滇西北保山核桃坪铅锌矿床成矿流体来源的同位素地球化学证据

滇西北核桃坪铅锌矿是保山地块内沿澜沧江断裂带发育的一个大型铅锌多金属矿床,矿体严格受近SN向的断裂带及层间破碎带控制,赋存于上寒武统核桃坪组和沙河厂组大理岩化灰岩及矽卡岩中。文章在分析矿床地质特征的基础上,通过对V1矿体的氢、氧、碳、硫、硅和铅同位素地球化学的示踪研究,探讨了成矿溶液中水、碳、硅、硫和铅的来源以及成矿流体的演化问题。研究表明,V1矿体中矿石的石英δ18O水值变化范围为6·1‰~7·6‰,平均为6·7‰,其δDV-SMOW值变化范围为-100‰~-108‰,平均为-104‰,说明成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆分异水,并在后期成矿作用过程中有地层建造水和大气降水的加入;矿石中方解石的δ13CV-PDB和δ18O水值分别为-6·6‰~-5·9‰和5·0‰~5·2‰,反映成矿流体的碳、氧具有深部流体与围岩发生交代反应的特征。硅、硫和铅同位素具深部岩浆或地幔来源的特点,但遭受后期壳源物质的混染。据此提出该矿床是与深部岩浆热液或幔源流体贯入有关的构造热液脉型矿床,其成矿作用受控于深部过程的驱动和控制,可为指导地质找矿提供依据。     

滇中碳酸盐岩区铅锌多金属矿床元素地球化学特征及矿源分析

滇中地区的铅锌多金属矿床往往成群、成带分布于碳酸盐岩层中，矿体（矿石）与围岩在成矿元素组合方面具有继承性，硫和金属来自矿源层。矿体与围岩的δ＾３４Ｓ‰值变化范围为－３９．１‰－２０．６‰，以“重硫型”为主；矿石铅同位素以单阶段演化的正常铅为主，常含不同程度的放射性铅，成矿模式为：同生沉积作用形成矿源层，后期改造形成矿体。     

辽东半岛金矿床稳定同位素特征

辽东半岛金矿床与中生代中酸性侵入体有比较密切的空间和时间关系。不同矿床类型，其硫同位素组成有较大差别，但其初始硫同位素均表现为岩浆硫特征（δ＾３４Ｓ∑Ｓ≈１‰），与碳、铅、氢、氧等同位素的研究结果相吻合。说明本区金矿化与岩浆活动具有比较密切的成因联系。     

山东龙泉站金矿区稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

山东龙泉站金矿区的金矿产于沂水-汤头断裂主裂面下盘的糜棱岩化碎裂岩和花岗质碎裂岩中。对区内典型金矿床硫、氢、氧、碳和铅等稳定同位素的研究资料表明:黄铁矿的δ34S值的变化为 2.7‰- 4.4‰,δ18OH2O值为-1.78‰- 4.07‰,δD(SMOW)值为-74‰--77‰,δ13C平均值为-4.18‰--5.1‰,铅同位素具有正常铅的特点,说明区内金矿的成矿物质来源于地下深处,成矿流体以岩浆水为主,大气降水为辅。     

湖南柏坊铜矿床稳定同位素地球化学初步研究

对湖南柏坊铜矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行矿物包裹体、碳、氧、氢和硫同位素测定,获得成矿均一温度约为182℃～192℃,盐度为1．2～4．7wt％。方解石的δ^13C为-2．0‰～3．1‰,δ^18Osmow为12．6‰～20．9‰,δD为-67．3‰～-131．6‰,氢、氧和碳同位素数值随矿体浅部到深部由小到大的变化,显示出热液可能是多来源的。硫化物中辉铜矿的δ^34S为-31．8‰～2．9‰,黄铁矿的δ^34S为-2．1‰～＋2．9‰。黄铁矿的硫同位素组成大于辉铜矿的硫同位素组成,表明硫同位素达到平衡,并估算出δ^34S∑s为0‰,δ^34S∑s值小,指示出硫可能是岩浆来源。     

广东大宝山多金属矿床成矿物质来源同位素证据

笔者对大宝山多金属矿床矿石和脉石矿物进行铅、硫、氢和氧同位素组成测定,获得硫化物的206Pb/204Pb值为17.930～18.785;207Pb/204Pb值为15.491～15.772;208Pb/204Pb值为37.990～40.990,并组成良好的线性关系。泥盆系地层中黄铁矿的δ34S为-22.5‰～+17.9‰,矿床硫化物的δ34S为-2.4‰～+4.6‰。黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿共生矿物对,具有δ34Spy>δ34Ssp>δ34Sgn,用磁黄铁矿的硫同位素组成估算出δ34S∑S为2‰±3‰。硫化物包裹体的氢同位素在-101‰～-123‰之间,与硫化物共生石英的氧同位素为+9.3‰～+17.9‰,换算成水的氧同位素为+0.3‰～+3.9‰,表明成矿热液来源较为复杂。     

河北省西石门金矿稳定同位素特征及其成矿地质意义

西石门金矿位于阜平幔枝构造轴部,燕山期麻棚岩体的东南侧。本文对矿区及区域上部分金属矿床的硫、铅、氢、氧、碳同位素进行了系统研究,研究结果表明：矿石中金属硫化物的δ34S介于-0．3‰～＋1．4‰,平均0．63‰,与区域上硫同位素组成相一致,均落入幔源硫范围,表明硫主要来自深源;铅同位素变化范围较小,与区域上的铅组成相一...     

