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1.
研究Ⅰ型花岗岩中再循环晶的成分和结构特征,对揭示岩浆系统的形成和演化历史以及壳源和幔源岩浆的相互作用具有重要的意义。本文以西秦岭北西段三叠纪过马营复式岩体内的不同造岩矿物为主要研究对象,通过对具有不同结构特征的斜长石\"粗晶\"和黑云母展开电子探针(EMPA)、LA-ICP-MS微量元素面扫描、原位Sr同位素分析,来探讨含高An斜长石的成因,示踪不同岩浆房端员的属性,约束岩浆演化过程并建立多级岩浆房模型。过马营复式岩体的岩性分为偏铝质花岗岩类和过铝质花岗闪长岩类,两类岩性中均存在An值呈突变的筛状结构斜长石,即高An(72~85)区与低An(20~55)区在同一颗粒中并存,其对应主、微量元素也存在截然变化。与低An区相比,高An区具有高Fe、Mg,高Ba的特征。高钙区斜长石可进一步分为两类,第1类高钙区斜长石(An80-85),和第2类高钙区斜长石(An72-78)。第1类高钙区比第2类高钙斜长石区具有更高的Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、Ba含量。本研究中斜长石晶体存在核高An-边低An与核低An-幔高An-边低An两种不同类型的环带结构,表明其各自的生长过程有所不同。高An区与低An区之间An值跳跃式的变化与对应主、微量元素Fe、Mg、Sr、Ba含量特征均指示斜长石成分差异并非晶内扩散、动力学作用以及物理条件的变化造成的,更可能形成于开放的岩浆系统。本文认为斜长石粗晶为再循环晶,其内部的高An区形成于深部富H2O玄武质岩浆,低An区形成于浅部酸性岩浆房(偏铝质与过铝质)。两种不同高钙区斜长石及其对应的主、微量元素差异指示它们很可能结晶于两批次不同的玄武质岩浆,其中第1类高钙区斜长石的母岩浆相对更富Fe、Mg、Ba。两种玄武质岩浆携带高An斜长石沿岩浆通道向上运移,上升过程熔蚀先前结晶的高An斜长石,将其带入浅部酸性岩浆房后与内部花岗质/花岗闪长质岩浆发生混合。混合之后的岩浆沿高An斜长石残晶边部继续结晶生长,同时高温玄武质岩浆的注入导致浅部岩浆房已结晶的低An斜长石被熔蚀形成筛状结构,随后玄武质岩浆、混合后岩浆依次沿其边部继续生长。我们认为两批次的玄武质岩浆体积较小并未对浅部酸性岩浆房成分造成大的影响。 相似文献
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斜长石是岩浆岩中最常见的造岩矿物之一,受其产出的岩石类型及形成过程中的物理化学条件影响,斑晶斜长石可以发育多种环带结构,其环带成分和结构模式已被广泛应用于研究岩浆演化、反演岩浆混合作用等方面。文章将斑晶斜长石环带结构类型分为简单型环带结构、韵律型环带结构和熔蚀型环带结构三类;将熔蚀型环带结构又分为晶体内部熔蚀结构和层间晶面熔蚀结构2个亚类,绘制了晶体内部熔蚀结构中核部不同熔蚀结构、层间晶面熔蚀结构中核部边缘不同形态的素描图。归纳总结了不同类型斜长石环带结构的成因及研究进展,认为研究斑晶斜长石环带结构及核部、幔部和边部特征,对理解岩浆作用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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新疆尾亚地区石英二长闪长岩的岩浆混合成因 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
新疆东天山的尾亚钒钛磁铁矿矿区,在花岗岩中含有大量闪长岩包体,而且花岗岩与闪长岩相互包裹、渗透,并在花岗岩与闪长岩接触带形成二者混合的产物--岩浆混合岩.通过野外特征、岩相学和矿物成分对比,发现矿区中部的石英二长闪长(斑)岩体与岩浆混合岩完全相同,表明该岩体系岩浆混合成因.各类参与岩浆混合作用岩石的岩相学和矿物学表现出典型的岩浆混合作用特征.矿物不平衡组构主要有:钾长石的更长环斑结构、斑晶的环边结构、针状磷灰石发育、暗色矿物的聚晶团块、岩浆混合岩中出现钾长石“变晶”等等.各类岩石中斜长石和角闪石的主要氧化物成分对SiO2(%)表现出类似全岩哈克图解的线性关系.主要造岩矿物的化学成分以及钾长石巨晶的化学成分剖面,反映出本区岩浆混合作用有化学混合的参与.黑云母的化学成分表明,本区岩浆混合为以壳慢混源为基础的混合作用. 相似文献
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库什库都克石英闪长岩位于新疆西准噶尔的达尔布特晚古生代中酸性岩浆岩带中。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定
年,结合锆石阴极发光图像和U、Th元素特征,获得石英闪长岩的年龄为305.3±2.8 Ma(n=19,MSWD=0.17),时代属晚石
炭世晚期(C2)。石英闪长岩呈半自形不等粒结构,块状构造,矿物成分主要为斜长石、石英、角闪石和黑云母等,局部发
育含柱状辉石的石英辉长闪长岩。岩石的SiO2含量为59.38%~63.37%,全碱变化于6.55%~7.51%;里特曼指数( σ )变化于
2.62~2.88,铝饱和指数(A/CNK值)介于0.83~0.90,为准铝质;岩石轻稀土富集且轻重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N 为2.99~
3.66,负Eu异常(δEu为0.64~0.79);岩石相对富集Ba、Nd、Zr、K和LREE等元素,而相对亏损Rb、Nb、Th、Sr、P、Ti
和HREE等元素,属高钾钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩类岩石。石英闪长岩地球化学特征表明其为上地壳变质玄武岩熔融的产
物,在岩浆演化过程中发生了以斜长石、辉石、金红石和磷灰石为主的分离结晶作用,而角闪石基本未发生分离结晶。区
域构造环境演化分析认为西准噶尔不仅在晚石炭世早期存在与俯冲作用相关的岛弧花岗岩,在晚石炭世晚期-早二叠世早
期也存在持续俯冲作用,在此环境下形成了与俯冲作用相关的岛弧型库什库都克石英闪长岩。 相似文献
