Processing and interpretation of data from a sonobouy refraction seismic section in the East China Sea shelf marginal ridge

Refraction seismic data obtained from a sonobuoy (SB7) in the East China Sea shelf marginal ridge was processed and interpreted. Intercept times and layer velocities were used to set up a one-dimension depth-velocity model based on which a two-dimenssion depth-velocity crustal model was established through two-dimension ray-tracing. The computation results showed that the upper crustal depth-velocity model beneath lineSB7 is composed of four layers with primary wave velocities of 1.80–2.20, 2.85–2.90, 3.24–3.34 and 4.55–6.00 m/s respectively. Neighbouring reflection seismic data and data on the East China Sea (ECS) regional geology were used to study the relationship between the velocities and their formation ages and also the contact relationship between the velocity boundaries. Contribution No. 3259, from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49376266 supported by NSFC.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CRUSTAL DEFORMATION RELATED TO Ms8.1 KUNLUNSHAN EARTHQUAKE

1　IntroductionTheBogedabanapexofKunlunmountainanditsneighborhoodregionlocatedattheboundaryofXinjiangandQinghaiprovinceswerehitbyaMs8.1earthquakeonNovember 1 4,2 0 0 1 .ThisisthestrongestearthquakewithmagnitudebiggerthanMs8.0inmainlandChinasinceacomparableearth quakehappenedinDangxiongofTibetonNovember1 8,1 95 1 .TheepicenterdeterminedbyChineseseismicnetworkislocatedatN36.2°,E90 .9°,40 0kilometersawayfromRuoqiangcountyofXinjiangprovinceand 35 0kilometersfromGolmudcityre spectively.Mea…     

Numerical Study of Water and Suspended Matter Exchange Between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

INTRODUCTIONTheYellowSeaandtheEastChinaSea (ECS)aremarginalseasofthenorthwestPacificandhaveexpansivecontinentalshelves .TheuniqueandstrikingfeaturesoftheYellowSeaandtheECSarethattheyhavestrongtidalcurrent;aresubjecttostrongmonsooninfluence ;andreceiveinflowfromthebiggestriverinChina ,theChangjiangRiver ;andthatthefamouswesternboundarycurrent,theKuroshio ,passesthroughtheECS ,withitsbranchesintrudingupwardintothecontinentalshelfareas.Generallyspeaking ,thewaterexchangecapacityofthe…     

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联合GPS与重力资料反演福建地区地壳运动

联合福建省近几年的GPS基本网、基准站观测数据和重力复测数据,反演福建块体的分块运动参数和主要活动断裂运动状态。结果显示,受欧亚板块、菲律宾海板块和太平洋板块相互碰撞的影响,福建地区块体的运动样式大体呈现顺时针方向的运动,造成北东向断裂作左旋走滑运动,而北西向断裂以右旋走滑为主。其中,长乐-诏安断裂带、邵武-河源断裂带和永安-晋江断裂带是块体内最活跃的断裂带,其左旋走滑速率分别为0.7±1.3、0.7±1.7和0.6±1.8mm/a,九龙江下游断裂带具有0.5±1.7mm/a的右旋走滑速率。     

Moho Structure of the Southwest Sub-Basin,South China Sea,from a Multichannel Seismic Reflection Profile NH973-1

Moho structure provides important clues for understanding crustal structure, isostatic state and magmatic flux from mantle to surface. Across-basin Moho structure of the South China Sea(SCS) is important for understanding crustal evolution mechanisms of both continental break-up and seafloor spreading processes. Southwest Sub-basin(SWSB) opened up the latest and has the closest continental margins, making it the best to study the across-basin structure. Multichannel seismic(MCS) reflection data of line NH973-1 that crosses SWSB in NW-SE direction were reprocessed in order to image Moho structure. In MCS data, Moho reflectors are observed in places, which were not revealed in prior researches. The Moho generally shows symmetric structure on both sides of the central rift valley(CRV) and with variations in crustal thickness. Around CRV, the Moho is 2 seconds depth in two-way travel time(TWTT) beneath the igneous basement, which corresponds to 7 km depth, indicating normal oceanic crustal accretion during the ending of seafloor spreading. Close to the continent-ocean boundary(COB), the Moho becomes shallow to 1 second depth in TWTT(3.5 km), implying strong crustal thinning towards the continent, probably because of poor magma supply at the beginning of seafloor spreading. At south COB, the Moho depth under the crust almost reaches zero, which could be explained as a result of exhumed mantle. In addition, two low-angle, deep-penetrating normal faults are observed at south COB. The faults cut across the Moho into the upper mantle, which may be attributed to lithospheric hyper-stretching at COB during continental break-up.     

