河南夏季干旱气候特征分析

利用1961-2010年河南省103站降水量数据,并结合综合气象干旱指数（CI）,分析河南省夏季干旱的时空分布特征,及副高、厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜与河南夏季干旱的关系。研究表明：1）初夏和盛夏降水量都有上升趋势,上升率分别为6．065mm／10a和7．505mm／10a,初夏旱和初夏重旱出现的概率分别为44％和22％,伏旱和伏旱重旱出现的概率分别为20％和0。2）1961--2010年,河南6个分区初夏降水量都呈增加趋势,初夏干旱日数6个区域都呈减少趋势;盛夏降水量除豫北呈减少趋势外,其他5个区域都呈增加趋势,干旱日数6个区域都呈减少趋势。3）河南初夏旱年和伏旱年高纬度冷空气活动少且不易到达河南,副高偏弱。4）7月副高异常偏西时,河南盛夏一般降水偏多;从降水距平百分率上来看,拉尼娜次年初夏干旱的几率较大。     

三门峡一次冰雹天气多普勒雷达资料分析

利用1961-2010年河南省103站降水量数据,并结合综合气象干旱指数（CI）,分析河南省夏季干旱的时空分布特征,及副高、厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜与河南夏季干旱的关系。研究表明：1）初夏和盛夏降水量都有上升趋势,上升率分别为6.065mm/10 a和7.505mm/10 a,初夏旱和初夏重旱出现的概率分别为44%和22%,伏旱和伏旱重旱出现的概率分别为20%和零。2）1961-2010年,河南6个分区初夏降水量都呈增加趋势,初夏干旱日数6个区域都呈减少趋势;盛夏降水量除豫北呈减少趋势外,其他5个区域都呈增加趋势,干旱日数6个区域都呈减少趋势。3）河南初夏旱年和伏旱年高纬度冷空气活动少且不易到达河南,副高偏弱。4）7月副高异常偏西时,河南盛夏一般降水偏多;从降水距平百分率上来看,拉尼娜次年初夏干旱的几率较大。     

白银市春末夏初旱最优子集回归预测模型

白银市地处甘肃省中部 ,包括景泰、白银、靖远、平川、会宁三县两区 ,受青藏高原边缘下沉气流和副热带环流的影响 ,气候以干旱为主。文中分析了影响春末夏初旱的大气环流 ,海温等因子 ,并用最优子集回归方法建立了干旱指数的预测模型。1　预测因子选取1 .1　选取白银市 (景泰、白银、靖远、会宁 ) 4站 5月中旬至 6月中旬的降水量、有效降水日数、最长旱段三个要素计算各站 1 95 7～1 998年 41年逐年的春末夏初干旱指数 ,用ＥＯＦ和聚类分析方法将白银市春末夏初的气候分为北片 (景泰、白银、靖远 )和南片 (会宁 )。因子场 :北半球 5 0 0ｈＰ…     

黔东南夏季旱涝指数及干旱气候特征分析

用当前降水和蒸发因子以及前期降水因子定义了黔东南夏季旱涝指数,用此指数计算了黔东南1971~2000年的夏旱指数,同时对各年的夏季旱涝进行了定级,检验证明,此指标对黔东南夏季旱涝等级的划分比日常业务中使用的降水百分率对黔东南夏季旱涝的等级划分更符合实际情况。讨论了黔东南夏季干旱的时空变化特征,得出结论:①夏季干旱主要出现在7~8月,6月干旱较轻,7月重旱出现的概率最大,8月次之;②20世纪70年代干旱主要出现在7月,80年代整个夏季均少雨干旱,以中等以上干旱为主,90年代降水较多,没有重旱出现;③黔东南州的夏季干旱,东南部出现的概率最大,西北部最小;但7月干旱多出现在东北部地区,8月的干旱西北部和东南部多于西南部和东北部。     

仁寿县干旱与南海高压的统计分析

通过３４年资料统计分析，阐明仁寿县干旱特征，分析了南海高压与干旱程度的关系，提出初夏重旱的判别方法和开始日期的判别。     

基于信息分配理论的云南干旱风险评估

建立以Thornthwaite干燥度指数为主、自定义的有效降水指数为辅的干旱综合指数,用1959-2005年云南省125个气象站资料,分5个时段基于模糊信息分配理论和超越极限概率原理,对云南干旱风险进行评估.结果表明:云南省每年1-3月出现干旱灾害的风险最大,大部分地区干旱概率为60%～100%、重旱概率为20%～60%(部分地区甚至达90%);11-12月干旱风险次之,大部分地区干旱概率为30%～60%、重旱概率为20%～60%;6-8月云南省基本上没有出现干旱的风险;9-10月全省各地干旱概率小于5%,重旱的风险基本没有;4-6月上旬约一半的地区干旱概率为10%～20%、有29%的地区为20%～40%、有21%的地区为40%～80%,重旱的风险小于5%.     