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西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希地区广泛发育富镁闪长质小岩体和岩墙。对岩墙全岩样品的Ar-Ar测年获得了292±3Ma的坪年龄,显示其主要形成于早二叠世。这些小岩体和岩墙均为钙碱性系列岩石,具有宽的SiO2(51.9%~62.6%)、高的MgO(Mg#>60)、Cr(45.8×10-6~539×10-6)、Ni(17.2×10-6~197×10-6)含量,富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)(如 K、Rb、Ba、Th和U)、亏损高强场元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti),富集LREE,亏损HREE。这些特征类似于日本中新世Setouchi火山岩带中的赞岐岩。这些岩体/岩墙很可能是在俯冲过程中,经洋壳板片的脱水形成流体与地幔橄榄岩相互作用而成。这表明,西准噶尔别鲁阿嘎希地区早二叠世为岛弧环境。而富镁闪长岩的形成过程也有利于铜-金矿床的形成,显示该区有良好的成矿远景。 相似文献
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在南太行山平顺闪长岩体中偶见具有特殊环带结构的斜长石,其核部为钙含量高的基性斜长石(An>63),幔部为富钠的斜长石,二者之间存在由绢云母和绿帘石组成的溶蚀带,且核、幔An值变化截然不同。根据斜长石的环带构造特征和成分分析,认为本区岩浆混合过程大致如下:起源于EMI型富集地幔的幔源岩浆底侵作用于下地壳,在高温下结晶出钙含量高的基性斜长石,且所携带的热使下地壳开始熔融形成壳源岩浆;壳、幔两种岩浆沿着太行山深大断裂快速上升侵位于地壳浅部,发生岩浆混合;与此同时,早期形成的基性斜长石由于压力突然减小发生溶蚀,形成形态不规则的溶蚀带;壳幔混合岩浆在基性斜长石基础上结晶生长富钠斜长石,形成具有特殊环带结构的斜长石。这为研究区内存在岩浆混合作用提供了最直接的证据。 相似文献
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西准噶尔地区广泛发育古生代中酸性侵入岩,部分岩体中含有暗色微粒包体,这些岩浆岩的年代学、地球化学研究对于西准噶尔地区的岩浆混合作用机制及其区域构造演化的研究具有重要意义。乌散岩体位于西准噶尔中部,岩体包含寄主岩石石英二长岩及暗色包体石英角闪二长岩。石英二长岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb谐和年龄为280.0±3.8Ma,表明其成岩时代应为早二叠世。里特曼指数δ为3.27~3.36,寄主岩石属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石中Rb、Th、K、La、Ce、P、Zr、Hf相对富集,Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti相对亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏明显。在Y+Nb-Rb、Y-Nb构造环境判别图解中,乌散岩体石英二长岩落入板内花岗岩投点范围内,显示具有后碰撞花岗岩的特征。由于该岩体成岩年龄明显晚于该地区蛇绿岩、岛弧火山岩以及含矿斑岩体年龄,而与后碰撞伸展环境中形成的A型花岗岩和双峰式火山岩的形成年龄相近,证明此时该地区大洋可能已经闭合,因此地球化学和区域构造特征指示乌散岩体可能形成于后碰撞构造环境。乌散岩体中暗色微粒包体广泛发育,寄主岩石与包体相互包裹,多为截然接触关系。钾长石斑晶横跨寄主岩石及包体,包体中发育的针状磷灰石,表现出岩浆混合的岩相学特征,寄主岩石与包体中不同矿物的SiO_2含量与其他主量元素含量呈良好的线性关系,表现出较好的亲缘关系,说明两者的矿物成分变化与岩浆混合有关。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The Armantai and Kalamaili oceans were both important branches of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean between the Altai microcontinent and the Junggar juvenile crust; however, their geological evolution is not completely clear. This paper reports detailed petrological, zircon geochronological, whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for a newly discovered gabbro-diorite suite (Akputo pluton) in East Junggar to constrain this issue. Quartz diorite and hornblende gabbro yield intrusion 206Pb/238U ages of ca. 444–440 Ma, which indicates that mafic-intermediate magmatism occurred in the earliest Silurian. The gabbroic-dioritic rocks have tholeiite to calc-alkaline affinities and are characterised by moderately fractionated rare earth element patterns with flat heavy rare earth elements, enrichment in Rb, Ba, K, Sr, and depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti. Low initial Sr and Pb isotopic compositions and positive εNd(t) indicate a derivation from the isotopically depleted mantle sources. The geochemical compositions and melting