中西太平洋鲣渔场与温盐垂直结构关系的研究

根据我国某公司2009-2011年在中西太平洋海域鲣鱼围网生产数据和CATSAT系统渔场环境数据,采用K-S检验筛选出与渔获关系密切的环境变量,然后采用均值比较确定适宜的渔获环境范围。K-S检验认为,渔获量与0m、20m、30m、50m、75m、125m、150m、200m、250m、300m水温、温跃层深度、200m盐度等环境变量关系密切。选择中心渔场的适合环境因子及其范围为:0m水温29.9～31℃、20m水温30.1～31.4℃、30m水温30.3～31.3℃、50m水温30.1～31.7℃、75m水温29.8～31.7℃、150m水温22.8～27.1℃、200m水温15.3～21.8℃、250m水温12.5～15.4℃、300m水温9.6～11.7℃、温跃层深度71～140m、200盐度34.71～35.40。研究结果不仅可用于改进渔情预报工作,而且可直接用于指导渔业生产实践。     

Accumulation and Cycle of Heavy Metals in Sonneratia apetala and S. caseolaris Mangrove Community at Futian of Shenzhen, China

Wetland ecosystem in the Shenzhen Bay is one of the internationally important ecosystems in South China Region. Its core, with the Mai Po Mangrove Nature Reserve in Hong Kong on the one side and the Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen on the other side, provides habitats for many rare and endangered wild birds, especially for migratory birds[1, 2]. With the economic development in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, a large mount of silt and untreated waste water are poured into the Shenzhe…     

Seasonal variations of the deep-sea macrobenthos communities in the coastal and bathyal zones off sanriku,northeastern Japan

Seasonal variations of macrobenthos communities were analyzed over six years at two fixed stations at the depths of 500 m and 1,000 m in the bathyal zone off Sanriku, northeastern Japan, and were compared with those of the 80 m station established at the mouth of Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan. Significant seasonal variations of macrobenthos density were detected at the 80 m and 500 m stations. While the density increased in late spring and decreased until July at the 80 m station, it increased between May and August, and decreased in September at the 500 m station. At the 1,000 m station, no seasonal variation of macrobenthos abundance could be detected. The seasonal variations of the density observed at the 80 m and 500 m stations are probably related to that of the supply of organic materials derived from surface phytoplankton. Differences in the patterns of seasonal variations among the three stations may reflect the different periods of food supply to the sea floor. Significant seasonal variation in the feeding structure of the polychaete communities could be detected at the 80 m and 1,000 m stations.     

鲐鱼灯光围网渔船水上集鱼灯水中照度分布及优化配置的理论计算

采用叠加法照度计算模式,根据一组鲐鱼灯光围网渔船中3艘不同渔船的水上集鱼灯布置参数,使用自行开发的水上集鱼灯水下光场计算系统,对各船的水中照度分布进行了计算,获得船舷右侧中部水深方向200 m范围内不同深度的照度,并使用Surfer 8.0软件绘制等值曲线图,结果表明:主灯船在总功率为180 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在56 m左右,水深方向不超过20 m;离船水平距离40 m、垂直距离40 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。副灯船在总功率为120 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在46 m左右,水深方向不超过18 m;离船水平距离33 m、垂直距离38 m处的照度约为0.01 lx。网船在总功率为40 kW的情况下,10 lx的等照度曲线水平方向最远在45 m左右,水深方向不超过15 m;离船水平距离30 m、垂直距离35 m处的照度为0.01 lx左右。从集鱼灯的配置情况来看,主灯船、副灯船与网船目前的配置均较好,但主灯船在灯距增大到0.26 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加1.6%的有效水体体积,副灯船在灯距减少到0.28 m、灯高增大到5 m时可增加2.1%的有效水体体积,网船在灯距增大到0.64 m、灯高增大到9 m时可增加1.7%的有效水体体积。计算结果还表明,大幅度的增加光诱渔船的集鱼灯功率并不能很有效的提高该船的光诱范围。     

