Large-Scale Smoke Haze over the European Part of Russia and Belorus in July 2016

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The smoke haze over the European part of Russia (EPR) and Belorus in July 2016 has been studied with the use of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data...     

2016年夏季舟山近岸海域底栖生物调查与研究

底栖生物是海洋环境质量的重要指标。2016年夏季对舟山近岸海域37个站位的底栖生物进行调查,此次调查共鉴定出底栖生物45种,平均栖息密度为41 ind/m2,平均生物量为3.92 g/m2,底栖生物的栖息密度和生物量基本上由西向东逐渐升高。底栖生物的种类、密度、生物量、多样性指数与水深及水质中的盐度、pH、悬浮物、总磷、总氮呈弱或中等程度相关,与沉积物中重金属（铜、锌、铅、镉、铬、总汞）、砷、有机碳呈弱或中等程度的相关性,尤其与镉含量的相关性最为明显。由ABC曲线分析可知,该调查海域底栖生物受到一定程度的扰动。与2005年该海域调查结果比较表明,该海域底栖生物的多样性指数平均值较2005年略有降低,平均生物量较2005年降低,但平均密度较2005年升高。此次调查出现无底栖生物站位所占的比例较2005年上升。研究表明,2016年舟山海域海洋环境质量状况劣于2005年,应加强海洋环境监测与治理。     

Recent Primary Production and Small Phytoplankton Contribution in the Yellow Sea during the Summer in 2016

The high nutrient concentration associated with the mixing dynamics of two warm and cold water masses supports high primary production in the Yellow Sea. Although various environmental changes have been reported, no recent information on small phytoplankton contribution to the total primary production as an important indicator for marine ecosystem changes is currently available in the Yellow Sea. The major objective of this study is to determine the small (< 2 μm) phytoplankton contribution to the total primary production in the Yellow Sea during August, 2016. In this study, we found relatively lower chlorophyll a concentrations in the water column than those previously reported in the central waters of the Yellow Sea. Moreover, the overall contribution of small phytoplankton (53.1%) to the total chlorophyll a concentration was considerably higher in this study than that (10.7%) observed previously. Based on the N/P ratio (67.6 ± 36.6) observed in this study, which is significantly higher than the Redfield ratio (16), we believe that phytoplankton experienced P-limiting conditions during the study period. The average daily carbon uptake rate of total phytoplankton in this study was 291.1 mg C m^-2 d^-1 (± 165.0 mg C m^-2 d^-1) and the rate of small phytoplankton was 205.7 mg C m^-2 d^-1 (± 116.0 mg C m^-2 d^-1) which is 71.9% (± 8.8%) of the total daily carbon uptake rate. This contribution of small phytoplankton observed in this study appears to be higher than that reported previously. Our recent measured primary production is approximately 50% lower than the previous values decades ago. The higher contributions of small phytoplankton to the total chlorophyll a concentration and primary production might be caused by P-limited conditions and this resulted in lower chlorophyll a concentration and total primary production in this study compared to previous studies.     

2016年夏季胶州湾表层海水pCO_2的分布及控制机制

根据胶州湾2016年夏季6月末和7月初两个航次调查得到的碳酸盐数据和相关水文参数,探讨了两个航次下表层海水pCO_2分布的主要控制机制。结果表明:6月末表层海水pCO_2处于478～1 043μatm之间。其中在湾东北海域,处理后污水DIC直接输入和好氧呼吸使得DIC明显盈余,这是造成这一区域pCO_2最高的主要原因。而在湾西部和湾中海域,初级生产和碳酸钙沉淀引起DIC明显亏损,但由于碳酸钙沉淀释放CO_2强于初级生产消耗,该区域pCO_2最低仍高达500μatm左右,表现为CO_2的源。而到了7月初,降雨过程发生后,湾内初级生产显著增强,pCO_2下降至298～570μatm。但由于同时伴随的碳酸钙沉淀释放CO_2,使得CO_2的汇区主要出现在DO%大于140%的李村河口和湾西部部分区域。7月初初级生产的显著增强可能与湿沉降带来的营养盐输入有关。     

Large-Scale Errors in ERS Altimeter Data

A method is described for mapping time-uncorrelated large-scale errors in satellite altimeter sea surface heights. Standard deviations of differences between pairs of successive measurements at track crossovers are computed, and the functional dependence of these deviations on absolute time difference is used to estimate the errors of individual measurements. This is first applied to all of ERS-1,2 altimeter data in the Pacific Ocean, yielding average errors of 3.2 cm in the deep ocean (>1 km) and 4.7 cm in the shallow seas (<1 km). The procedure is repeated for variable latitude bands, each with a full range of possible time differences, yielding a meridional profile of computed errors, ranging from 2.6 cm near the Antarctic continent (67–60S) and South Subtropical regions (25–5S) to 3.5 cm in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (60–45S) and the Northern Hemisphere Subtropical and Subpolar Gyres. Finally, coarse-resolution maps of these errors are produced by subdividing the Pacific Ocean into latitude-longitude bins, each large enough to contain a sufficient number of samples for the functional fits. The larger errors are in Northwest and Subtropical Pacific, especially in South China Sea (4.3 to 4.5 cm) and off northern Australia (5.4 cm), while the smaller errors (2.5 to 3 cm) are in Northeast Pacific, central Tropical Pacific and near Antarctica in Southeast Pacific Ocean. These are lower bounds on altimeter errors, as they do not include contributions from time-correlated errors. We find that the computed error fields are not correlated with sea level standard deviations, thus disproving the notion that altimeter error variance can be scaled with the variance of sea surface height data.     

