新形势下贵州区域地质调查工作的思考

贵州区域地质调查工作在新形势下应融入国家经济建设中。区域地质调查工作应针对贵州存在的重大基础地质问题及前沿性地质问题进行深入研究，强调生产和科研相结合，总体提高贵州基础地质研究程度。区域地质调查工作还要努力拓宽社会服务领域，向社会提供更多的为矿产资源调查、土地资源调查、生态环境调查研究、旅游资源调查基础资料，把社会需求与区域地质调查工作有机联系起来，为贵州的地方经济建设服务，为西部大开发服务。     

冲-洪积平原1:5万区域地质调查技术方法探索

首都地区规划建设工作主要分布于平原松散地层之上,第四纪地质研究显得尤为重要。依托近几年来在北京地区开展的平原覆盖区1:5万区域地质调查和活动断裂专项调查项目成果,系统总结了平原区第四纪区域地质调查与评价的主要工作手段和技术方法,及其在解决第四纪基础地质问题及生态环境中所起的作用。通过平原区区域地质调查工作,可查明第四纪精细地质结构、含水层分布特征,精确厘定活动断裂位置及其活动时限,探讨自然环境演化序列与人类活动关系等,为城市规划、重大工程建设和应急水源地水资源合理开采提供基础地学数据。研究成果对首都城市减灾防灾、生态环境演变研究具有重要地学支撑作用。     

平原区1:5万区域地质调查在生态文明建设中的作用——以渤海湾北岸为例

本文梳理了影响渤海湾北岸生态文明建设的主要地质问题,结合近年来开展的区调工作分析了平原区1∶5万区域地质调查在解决这些地质问题中所能起的作用。平原区1∶5万区域地质调查能够查明第四纪地层结构,进而确定含水层的分布、时代和性质,为城市建设所需的应急水源地以及合理开采、利用地下水资源提供依据;能够查明区内主要断裂的分布及其活动性,为地壳稳定性评价提供资料支撑,也为重大工程建设规划和减灾防灾提供依据;能够详细调查区域岩相古地理,确定不同沉积相的分布空间,在此基础上查明河、湖和沼泽等湿地的形成演化过程,分析其控制因素,为改善生态环境提供依据。总之,平原区1∶5万区域地质调查能够为区域经济和地方政府在管理决策、环境治理、灾害防治等方面提供基础地质资料。     

方法所水资源研究部

开展水文地质环境地质调查、科研与生产工作，以区域水资源评价与可持续开发利用及其相关技术方法为研究对象，利用新理论与新方法，紧密结合国民经济和社会发展需要，预警和解决重点地区潜在和已出现的相关问题，参与地方经济建设中有关水资源评价与管理项目；研究地下水多参数测试技术、G1S与地下水数值模拟模型耦合技术、“3S”技术集成等在地调科研中的应用；在上级部门领导下，修编水文地质相关规范与规程。     

遥感技术在新疆地区水文水资源中的应用分析

水文水资源是具有民生意义的重大系统工程,其工作质量和效果对社会经济活动产生直接影响。加强对水资源的管理,基础就是全面掌握该区域的水资源信息。通过传统的水位观测站所获取的资料存在一定的局限性。随着科学技术发展,遥感技术得到了广泛的应用。以新疆地区为例,对遥感技术在水文水资源中水资源保护、水文水资源调查、评估洪涝灾害方面的应用进行分析,并对利用水位遥感仪进行小流域洪水检测进行了分析,以期为今后的相关研究提供理论和实践支持。     

西咸新区沣河流域水资源时空分布特点及开发利用状况探析

为研究西咸新区沣河流域水资源问题,基于2017年基础统计数据,综合水资源调查评价相关成果,对区域水资源时空分布特点、开发利用潜力及存在问题进行分析,结果表明：区域水资源时空分布不均,年际变化大,年内分配不均,河道枯水流量较小,沣河含沙量较小。区域地表水开发利用条件不好,水资源总量不足,地下水资源条件相对较好,但开发利用程度较高,地下水开发利用潜力已经不大;水资源开发利用存在的主要问题是水资源总量不足、供水结构不合理,非常规水资源利用率低、水资源保护任务艰巨、地下水超采和城镇化带来的水资源供需矛盾突出。精准掌握区域水资源分布规律及开发利用状况对加强沣河水系水资源合理配置,制定西咸新区沣河流域水量调度方案能提供重要的科学理论依据。     

序言

近年来在贯彻实施可持续发展战略和国家西部大开发战略的具体实践中.中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心以服务于国家和地方经济建设为目标,以公益性地质工作为主线,依托国土资源大调查项目,围绕西北地区水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱、地质灾害严重等重大问题,开展了一系列地质调查和科技研究工作.     

榆林北部风沙滩区浅层地下水资源评价与保护

陕西榆林北部风沙滩区地处毛乌素沙漠东南缘,自然矿产资源丰富,但生态环境比较脆弱。近年来,随着陕北能源化工基地的建设和经济的快速发展,水资源的严重匮乏已成为制约经济社会发展的瓶颈因素,水资源的永续利用和保护已经成为当地政府工作的重中之重。以在该地区开展的《全国水资源综合规划》之《地下水资源调查评价》专题工作为基础,通过大量的分析研究,提出了该区域地下水资源量以及开发利用与保护的建议。     

淮河流域水资源问题与建议

淮河流域社会经济进入快速发展期,水安全将面临更大的压力与挑战。调查总结了淮河流域水资源工程体系建设成就,分析了水资源现状和存在的问题;围绕全流域水资源配置和管理,提出增加洪水资源和再生水利用,新建和扩建水资源拦蓄工程及跨流域跨区域调水工程,建立水资源及水环境实时调度管理系统,实行区域用水总量控制制度,进一步加强水资源及水环境重大问题的关键技术研究等,为淮河流域经济社会又好又快发展提供支撑与保障。     

府谷县水资源开发利用现状及问题探析

府谷县作为陕北能源重化工基地的龙头县,煤炭资源丰富,随着工业经济的快速发展,水资源在县域经济中的作用越来越重要,对府谷县地表水和地下水资源存储量、开发利用现状、水质状况以及存在问题进行研究分析,针对府谷县水资源开发利用程度较低,有较大的开发潜力,在合理开发水资源和提高区域用水效率方面,存在区域水资源时空分布不均、农田水利工程建设滞后、城区生活与工业供水工程水源分散、效率低下等问题,要加区域大水资源合理开发与优化配置,促进水资源与区域经济和谐发展。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861