Chlorophyll a and primary production in the northeastern Pacific Ocean

The primary production and chlorophyll a concentration of picoplankton （0.2 - 2 μm） , nanoplankton （2 - 20μm） and micro- plankton （20 -200 μm） are described in the northeastern Pacific Ocean near the Hawaii Islands during the six survey cruises from 1996 to 2003：DY85-4, DY95-7, DY95-8, DY95-10, DY105-11 and DY105-12.14. The primary production of carbon was in range from 76.8 to 191.9 mg/（m^2 · d） with an average of 116.1 mg/（ m^2 · d） in the east region, and from 73.1 to 222.5 mg/（ m^2 · d） with an average of 127.1 mg/（ m^2 · d） in the west region, similar to the other oligotrophic regions of the Pacific Ocean investigated. The chlorophyll a concentration was about 0.1 mg/m^3 from the surface to the 50 m depth, about 0.2 -0.4 mg/m^3from 50 to 100 m, and gradually decreased below the 100 m depth. The picoplankton accounted for more than 70% of the total chlorophyll a in the upper layer （ surface to 125 m）, but it decreased to less than 50% in depth below 125 m. The nanoplankton and microplankton combined only accounted for less than 30% of the total chlorophyll a in the upper layer, but showed a more even vertical distribution.     

东寨港红树林区大型底栖动物生态与滩涂养殖容量的研究 I.潮间带表层底栖动物数量的初步研究

于2000年1-3月，对东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物进行调查，初步分析了东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物的生物量，密度等生态特点，研究结果表明，东寨港红树林区潮间带表层大型底栖动物平均生物量为120.38g/m^2，栖息密度为80.53个/m^2，以期为合理开发与保护东寨港红树林区底栖生物资源提供科学依据。     

浙江三门湾贝类分布特征

为探明三门湾贝类分布特征，于2002年6月至2003年5月4个季节在三门湾采集样品和分析，鉴定出贝类31种，年均生物量和年均密度为2．35g／m^2，41个／m^2，高生物量和高密度区主要分布于三门湾的湾顶区域（4．28g／m^2，70个／m^2），其它区域相对较低。贝类春季生物量和密度（3．55g／m^2，97个／m^2）〉夏季（2．88g／m^2，40个／m^2）〉秋季（2．18g／m^2，16个／m^2）〉冬季（0．85g／m^2，13个／m^2），贝类多样性指数（H’）为0．92～1．93、均匀度指数（J）为0．64～1。通过海流、底质等因子的分析，以及调查海区与浙江其它海湾及邻近列岛水域的比较认为：随春季水温回升，三门湾贝类进入繁衍旺季，故春季密度分布很高，但受捕食、海流搬运和自然死亡等因素影响，至秋冬季三门湾贝类密度则趋于明显回落。     

Design and calibration of an acoustic telemetry system subject to upwelling events

The experiments described were designed to calibrate a hexagonal array of VEMCO VR2 receivers and transmitters (model V9P-6L-S256) in isothermal and stratified water columns off the south coast of South Africa. The array, configured with 500 m between receivers, was designed to study the influence of water temperature and turbidity on the spawning behaviour of chokka squid Loligo reynaudii. Range tests comprised fixing a single VR2 receiver 2 m from the seabed and placing a V9P transmitter at distances of 0 m, 75 m, 150 m, 225 m, 300 m, 375 m, 450 m and 500 m from the receiver for periods of 10 minutes at each position under isothermal conditions and in the presence of a thermocline. The data indicated a range of 300 m for the former and 75 m for the latter conditions. The field performance of the V9P transmitter in a non-stratified water column compared well with the theoretical range of 352 m calculated using software to calculate range. System saturation was investigated by repeating the range test using four, eight and 14 transmitters simultaneously. Field data indicated a significant decrease in signal detections due to signal collisions when more than eight transmitters were active simultaneously. It was demonstrated that the hexagonal configuration of VR2s is optimal during isothermal conditions but inadequate during stratified conditions when acoustic dead zones of 350 m between VR2 receivers can occur.     