Spatial Variability of Zooplankton and Hydrological Indicators of the Waters of the Southern and Central Baltic Sea in Late Summer of 2016

Oceanology - The late-summer zooplankton features of the structure and distribution in the South Baltic and the Baltic Proper (deeps 55–215 m) in 2016 were revealed, taking into account...     

大系统在稳定性理论中的部分分解法

研究大系统的稳定性问题 ,提出一种部分分解法。用此方法可分析子系统间单方向强耦合的大系统稳定性问题。以线性定常大系统为例 ,说明了部分分解法的思路及算法 ,并给出了具有单向强耦合的大系统渐近稳定的充分条件。     

大型沉箱出运工艺的优化

沉箱预制时在沉箱底部四个角各放置一个木盒,该木盒经防腐处理,一面作为牵引孔、朝外、不封、其余五面用木板封住。木盒上面预留一个直径15㎝朝上的销钉孔,放置销钉。放置木盒时需与周边钢筋留有至少8㎝以上的钢筋混凝土保护层,浇筑混凝土时在销钉孔放置圆形预埋件。沉箱出运时以钢丝绳扣为拉鼻,通过销钉孔利用大直径圆钢作为销钉固定钢丝绳,牵引机将拖运牵引力传给沉箱,带动沉箱前移。     

Anomalous Wildfires in Siberia in Summer 2019

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of satellite wildfire monitoring and estimates for the amounts of emissions of harmful gases and fine aerosols in Siberia from 2001 to 2019...     

线性离散大系统稳定性的部分分解法

该文研究子系统间具有强耦合的线性离散大系统的稳定性。提出一种适合于该类大系统稳定性分析的部分分解法。该方法可将高阶线性离散大系统化为若干个具有单向解耦的低阶子系统来研究。从而 ,利用标量李雅普诺夫函数将高阶矩阵李雅普诺夫方程化为若干个单向解耦的低阶矩阵方程。通过线性矩阵不等式得到线性离散大系统稳定性的充分条件。     

北冰洋夏季的海雾

以中国首次北极科学考察采用国内外海冰、大气和海洋的先进观测设备,获得海、陆、空的同步或准同步观测资料为基础,重点研究北冰洋的海雾.发现在北冰洋大范围被海冰覆盖或冰水相间的洋面上,能够形成平流雾、辐射雾和蒸汽雾.每种海雾的特点和形成的物理机制不同.在北冰洋的南部,由于暖湿气流充分,易形成持续时间长、浓度大的平流雾;在冰盖和大浮冰块上,由于冰雪面的强辐射冷却,容易形成稳定的辐射雾;在浮冰区能够形成像开锅的蒸汽一样的蒸汽雾.指出在北冰洋形成多种海雾原因是海冰的分布及独特的物理特性造成下垫面性质的复杂化,产生的海气相互作用复杂化的结果,特别是冰雪面的反照率高,不能吸收极昼期充足的太阳辐射.冰又是热的不良导体,成为海气热交换的屏障,在浮冰区由于冰屏障的破碎,海气交换活跃.海洋以潜热的形式向大气输送热量,以蒸汽雾的形式反映出海气热交换的程度和对气候影响的一种表现形式.提出在蒸汽雾发生的过程中,海洋以感热的形式向大气输送热量.     

Seafloor Kinematics of the Near-Greenland Region of the Eurasian Basin

Oceanology - The Lincoln Sea floor evolved during stretching of a segment of the continental Greenland –Barents Sea shelf. Prior to the onset of extension, the continental shallow-water...     

Summer Arctic sea fog

I~IOXSea fog is a kind of dangerous weather. Chinese sea fog experts, Wang Binhua (1983),Hu Ruijin and Zhou Faxiu (1998) and Hu Jifu et al. (1996) studied sea fog rather Systematically. FOreign Experts also Paid great attention to sea fog. Ernlnons and Montgomery(1974), chipper (1994) and Rayrnond et al. (1989) have studied sea fog thorOUghly.HOwever, studies on Arctic sea ice have rarely been carried Out becauSe of the sever environment and less htnnan activity in the region. There …     

2020年夏季海洋天气评述

2020年夏季（6—8月）,北半球极涡呈现明显的单极型分布,极涡主体位于北极圈内,中心偏向东半球,中高纬环流呈现4波型分布。6—7月,西太平洋副热带高压较常年平均偏强,且位置偏西偏南,不利于热带气旋活动。2020年夏季共有8个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海生成,其中7月没有热带气旋生成。除西北太平洋和南海之外,其他热带洋面另有20个热带气旋生成,其中北大西洋11个,东太平洋8个,北印度洋1个。受偏南暖湿气流的影响,我国北方海域多海雾天气。同时受入海气旋活动影响,多海上大风过程。夏季近海海域共出现了7次比较明显的海雾过程,其中6月3次,7月1次,8月3次。大风过程出现了10次,2次由热带气旋影响,7次与入海气旋活动有关。发生2 m以上的大浪过程12次,6—8月分别出现了4次、5次和3次。     