calculations suggest that the gabbro-diorite suite originated from partial melting of spinel-bearing mantle sources that had been metasomatised by subduction-derived fluids and sediments. The Akputo intrusions formed in an arc setting related to the southward subduction of the Armantai Ocean. Taking the regional angular unconformity between the Ordovician sediments and Silurian volcanics into account, we further suggest that the Early to Middle Silurian was a transition period of the closure of Armantai Ocean and the initial spreading of Kalamaili Ocean. 相似文献
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西准噶尔中志留统和下泥盆统四射珊瑚新种 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
描述了产自新疆西准噶尔萨勒布尔山中志留统沙尔布尔组的孔壁珊瑚(Calostylis)几个新种CalostylisXinjangensis(sp.nov.),C.sharburensis(sp.nov.),C.mangkeluensis(sp.nov.),C.sp.A和下泥盆统的Amplexoidesmalasuensis(sp.nov.),Orthopaterophyllumkazachstanicum,Syringaxonsiluriense,S.mangkeluense(sp.nov.)等。与孔壁珊瑚(Calostylis)共生的还有四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚、腕足类及三叶虫,它们产在黄褐、褐、灰绿及紫红色凝灰粉砂岩夹灰岩凸镜体及硅化、大理岩化灰岩中。 相似文献
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Magma Replenishment as Revealed by Textural and Geochemical Features of Plagioclase Phenocrysts in Subduction-Related Lavas
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Various petrographic features and geochemical characteristics indicative of disequilibrium are preserved in plagioclase phenocrysts from basaltic to andesitic lavas in East Junggar, northwest China. These characteristics indicate that they crystallized in a magma chamber, which was replenished by less differentiated and high-temperature magmas. The petrographic and geochemical features of the plagioclase phenocrysts are interpreted to record responses to changes in temperature, composition and mechanical effect during magma replenishment. Distinct rare earth element(REE) patterns between cores and rims of the same plagioclase crystal suggest derivation from two end-member magmas. From core to rim, plagioclase phenocrysts commonly display sharp fluctuations of anorthite(An) content up to 20, which either correspond to reverse zoning associated with ovoidal cores and resorption surface(PI), or normal zoning with euhedral form and no resorption surface(P2). Plagioclase crystals with diverse textures and remarkably different An content coexist on the scale of a thin-section. Cores of these plagioclases in each sample display a bimodal distribution of An content. From core to rim in PI, concentrations o f FeOT and Sr increase remarkably as An content increases. During magma replenishment, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the andesitic magma, which were immersed into hotter and less differentiated magmas, were heated and resorbed to form ovoidal cores, and then were overgrown by a thin rim with much higher contents of An, FeO~T and Sr. However, pre-existing plagioclase phenocrysts in the basaltic magma were injected into cooler and more evolved magmas, and were remained as euhedral cores, which were later enclosed by oscillatory zoned rims with much lower contents of An, Sr and Ba. 相似文献