东北太平洋中国合同区的叶绿素a和初级生产力

根据东北太平洋中国合同区东区和西区从1994年至2003年6个航次(DY85-4,DY95-7,DY95-8,DY95-10,DY105-11和DY105-12.14)初级生产力调查资料编写.结果表明:次表层高值分布为叶绿素a分布的一般特征,从表层至水深50 m,数值为0.1 mg/m3左右,在水深50~100 m上下,数值约在0.2~0.4 mg/m3之间,在水深大于100 m,特别是150 m以深数值逐渐减小为零;东区初级生产力(C)测值在76.8~191.9 mg/(m2·d),平均为116.1 mg/(m2·d);西区的在73.1~222.5 mg/(m2·d),平均为127.1 mg/(m2·d);在水深0~125 m,0.2~2μm颗粒的微微型浮游植物的叶绿素a比例占叶绿素a总量的70%以上,而在水深125 m以深,占50%以下;反之,2~20μm和大于20μm两种粒级所占比例的和在0~125 m深度范围占30%以下,在水深125m以深时为50%以上.调查显示东、西两区属于初级生产力比较低的海域.     

滨海电厂增温对浮游动物群落粒径结构及采样网目选择的影响

Zooplankton samples were collected using 505, 160 and 77 μm mesh nets around a power plant during four seasons in 2011. We measured total length of zooplankton and divided zooplankton into seven size classes in order to explore how zooplankton community size-structure might be altered by thermal discharge from power plant. The total length of zooplankton varied from 93.7 to 40 074.7 μm. The spatial distribution of mesozooplankton(200-2 000 μm) populations were rarely affected by thermal discharge, while macro-(2 000-10 000 μm)and megalo-zooplankton(10 000 μm) had an obvious tendency to migrate away from the outfall of power plant.Thus, zooplankton community tended to become smaller and biodiversity reduced close to power plant.Moreover, we compared the zooplankton communities in three different mesh size nets. Species richness,abundance, evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the 505 μm mesh size were significantly lower than those recorded from the 160 and 77 μm mesh size. Average zooplankton abundance was highest in the 77 μm mesh net((27 690.0±1 633.7) ind./m~3), followed by 160 μm mesh net((9 531.1±1 079.5) ind./m~3), and lowest in 505 μm mesh net((494.4±104.7) ind./m~3). The ANOSIM and SIMPER tests confirmed that these differences were mainly due to small zooplankton and early developmental stages of zooplankton. It is the first time to use the 77 μm mesh net to sample zooplankton in such an environment. The 77 μm mesh net had the overwhelming abundance of the copepod genus Oithona, as an order of magnitude greater than recorded for 160 μm mesh net and 100% loss through the 505 μm mesh net. These results indicate that the use of a small or even multiple sampling net is necessary to accurately quantify entire zooplankton community around coastal power plant.     

南黄海和东海表层水两种粒级颗粒物和颗粒氮含量的分布特征

测定了南黄海和东海表层水0.7~53.0μm和〉53.0μm这2种悬浮颗粒物（SPM）、颗粒氮（PN）的含量.其结果表明,南黄海和东海表层水0.7~53.0μm粒级的SPM、PN平均含量分别为4.68 mg/dm3、18.50μg/dm3;而〉53.0μm粒级的SPM、PN平均含量分别为0.20 mg/dm3、2.65μg/dm3.0.7~53.0μm和〉53.0μm粒级的PN/SPM含量平均比值分别为0.78%、1.41%（m/m）,后者约是前者的2倍.统计分析结果表明,尽管这2种粒级的SPM、PN含量和PN/SPM含量比值的范围较大,但约80%的数据集中在较小范围内,即0.7~53.0μm和〉53.0μm粒级SPM含量分别集中在0.37~3.68、0.02~0.29 mg/dm3的范围内;0.7~53.0μm和〉53.0μm粒级PN含量分别集中在2.54~18.90、0.40~2.69μg/dm3的范围内;0.7~53.0μm和〉53.0μm粒级的PN/SPM含量比值分别集中在0.14%~1.00%和0.15%~1.95%之间.研究结果表明,研究海域0.7~53.0μm粒级SPM、PN含量有2个高值区,分别位于近岸海区和东海东北部海区.〉53.0μm粒级SPM、PN含量的分布分为2个部分：南黄海表层水SPM、PN含量分布呈从近岸向外海降低的趋势;而东海表层水SPM、PN含量分布呈断面中间高,并分别向近岸和外海降低的趋势.     