Seismic data processing approaches for the study of gas hydrates in the east China sea

A comprehensive study of the data profiles, including the 2D seismic data, single channel seismic data, shallow sections, etc., reveals that gas hydrates occur in the East China Sea. A series of special techniques are used in the processing of seismic data, which include enhancing the accuracy of velocity analysis and resolution, estimating the wavelet, suppressing the multiple, preserving the relative amplitude, using the DMO and AVO techniques and some special techniques in dealing with the wave impedance. The existence of gas hydrates is reflected in the subbottom profiles in the appearance of BSRs, amplitude anomalies, velocity anomalies and AVO anomalies, etc. Hence the gas hydrates can be identified and predicted. It is pointed out that the East China Sea is a favorable area of the gas hydrates resource, and the Okinawa Trough is a target area of gas hydrates reservoir.     

俄罗斯的人工地震探测研究进展

介绍了俄罗斯利用原子弹爆炸获得的长地震剖面资料和利用这些资料对地球的起源和演化的研究成果，以及对不同构造带，如乌拉尔造山带、西伯利亚盆地、科拉半岛、图拉地台和巴仑支海等地区的地壳和上地幔结构及地球动力学过程等方面的研究成果。     

Crustal structure revealed by a deep seismic sounding profile of Baijing-Gaoming-Jinwan in the Pearl River Delta

The Pearl River Estuary area, located in the middle part of the southern China coastal seismic belt, has long been considered a potential source of strong earthquakes above magnitude 7.0. To scientifically assess the potential strong earthquake risk in this area, a three-dimensional artificial seismic sounding experiment, consisting of a receiving array and seabed seismograph, was performed to reveal the deep crustal structure in this region. We used artificial ship-borne air-gun excitation shots as sources, and fixed and mobile stations as receivers to record seismic data from May to August 2015. This paper presents results along a line from the western side of the Pearl River Estuary to the western side of the Baijing-Gaoming-Jinwan profile. A two-dimensional velocity structure was constructed using seismic travel-time tomography. The inversion results show that the Moho depth is 27 km in the coastal area and 30 km in the northwest of the Pearl River Estuary area, indicating that the crust thins from land to sea. Two structural discontinuities and multiple low-velocity anomalies appear in the crustal section. Inside both discontinuity zones, a low-velocity layer, with a minimum velocity of 6.05 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 15 km, and another, with a minimum velocity of 6.37 km s~(-1), exists at a depth of about 21.5 km between the middle and lower crust. These low velocities suggest that the discontinuities may consist of partly molten material. Earthquakes with magnitudes higher than 5.0 occurred in the low-velocity layer along the profile. The deep Kaiping-Enping fault, rooted in the crust, may be one of the most important channels for deep material upwelling and is related to tectonic movement since the Cretaceous in the Pearl River Delta tectonic rift basin.     

深地震测深在国内的发展与应用现状研究

通过关键词共现分析方法,对深地震测深技术在国内的发展及其应用现状进行研究。结果表明,深地震测深资料处理以二维动力学射线追踪的正反演方法为主,三维地壳结构模型的构建方法则以改进的克里金插值方法为主;深地震测深可用于揭示孕震构造环境,但对区域地壳结构与地震发生规律和活动性的总结较少;在地震测深成果方面,包括地壳结构类型和地壳厚度等,与地热、金属以及油气矿产资源的形成密切相关,但是目前尚未形成能够服务于矿产资源勘查的成果库和数据产品;海洋深部探测是目前深地震测深方法应用的热点,应当加强海陆联合地震观测,充分发挥两种观测模式的优势。     

山西地区地壳S波速度结构

利用山西及周边共44个宽频地震台2014-01~07地震噪声数据,反演瑞利波群速度和相速度频散,得到研究区域的三维剪切波速度。上地壳中,山西断陷带表现为较低的速度异常,而两侧的隆起区则显示高速异常;中下地壳主要表现为以北纬38.5°左右为界的南高北低的速度特征。大同盆地从浅部到中下地壳整体呈现为低速特征,与该地区广泛存在的火山群有关。     

地质模式约束的SVR属性融合在浅水三角洲储层描述中的应用: 以西湖凹陷X气田为例

X气田位于东海盆地西湖凹陷中央反转构造带,主要目的层H4层为浅水三角洲沉积环境,气田地震资料主频较低（25 Hz）,而H4层埋深较大（3 300~3 400 m）,储层低孔低渗,常规地震反演预测砂体厚度吻合度较低。针对X气田三维地震资料全覆盖及钻井较少的特点,通过地质模式指导下的正反演结合设置虚拟井来弥补SVR（Support Vector Regression）算法中样本点的不足,通过提取地震属性并优选表征砂体厚度的敏感属性,利用SVR算法进行多属性融合,完成了H4层砂体的定量预测。基于储层预测成果,提出H4层为浅水三角洲曲流型分流河道沉积,并进一步完成了砂体沉积模式解剖,成功指导了开发调整井部署,实钻砂体厚度与预测砂体厚度吻合度高达84%以上。探索得到了海上少井条件下地质模式约束的SVR算法储层定量预测方案,对X气田中深层分流河道储层完成了精准预测,亦对同类型油气田的储层描述具有一定指导意义。      