湖南常宁康家湾铅锌矿床同位素地球化学研究

在详细的野外地质工作基础上,本文通过矿石硫、铅同位素,含矿石英的氢、氧同位素,以及含矿方解石的碳、氧同位素组成等综合研究,探讨康家湾铅锌矿床成矿物质来源和形成机制。结果显示矿石的δ34SVCDT介于-2.71‰~-0.90‰之间,均值为-1.42‰,表明矿石中的硫主要来自深部岩浆,可能受到地壳物质混染。矿石铅同位素206Pb/204Pb介于18.227~18.573之间,均值为18.485;207Pb/204Pb介于15.661~15.695之间,均值为15.682;208Pb/204Pb介于38.673~38.964之间,均值为38.820;铅同位素组成比较均一,具有放射铅的特征,表明成矿物质主要来源地壳,混有少量地幔物质。含矿石英中的δDSMOW介于-68.00‰~﹣60.00‰之间,均值为-64.00‰;δ18OH2O介于-7.25‰~-5.17‰之间,均值为-6.23‰;氢、氧同位素组成研究显示,成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主,后期混有大气降水。含矿方解石中的δC VPDB介于-0.50‰~0.30‰之间,均值为0‰;δ18OSMOW介于14.10‰~16.80‰之间,均值为14.40‰;含矿方解石中的碳、氧同位素与地层灰岩中的碳、氧同位素值大致相近,表明矿石中碳主要来源于晚古生代地层中的灰岩。以上研究表明,康家湾铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来自地壳,混有少量地幔物质,混合作用可能是矿床形成的主要机制。     

安徽宁国大坞尖钨矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源——来自氢、氧和硫同位素证据

大坞尖钨矿床位于扬子陆块南缘与华夏古陆块的接合部位,是皖南地区典型的层控矽卡岩型矿床,近年来在该区域内钨多金属矿的找矿取得很大的突破。成矿流体及成矿物质来源的确定对矿床成因研究、找矿方向及区域成矿规律认识具有重要意义。文章对主成矿期的石英和黄铁矿进行了氢、氧和硫同位素测试。数据显示,主成矿期石英的流体包裹体中水的δD_(SMOW)值为-98.2‰~-70.1‰,δ18O_(SMOW)值为11.5‰~13.9‰之间,成矿流体主要来自岩浆水,有大气降水的混合;黄铁矿的δ34SV-CDT值为4.6‰~5.2‰,硫源单一,主要为岩浆来源,可能有少量地层S混入。矿床氢、氧和硫稳定同位素研究表明,燕山期大钨尖地区大规模的构造-岩浆活动不仅带来了大量的成矿物质,而且使地层中的成矿物质活化迁移,并在有利的构造部位沉淀富集,从而形成钨多金属矿床。     

蔡家营铅—锌—银矿床的稳定同位素地球化学研究

河北蔡家营矿床是大型中温热液充填－交代脉型铅－锌－银矿床。其硫化物的δ＾３４Ｓ值为２．２‰－７．８‰，同世代共存的１０个硫化物对的Δ＾３４Ｓ值表明，Ｆｅ－（Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ）－Ｓ系统的硫同位素非平衡分馏占主导，硫是岩浆（为主）与老变质岩层硫的混合来源。石英及其流体包裹体的δ＾１８ＯＳＭＯＷ和δＤＳＭＯＷ值（‰）按混合模式计算表明，成矿流体为混合的岩浆和大气降水，早期成矿流体以岩浆为主，尔后则变为以大气降     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究

通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。      

黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因

自1954年有水文观测资料以来，黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出，鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低，当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流，这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水，提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力，今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the     

天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究

利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明：总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11：00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.     

The evolution of the magmatism in the external zones of the Betic Cordilleras during the mesozoic

Abstract

The Mesozoic igneous rocks from the External Zones of the Betic Cordilleras extend for some 300 km along the Subbetic Zone. They are poorly differentiated basic rocks which, altogether, correspond to a transitional series containing tholeiitic and sodium-alkaline terms. They crop out as small ophite stocks and dykes intruded into middle- and upper-Triassic rocks, or as submarine flows and sills interlayered with Jurassic materials.

Geological and radiometric evidence points to an upper-Triassic-Liassic age for the ophite-generating magmatism, while the fissure volcanism began locally in the early-Liassic and extended throughout the Dogger. It reached its climax in the Tithonian and ceased abruptly in the lowermost Cretaceous.

The magmas that generated the two groups of rocks originated within the mantle. During the ascent through a continental crust they were contaminated by deep-crust granitoid rocks and by the assimilation of pelites from the basement. The chemical composition and fractional-crystallization differentiation trends of the ophites belong to the tholeiitic series, while those of the middle-uppermost Jurassic magmas to the sodic-alkaline series. This magmatic evolution may be attributed to a geodynamic change from distensive in the Triassic to transtensive from the middle-Jurassic onwards.