昌黎生态监控区夏季浮游动物多样性研究

为弄清昌黎生态监控区的浮游动物群落结构特征,利用2013-2015年夏季(8月)浮游动物监测数据,采用Shannon-Weaver、Pielou、Margalef和simpson指数方程分析了夏季昌黎生态监控区I网型浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布和多样性变化特征。结果表明:2013-2015年夏季共鉴定浮游动物43种,其中,2013年34种,2014年25种,2015年17种。三年浮游动物平均丰度分别为252个/m^3、184个/m^3和131个/m^3。由此显示出种类组成和平均丰度均为2013年>2014年>2015年,呈逐年降低趋势。2013-2015年平均多样性指数(H′)分别为2.30、1.60、2.26;平均均匀度指数(J)分别为0.59、0.52、0.73;平均丰富度指数(d)分别为1.78、1.11、1.34,2014年三项指标明显低于2013年和2015年。以优势度指数Y>0.02确定优势种浮游动物优势种类,共鉴定优势种11种,2013年6种,其第一优势种为短尾类幼虫(Brachyura larva),优势度指数Y=0.22,2014和2015年分别为3种和5种,第一优势种均为强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa),优势度指数Y分别为0.43和0.40。     

A teleconnection pattern in upper-level meridional wind over the North African and Eurasian continent in summer

One-point correlation analysis on upper-level meridional wind identified the existence of a teleconnection pattern in July, which emerges from North Africa to East Asia along the westerly jet in the middle latitudes. We examined the spatial and temporal structures of this teleconnection pattern, and found the unique characteristics rather different from the patterns in other elements such as geopotential height, streamfunction and vorticity. We also investigated the relationship between this teleconnection and precipitation, and suggested that the teleconnection is a possible linkage of the EASM to the Indian monsoon, and even to subtropical heating anomalies over Atlantic.     

2022年夏季海洋天气评述

2022年夏季(6—8月)大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中高纬度西风带呈3波型分布,欧亚大陆为“两槽一脊”的环流型。6月,副热带高压偏南、偏强,不利于热带气旋生成;7—8月副热带高压北抬西伸,热带气旋开始活跃并影响我国近海。我国近海有18次8级以上大风过程,其中热带气旋过程大风有5次,5次由入海温带气旋造成,7次为雷暴大风,另外1次由冷空气过程引起。我国北方海域多海雾天气,出现5次明显的海雾过程,其中6月出现4次,7月出现1次。发生14次2.0 m以上的大浪过程,6月出现6次,7月出现4次,8月出现4次。西北太平洋和南海共有9个热带气旋命名,比多年平均偏少2.6个;其他各大洋共有11个命名热带气旋生成,分别为：北大西洋3个、东太平洋8个。     

2023年夏季海洋天气评述

2023年夏季（6—8月）大气环流特征为：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,极涡强度较常年偏弱,欧亚地区及西北太平洋500 hPa槽脊位置与常年相近,副热带高压较常年平均偏西且略偏南,强度偏强,范围偏大。6 月,我国东部和北部近海海域出现3次海雾过程,7月和8月无大范围海雾过程。西北太平洋和南海生成台风10个,个数较常年同期偏少,平均极值强度显著偏强。6月生成1个远海转向台风;7月生成3个台风,其中2个台风登陆我国;8月台风活动频繁,生成台风6个,其中有2个在9月登陆我国。全球其他海域有20个编号的热带气旋生成。我国近海出现6次8级以上大风过程,其中热带气旋影响5次,江淮气旋入海影响1次。浪高超过2.0 m 的大浪过程发生12次。西北太平洋和南海海面温度较常年平均偏高,台风活动对海浪和海面温度分布影响显著。     

Flow of Canadian basin deep water in the Western Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean

The LOMROG 2007 expedition targeted the previously unexplored southern part of the Lomonosov Ridge north of Greenland together with a section from the Morris Jesup Rise to Gakkel Ridge. The oceanographic data show that Canadian Basin Deep Water (CBDW) passes the Lomonosov Ridge in the area of the Intra Basin close to the North Pole and then continues along the ridge towards Greenland and further along its northernmost continental slope. The CBDW is clearly evident as a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum at a depth of about 2000 m. The cross-slope sections at the Amundsen Basin side of the Lomonosov Ridge and further south at the Morris Jesup Rise show a sharp frontal structure higher up in the water column between Makarov Basin water and Amundsen Basin water. The frontal structure continues upward into the Atlantic Water up to a depth of about 300 m. The observed water mass division at levels well above the ridge crest indicates a strong topographic steering of the flow and that different water masses tend to pass the ridge guided by ridge-crossing isobaths at local topographic heights and depressions. A rough scaling analysis shows that the extremely steep and sharply turning bathymetry of the Morris Jesup Rise may force the boundary current to separate and generate deep eddies.