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西太平洋典型边缘海盆的岩浆活动 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在发育有全球最大、最复杂的弧—沟—盆体系的西太平洋地区,集中了全球75%左右的边缘海盆(弧后盆地).根据磁异常条带年龄,这些边缘海盆可粗略分为3个扩张幕.主要根据DS-DP,ODP和IODP计划实施以来所获得的成果,结合其他海洋调查航次研究成果,系统阐述了分属3个扩张幕的西菲律宾海盆(第一扩张幕)、南海—四国海盆(第二扩张幕)和冲绳海槽(第三扩张幕)—马里亚纳海槽内的岩浆活动特点.西菲律宾海盆(扩张时代为65~35 Ma BP)从原先的赤道位置迁移至现今的位置,其内存在如似正常洋中脊玄武岩(NMORB)、洋岛玄武岩(OIB)及弧火山岩等多种岩石类型,其地球动力学背景分别与弧后扩张、地幔柱及火山弧等背景有关,其复杂的构造演化样式需要进一步研究;四国海盆(扩张时代为27 ~ 15 Ma BP)是由古伊豆—小笠原—马里亚纳弧(IBM)裂解形成的,其内除发育正常(N)—富集(E)的洋中脊玄武岩(NMORB-EMORB)外,还在扩张停止的同时出现了板内火山作用,形成了中K-超K碱性玄武岩.四国海盆的扩张模式并没有从岩石学和地质年代学角度进行明确制约,板内火山作用的地球动力学背景也不甚清楚.南海(扩张时代为32~15.5 MaBP)是由来自华南地块的一些微陆块向东南裂离后的海底扩张所形成,并在海底扩张后2 ~8 Ma出现板内火山作用,截止目前,并没有获取到洋壳基底样品,主要获取到了南海海山似OIB的玄武岩,未来需要从岩石学和地质年代学角度对南海海底扩张动力学和时代以及扩张期后的板内火山作用动力学背景进行进一步制约.马里亚纳海槽(扩张时代为5 Ma BP至今)为一年青的洋内弧后盆地,其北段处于裂解增进阶段,其内出露有似MORB(中南段)及介于似MORB与似岛弧岩石之间过渡类型的玄武岩(增进端);虽然在扩张时代上与马里亚纳海槽相当,但冲绳海槽(扩张时代为4 Ma BP至今)为一陆缘、初生弧后盆地,从西南往东北方向,不同区段处于不同的伸展发育阶段,西南段出露有似MORB岩石,中段岩石主要为玄武质岩石和流纹质岩石组成双峰组合,而东北段为中酸性火山岩.正在活动的马里亚纳海槽与冲绳海槽的岩浆作用研究应和其伴随的火山岛弧及其相邻的海沟处正在俯冲的洋壳板块结合起来,完整理解板块俯冲输入(subduction input)与弧及弧后输出(volcanic output)之间的关系,这将为揭示西太平洋地区构造演化提供重要证据.即将在西太平洋地区实施的IODP 349 ~ 352航次,为我国科学家提供了研究西太平洋地区构造演化的契机. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe Circum–Balkhash–Junggar area, including mostly Kazakhstan, NW China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia, occupies an important tectonic position of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) (Figure 1). Tectonically, this vast area records the complicated geodynamic processes, among which the most prominent stages are the formation of the U-shaped Kazakhstan Orocline and its interactions with adjacent Altai (Altay), Junggar (West Junggar, Junggar Basin, and East Junggar), and Tianshan orogenic collages in the Palaeozoic, bearing large-scale mineral deposits. The formation of the Late Palaeozoic mineral deposits is related to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs in the region. However, the link between the metallogeny and the evolution of the volcano-magmatic arcs is not well understood and existing geodynamic models have not explained satisfactorily the mechanism of the huge metallogenic belt. Therefore, this special issue focuses on the formation of the Late Palaeozoic porphyry Cu deposits and their link to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs with emphasis on comparative studies across the international borders. 相似文献
16.
