrated stress in the region and eventually produced the 1976 earthquake. 相似文献
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深地实验室的低噪声特性为高精度连续重力观测提供了理想的外部条件.为了揭示深地观测环境对重力观测精度的提升效果,本研究利用CG-5型和CG-6型各两台重力仪,在淮南煤矿的地下和地表同时开展重力观测.为减小仪器性能差异对结果的影响,先在淮北重力站进行同址观测.研究结果表明,相比于地表观测,地下观测可以减少1/3至1/2的线性漂移和1/3左右的非线性漂移,提取的潮汐因子精度也更高.地下非线性漂移的功率谱密度比地表低,二者差异在半日波频段最大可达15 dB.相比于地表和山洞,深地观测在次地震频段有明显的低噪声优势.地震位错理论计算结果表明,冲绳海沟7级左右的地震可在淮南深地试验场产生大约0.003 μGal的重力变化,超过0.001 μGal的超导重力静态观测精度.因此有望利用淮南深地实验室,在次地震频段的低噪声优势环境下开展超导连续重力观测,捕捉冲绳海沟可能存在的7级以上慢地震事件.
相似文献5.
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本文提出的利用到时差的方法测定地震参数,确保了所定得的震中位置和震源深度的可靠性,具有简便,实用等优点,可用于地震现场和水库地区的震情监视。 相似文献
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P. L. Willmore 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,103(1):421-423
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地震人员伤亡快速评估 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
根据2000~2004年发生在中国大陆地区典型成灾性地震,统计实际人员伤亡数据与地震灾害损失快速评估数据的关系。结果表明,评估结果与实际数据之间误差很大。针对这一情况,笔者从建筑物易损性矩阵的地区差异性以及人口数据动态变化的角度,对当前地震人员伤亡快速评估模型进行修正。结果表明,修正后的评估结果更加接近于实际死亡人数。 相似文献
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Some existing models for the simulation of earthquake acceleration show the difficulties in determining the involved parameters and in describing frequency content. A non-stationary modulated random process obtained as the product of a time envelope function and a stationary random function is used to simulate earthquake acceleration. The parameters and the distribution of frequencies of the simulation process are obtainable from past earthquake records. This simple and realistic model is suggested for use as the input process in aseismic design of structures. 相似文献
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A mixed model is proposed to fit earthquake interevent time distribution. In this model, the whole distribution is constructed
by mixing the distribution of clustered seismicity, with a suitable distribution of background seismicity. Namely, the fit
is tested assuming a clustered seismicity component modeled by a non-homogeneous Poisson process and a background component
modeled using different hypothetical models (exponential, gamma and Weibull). For southern California, Japan, and Turkey,
the best fit is found when a Weibull distribution is implemented as a model for background seismicity. Our study uses earthquake
random sampling method we introduced recently. It is performed here to account for space–time clustering of earthquakes at
different distances from a given source and to increase the number of samples used to estimate earthquake interevent time
distribution and its power law scaling. For Japan, the contribution of clustered pairs of events to the whole distribution
is analyzed for different magnitude cutoffs, m
c, and different time periods. The results show that power laws are mainly produced by the dominance of correlated pairs at
small and long time ranges. In particular, both power laws, observed at short and long time ranges, can be attributed to time–space
clustering revealed by the standard Gardner and Knopoff’s declustering windows. 相似文献
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介绍了利用Logistic回归进行地震危险性概率预测方法,对以新西兰地区相同时间段内地震活动性b值和等地震个数所覆盖空间区域的半径r为例,讨论了地震活动性参数的变化和强震发生的概率关系。研究表明,该地区强震发生的概率总体上与强震发生前一年半时间窗内的地震活动性资料计算的b值呈正相关关系,与r值呈负相关关系。该方法可以推广应用于研究其他异常分布和强震的概率统计关系。 相似文献
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采用自激励门限自回归模型(SETAR)对山西、河北平原带及郯庐带1970年以来半年度最高震级序列进行了分析计算,给出了1998年以来山西、河北平原带及郯庐带半年度最高预测震级。结果表明,该模型对半年度地震趋势预测具有良好的预测效果,这种建模方法有效,模型可信。 相似文献
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地震记录处理的一种新方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了M icrosoftV isual C (VC )和M atlab相结合开发地震记录处理软件的一种新方法。VC 和M atlab相结合开发地震记录处理软件,减轻了编程人员的工作量,提高了软件的开发效率和处理能力,为此类软件的开发提供了一种方便灵活的实现方法。通过一简单地震记录处理程序的三种不同实现途径,详细讲述了VC 和M atlab的编译环境。三种不同实现途径分别是:(1)VC 中直接调用M atlab C 数学图形函数库生成独立可执行程序;(2)VC 调用M程序生成的C/C 代码生成独立可执行程序;(3)VC 调用M文件转换成的DLL(动态链接库)生成可执行程序。文章还对三种实现途径进行了优缺点的比较,为开发人员在具体开发时提供参考。 相似文献
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地震自动定位的综合解决方案 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
赵仲和 《地震地磁观测与研究》2005,26(1):50-56
针对已有两类地震自动定位方法各自的优点和限制,提出了综合利用这两类方法以形成一个统一系统的方案,希望以此提高地震自动定位能力。该方案的基本流程是:利用波形相关方法在连续地震波形上检测出地震事件并初定其震源位置和发震时刻;利用初定的震源位置和发震时刻,预测各台站各震相的到时;以预测的各震相到时为参考点,利用单台波形(单道或三分向)在该参考点附近精确测定震相到时;利用修定后的震相到时测定震源位置和发震时刻;根据震中距判定地震类型(地方震、近震、远震),在预期的波形段自动测定波形最大振幅和相应周期,进而测定相应类型的震级(ML、Ms或mb)。 相似文献
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Earthquake occurrence is well-known to be associated with structural changes in underground dynamics, such as stress level and strength of electromagnetic signals. While the causation between earthquake occurrence and underground dynamics remains elusive, the modeling of changes in underground dynamics can provide insights on earthquake occurrence. However, underground dynamics are usually difficult to measure accurately or even unobservable. In order to model and examine the effect of the changes in unobservable underground dynamics on earthquake occurrence, we propose a novel model for earthquake prediction by introducing a latent Markov process to describe the underground dynamics. In particular, the model is capable of predicting the change-in-state of the hidden Markov chain, and thus can predict the time and magnitude of future earthquake occurrences simultaneously. Simulation studies and applications on a real earthquake dataset indicate that the proposed model successfully predicts future earthquake occurrences. Theoretical results, including the stationarity and ergodicity of the proposed model, as well as consistency and asymptotic normality of model parameter estimation, are provided. 相似文献