渤海中南部春秋季浮游动物群落结构

1950年以前有关报道渤海浮游动物的文献很少。1958~1959年的全国海洋普查取得了大量的浮游动物资料(中华人民共和国科学技术委员会海洋组海洋综合调查办公室编，1964)。1982~1984年，在一年多的时间里，先后进行了每月一次的浮游动物调查(白雪娥等，1991)。1984年8月，11月和1985年2月，5月，有4个季度的浮游动物调查(孟凡等，1993)。除此之外，一些专家就渤海部分海区的浮游动物进行了研究(肖贻昌，1988；钟贻诚等，1984)。作为“渤海生态系统动力学和生物资源持续利用”研究的一部分，本文报道1998年秋季和1999年春季渤海浮游动物群落的调查结果，为渤海生态系统研究积累资料。     

福建海水养殖鱼类寄生贝尼登虫病原学研究

本文对寄生于厦门内海域网箱养殖鱼类－大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea)和高体师（Seriola dumerili)等名贵经济鱼类体表的单殖类吸虫－梅氏新贝尼登虫（Neobenedenia melleni)的形态进行观察描述，并附筒图。就福建沿海当前流行感染情况及国内外研究概况亦进行了简要介绍。     

基于完整目录数据的全球海啸时空分异研究

海啸是自然灾害中对人类生命财产安全有严重威胁的灾难之一。随着全球气候变化和全球化贸易日益增强,越来越多的人口和经济暴露于海啸灾害。历史海啸灾害的时空分异分析可以帮助我们认识海啸灾害的演变规律,为灾害预警、灾害防控等提供有益参考。本文通过提取具有完整性和同质性的数据（爬高高度（RH））进行全球海啸的时空分异规律研究,结果表明:（1）对于0.1 m≤RH<0.5 m、0.5 m≤RH<1 m、1 m≤RH<5 m、5 m≤RH<10 m、10 m≤RH<20 m和20 m≤RH的间隔,海啸目录分别自1963年、1940年、1950年、1946年、1922年和1885年以来可以被认为是完整的;（2）全球海啸发生有一定的增加趋势,大约每年会多观测到7次波浪爬高事件。在0.1 m≤RH<5 m区间内,海啸发生呈现一定的周期性。当RH大于5 m时,表现出明显的增加趋势;（3）西北太平洋区域、南太平洋区域、东南太平洋区域、印度洋区域海啸发生有一定的增加趋势,而在北美区域则呈减少趋势,东北大西洋区域无显著变化;（4）除北美区域外,其他区域的海啸发生遵循一定的自组织临界行为,相比来说,东北大西洋区域更容易发生小的海啸事件,而西北太平洋区域和印度洋区域更容易发生各种强度的海啸事件。     

三种贝类的核型分析

采用体内注射PHA和秋水仙素的方法,利用成体的鳃组织,对毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、长竹蛏(Solen strictus)和菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarus)的核型进行了研究.结果表明毛蚶的2倍体数目为2n=38,核型为18m+16sm+2st+2t,NF=72.长竹蛏的2倍体数目为2n=38,核型为30m+6sm+2t,NF=74.菲律宾蛤仔的2倍体数目为2n=38,核型为28m+10sm,NF=76.     