Dayu Zhang Feng Yuan Noel White Pete Hollings Wenjiao Xiao 《International Geology Review》2017,59(9):1082-1096
ABSTRACTThe Dayinsu area is located in the northern part of the West Junggar district near the border between China and Kazakhstan and is an important component of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The Dayinsu area hosts numerous granitoid plutons in Devonian–Carboniferous volcano–sedimentary strata. The older Laodayinsu and Kubei (345–330 Ma) plutons are located in the west with the younger Bayimuzha and Qianfeng (330–325 Ma) plutons in the east. The whole-rock SiO2 contents of the four granitoid plutons range from 52.22 to 68.42 wt.% and total alkaline contents (K2O + Na2O) range from 4.94 to 9.16 wt.%. The granites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements with depletions in Nb, Ta, Ce, Pr, P, and Ti. The plutons are metaluminous with I-type signatures. The geochemistry of the intrusions suggests that they formed in a subduction zone setting, and subsequently underwent fractional crystallization during emplacement, with higher degrees of fractionation in the eastern sector than in the west. Similarities in the geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the granitoid plutons in Dayinsu to those in the Tabei district (west to Dayinsu area) suggest that both districts are part of the Carboniferous Tarbagatay Mountain intrusive event. The early Carboniferous (345–324 Ma) granitoid intrusions in the Tarbagatay Mountain likely formed in an island arc subduction setting during the evolution of the CAOB. 相似文献
17.
“构造杂岩”及其地质意义——以西准噶尔为例 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
构造杂岩是构造地层学的重要研究内容之一。以西准噶尔为例,三个不同时期形成的构造杂岩:科克沙依杂岩、玛依勒杂岩和达拉布特杂岩,代表了古生代不同时期洋盆与火山弧的残迹。现今西准噶尔的构造格局,可能是多个地体的拼合。 相似文献
18.
The southern West Junggar terrane in the south-western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is mainly composed of accretionary complexes and characterized by widespread outcrops of ophiolitic mélanges in the Barleik, Mayile, and Tangbale (BMT) areas, representing the site of consumption of the Junggar–Balkhash Ocean. However, due to a lack of comprehensive synthesis of the ophiolitic mélanges, the early evolution of the Junggar–Balkhash Ocean remains poorly understood. This paper first focuses on the little-known Barleik ophiolitic blocks and associated pillow basalts and then integrates the Barleik, Mayile, and Tangbale ophiolitic mélanges into one model. Mineral and whole-rock chemistry suggests that the Barleik ophiolitic blocks, including serpentinized dunite, clinopyroxenite, and gabbro, show supra-subduction zone (SSZ) affinities, as indicated by high Cr# values (76–78) in spinels and strong depletion in Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf, whereas the Barleik pillow basalts are alkaline and have high TiO2 contents (2.82–3.42 wt.%) and Nb–Ta enrichment, similar to ocean-island basalt (OIB) lavas. Combined with published chronological and chemical data from ophiolites, metamorphic rocks, and arc plutons, we propose that the BMT Ediacaran to middle Cambrian ophiolitic gabbros were formed in a SSZ environment, implying a single Mariana-type arc system within the Junggar–Balkhash Ocean, which was coeval with an Andean-type arc system in the Kyrgyz North Tianshan, supporting an archipelagic model for the south-western CAOB. By contrast, the BMT OIB-type basalts are early Silurian in age, much younger than the SSZ-type ophiolites, and can be interpreted as relicts of seamounts. Thus, a model involving the Ediacaran to Ordovician intra-oceanic subduction and late Silurian to Early Devonian seamount accretion is helpful for clarifying the different components of the accretionary complexes in the southern West Junggar terrane. 相似文献
19.
蛇绿岩是研究古大洋的主要载体和划分古板块边界的重要证据,记录了从大洋岩石圈的最初形成到最后洋盆闭合的诸多信息,是研究洋–陆转换过程的关键地质体。西准噶尔达尔布特蛇绿岩是北疆地区发育规模最大、最为典型的蛇绿岩带之一,相关研究近年来取得了系列成果。①在萨尔托海铬铁矿中发现金刚石等深部矿物群,从而对此前铬铁矿的浅部成矿理论提出了质疑。②在蛇绿岩中识别出前弧玄武岩,它是俯冲起始的地质记录之一。③蛇绿岩中存在古海山物质组分,其中玄武岩具有OIB特征。④萨尔托海铬铁矿是深部地幔预富集和浅部再富集的结果。⑤达尔布特蛇绿岩形成于俯冲有关的构造环境,并有地幔柱的参与。在取得进展的同时,也出现了一些新的科学问题和研究方向,主要包括深部物质循环过程、俯冲起始机制、陆壳增生机制和俯冲带型蛇绿岩成因等。
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