近50a云南红河州气象干旱气候特征分析

该文利用红河州12个气象观测站1963-2012年逐月降水资料,应用标准化降水指数（SPI）分析全州气象干旱变化特征,结果表明：北部多年平均气象干旱强度最强、干旱发生频率最高,中部和西部次之,南部干旱强度相对较弱但夏季出现干旱的频率较中部和北部高;轻旱出现的次数增加时中旱和重旱出现的频率就会降低,反之中旱和重旱出现的频率就会升高;局域性干旱多发时区域性干旱和全州性干旱出现的频率就会降低,反之区域性干旱和全州性干旱出现的次数就会增多;2000年以后干旱发生次数和干旱强度迅速增加、增强,每10 a中春、夏、秋、冬四季之内轻旱约出现19～20次、中旱约出现5～6次、重旱出现约1～2次、特旱极少出现,局域性干旱出现12～13次、区域性干旱出现8～9次,全州性干旱出现5～6次.     

基于SPEI的1961—2015年淮北地区干旱时空分布特征

基于标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）,利用淮北地区108个气象站逐月气温、降水观测资料,采用线性趋势、M K突变检验等方法,从不同时间尺度（年、季）和干旱程度（轻旱、中旱、重旱和特旱）分析了淮北地区1961—2015年干旱频率和时空变化特征。结果表明：淮北地区1961—2015年总体呈干旱略加强趋势,其中1998—2001年干旱发生最频繁,干旱强度、极端干旱及中等干旱的频次均呈增加趋势。2011年淮北地区干旱程度发生了突变性增强;20世纪90年代起淮北地区夏季经历了先湿后干的转变,2013年是夏季转向干旱化的突变点。秋冬两季是淮北地区发生干旱频率较高的季节。秋季干旱分布广、旱情最为严重,淮北地区北部是秋季干旱的高发区;冬季发生中旱以上干旱的地区分布较广,主要位于淮北地区内的安徽片西部和江苏片中部。春夏季发生高频率干旱的区域相对较小。     

中国西南和华南地区秋季干旱变化规律

利用我国西南和华南地区131个测站1961~2010年近50 a降水和NECP资料,采用线性趋势分析、合成分析、功率谱分析等方法,基于秋季降水距平百分率,研究分析了近50 a我国西南和华南地区各级别秋旱的空间分布及时间变化特征,并初步讨论了各级别干旱形成的原因。结果表明：秋季干旱集中在川东、贵州中东部—华南,中旱、重旱、特旱主要出现在华南;近50 a来秋旱有显著增多的趋势,主要体现在轻旱的增多,而重旱和特旱趋势不明显。1960年代秋旱相对较多,1970年代初至1980年代后期秋旱较少,此后秋旱频繁,其中2002年以后秋旱突变性增多,干旱范围扩大的同时,其强度也在增强;秋旱频率具有显著的2.2 a周期,其中重旱有显著的12 a周期,特旱有显著的2.7 a周期;秋旱频率高的地方连旱频率也高,连旱高频区在川东—渝北、黔中—华南,连续5 a以上的秋旱较少,个别地方可达到6 a。700 h Pa上,西太平洋副热带高压、印缅槽、高原东部槽等是影响西南、华南地区秋季干湿的主要环流因子。     

汉中干旱时空分布特征分析

基于1971—2015年汉中11个县区地面气象观测站逐日降水观测资料,以降水距平百分率为干旱划分标准,采用干旱频率、干旱站次比和干旱强度三个指标,分析了汉中地区年尺度和季尺度干旱时空变化特征。结果表明:汉中地区年尺度干旱频率东南部低,西北部高,并从东南部向西北部递增;季节尺度来看,各季干旱频率分布差异明显。年尺度干旱强度从1996年开始有较弱增强趋势,而干旱站次比有明显降低趋势,汉中地区干旱朝着小区域性中旱发展;季尺度干旱特征为春季和夏季干旱站次比有增加趋势,秋季和冬季有减少趋势,春季和夏季干旱范围逐渐扩大,秋季和冬季干旱范围逐渐减少;春季、夏季和秋季干旱强度基本为轻旱,冬季多为中旱,有时能达到重旱。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.