Some enigmatic depressions of the Arguello slope,California

Two sets of channel-like depressions occur on the upper continental slope between Point Arguello and Point Conception, California. The shallowest features are 150 m wide, 500+ m long, with a maximum negative relief of 10 m, and trend downslope between water depths of 120 to 300 m. They have a periodic spacing of about 1.7 km. The deeper depressions are 60 to 200 m wide, 500+ m long downslope, negative relief of 1 to 10 m, and in the depth range from 200 to 500 m. They occur at spacings of 0.5 to 1 km. Side-scan data reveal outcrops of resistant material within the depressions. Evidence for erosion of surficial material is present in box core data; bottom photographs show ripples within one channel. Some mechanisms of formation, including bioerosion, current scour, and liquefaction, are discussed.     

长江河口南港采砂对河床稳定性的影响

利用多波束测深及数字高程模型技术发现:南港主槽有若干长50～100m,深3～5m的采砂坑;瑞丰沙体南侧存在高0.5～1.2m,长约1800m的两级陡坎,陡坎下有长1850m、宽400m、体积124.5万立方米的滑坡体.近8年来,瑞丰沙冲刷减少3724万立方米.采砂坑、陡坎与滑坡体形成的主要受采砂及其引起的瑞丰沙顶部水沙...     

基于SPOT6遥感影像的滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的反演研究

本文以SPOT6 高空间分辨率遥感影像为数据源,通过植被覆盖度和地上生物量两个参数进行滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的估算研究。结果表明,三沙湾滩涂湿地互花米草植株高度平均值为2.04 m,以1~2 m和2~3 m植株为主要分布高度,分布面积分别为6.83 km2和10.31 km2,占研究区互花米草总面积的33.83%和51.06%,小于1 m和大于3 m的互花米草仅占9.26%和5.84%。估算值与真实值之间的均方根误差为0.204,绝对误差为0.04~0.37 m。该方法是对高空间分辨率光学影像应用研究的重要尝试,其反演方法具有较好的可行性,可较为准确的获取滩涂湿地植株高度信息。     

基于梯度提升决策树模型的Sentinel-1图像浅海水深反演

利用合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)反演浅海水深在海洋遥感中极具挑战性。本文采用梯度提升决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, GBDT)为核心的机器学习算法, 使用Sentinel-1、全球水深数据、风场和流场数据来反演杭州湾和长江口南缘相连的浅海区域的水深。首先分析反演的最佳风速和迭代次数, 再对0~10 m、10~20 m、20~30 m、30~40 m、40~50 m的分段水深和0~10 m、0~20 m、0~30 m、0~40 m、0~50 m的总体水深用相关系数、均方根误差和平均绝对误差进行精度评价, 最后分析反演水深的空间分布特征。结果表明: 反演的最佳风速约为3.78 m/s, 并且GBDT模型达到最佳精度时的迭代次数远小于其他模型, 最佳迭代次数为4。分段水深中, 40 m以内的相关系数都高于0.8, 其中以10~20 m的相关系数最高, 为0.9; 40~50 m则最低, 为0.73。40~50 m的平均绝对误差和均方根误差均为最大, 分别为1.89 m和2.24 m, 20~30 m的平均绝对误差和均方根误差均为最小, 分别为0.75 m和0.96 m。在总体水深中, 虽然随水深区间的扩大, 相关系数会逐渐增加, 但是平均绝对误差和均方根误差的精度都随水深区间的扩大而下降, 且在0~50 m区间内的平均绝对误差和均方根误差最大, 分别为1.06 m和1.59 m, 因此反演的最佳区间为0~40 m。该区域的水深从杭州湾海岸线开始由浅及深阶梯增加, 反演结果能够较好的表现研究区内的实际水深分布情况, 比较符合当前区域的水下地形特征。     

Observed characteristics of flow,water mass,and turbulent mixing in the Preparis Channel

Preparis Channel is the very important exchange path of energy and materials between the northern Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea(AS). A set of hydrographic measurements, a microstructure profiler, and a deep mooring were used to determine the characteristics of water masses, turbulent mixing, and flows in the Preparis Channel. The unprecedented short-term mooring data reveal that a deep current in the deep narrow passage(below 400 m) of the Preparis Channel flows toward the Bay of Bengal(BoB) wit...