东海盆地西湖凹陷沉积记录的天文旋回响应

基于东海陆架盆地古新世-始新世前人解释的三级层序成果,认为东海陆架盆地现有的三级层序划分不足以满足当下研究的需要,由此开展了旋回地层与层序地层研究,重新将三级层序界面的与基于对岩性及地震相特征变化的解释相结合,加入了天文旋回驱动的机制,阐明海平面变化驱动三级层序的特征。以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的BSH-1井及其相邻的NB-25-2-1井为研究对象,结合地层学研究基础,选取GR测井曲线为古气候替代指标,应用旋回地层学的理论及其时间序列分析、频谱分析技术的方法,对两口典型钻井进行了天文旋回分析,借助邻井时间锚点建立了有效的天文年代标尺,探讨了斜率周期信号变化的振幅调制的约1.2 Ma长周期与海平面变化以及三级层序发育的关系,认为东海陆架盆地三级层序受控于稳定的约1.2 Ma的斜率振幅调制周期。最终形成一套绝对天文年代标尺与一套三级层序划分方案。      

南海的新构造运动及其演化史

本文对南海壳块第三纪以来所发生的断裂作用、地震活动、岩浆活动与褶皱作用进行了综合研究。在此基础上,总结了南海壳块新构造运动特征并进而对其演化规律进行了探讨。     

海底扩张的潮汐模式

2000年6月底，东京以南的伊豆岛开始发生火山与地震活动。此后，在伊豆岛观测到异常的地壳变形，8月底，火山与地震活动达到高潮。对潮汐与火山和地震活动的关系进行了分析，认为：地壳变形是由伊豆岛的岩脉侵入引起的，并且与强潮汐天文条件相对应。根据观测和计算数据提出了海底扩张的潮汐模式。     

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A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KUROSHIO FRONTAL EDDY IN THE EAST CHINA SEA IN SPRING

The Kuroshi'o front eddy's surface and sectional isothermal distribution characteristics were analyzed on the basis of observation data obtained in April 13-16 of 1989 in the East China Sea. It was found from the similarity between these isothermal distributions with those in January and beginning of June for the years 1986-1990 that the Kuroshio front eddy often occurred from March to the beginning of June. The Kuroshio front eddy movement in the East China Sea in spring was along two routes: the Okinawa Trough route, and the continental shelf slope route. The two moving routes both in the surface layer and in the section are described, their causes are discussed, and differences are compared.     

东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其多样性分析

根据2008年8月东海区主要渔场重要渔业资源调查资料,分析东海中部鱼类的种类组成、区系特征、多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:共调查捕获鱼类88种,其中暖水种59种,占67.0%;暖温种29种,占33.0%。相对重要性指数(IRI)值大于500的优势种鱼类共有5种,分别为带鱼、刺鲳、小黄鱼、六斑刺鲀和鳄齿鱼;种类丰富度指数变动范围为0.10～2.31,平均为0.88;Shannon-Wiener多样度指数变动范围为0.01～1.86,平均为0.87;种类均匀度指数变动范围为0.01～0.92,平均为0.41;东海中部夏季鱼类多样性指数与往年相比有下降的趋势。     

Late Cenozoic Tectonic Deformation in the Dongsha Islands and Adjacent Sea Area

Dongsha Island and the adjacent sea area locate at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS), and is connected to the east by the Manila Trench. Analyses of seismic stratigraphy and gravity, magnetic and drilling wells data led to the discovery of three post-fault sequences (Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ). Extensive tectonic uplift, magma activity and erosion occurred in Dongsha Island and the adjacent area, where most of the faults in the northeastern SCS were still active during Pliocene and Quaternary. Two groups of faults trending NEE and NW were developed during Late Cenozoic. We conclude that three important tectonic movements, especially Dongsha movement(4.4 - 5.2 Ma) and Liuhua movement (1.4 - 1.89 Ma), controlled the structural framework in the Dongsha rise; whose deformation in the east is stronger than that in the west and whose stress field variation suggests that the tectonic uplift in the study area contributed to magmato-tectonic events correlated to the main collision phases between the East China and Taiwan 5 - 3 and 3 - 0 Ma ago.     

A spectral mixture model analysis of the Kuroshio variability and the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea

For understanding more about the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea,We studied the variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea(ECS) in the period of 1991 to 2008 using a three-dimensional circulation model,and calculated Kuroshio onshore volume transport in the ECS at the minimum of 0.48 Sv(1 Sv ;106 m3/s) in summer and the maximum of 1.69 Sv in winter.Based on the data of WOA05 and NCEP,The modeled result indicates that the Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan Island decreased since 2000.Lateral movements tended to be stronger at two ends of the Kuroshio in the ECS than that of the middle segment.In addition,we applied a spectral mixture model(SMM) to determine the exchange zone between the Kuroshio and the shelf water of the ECS.The result reveals a significantly negative correlation(coefficient of-0.78) between the area of exchange zone and the Kuroshio onshore transport at 200 m isobath in the ECS.This conclusion brings a new view for the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea.Additional to annual and semi-annual signals,intra-seasonal signal of probably the Pacific origin may trigger the events of Kuroshio intrusion and exchange in the ECS.