鄂西黄陵地区"孔兹岩"的Ce、Nd同位素特征

测定了黄陵背斜核部被称作"孔兹岩系"的5个全岩样品Ce、Nd同位素组成,5个样品分别代表该岩系不同层位与岩性.其中两个含有石墨的黑云斜长片麻岩和一个含榴黑云石英片岩样品的εCe(t)都是负值(分别为-2.5、-2.1和-1.7),εNd(t)值相对高(分别为-0.5、-1.3和-1.6),揭示了岩石中含有较多幔源组分,原岩沉积环境不稳定;一个石榴石矽线石石英片岩的εCe(t)值为+1.6,εNd(t)值是-2.4,指示原岩的沉积环境符合形成孔兹岩的地质条件;黑云变粒岩的所有特征与基底片麻岩相似,εCe(t)和εNd(t)值分别为+2.2和-7.7,Nd模式年龄为(3169±19)Ma,表明它可能不属于古元古代.总之,黄陵地区古元古代的沉积构造环境并不全是稳定的,在岩系沉积开始阶段和中间某个时期有明显的海底幔源组分活动,因此,符合孔兹岩形成条件的沉积-构造环境只在其中一段时间里存在,另外有一些地层可能属于太古宙.     

东昆仑希望沟中二叠世辉长岩Sr-Nd-Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

东昆仑东段希望沟-哈陇休玛一带有多处镁铁-超镁铁质岩的出露,针对希望沟地区中二叠世辉长岩3块样品进行的全岩Sr-Nd同位素及锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试,结果表明:希望沟辉长岩87Sr/86Sr为0.707 445~0.707 676,(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.707 045~0.707 297,高于现代深海拉斑玄武岩(0.702 0~0.703 5),143 Nd/144 Nd的初始计算值为0.512 476~0.512 543,εNd(t)值为-2.65^-1.34,Nd(t)值受蚀变影响较小,基本反映了其源区洋岛玄武岩的同位素特征;176 Lu/177 Hf在0.000 592~0.001 860间,εHf(t)在2.27~5.46间,一阶段Hf模式年龄为691Ma^816Ma,平均为758Ma,表明岩浆源区主要来源于亏损地幔并有少量壳源物质(如洋壳沉积物)的加入。结合区域构造演化特征,认为希望沟辉长岩源区主要为洋岛玄武岩,是东昆仑地区阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋向北俯冲的结果。     

太平洋中国开辟区铁锰结核稀土元素和铈钕同位素特征

从东太平洋中国开辟区南部挑选了4个铁锰结核(地理坐标,北纬7.7533°～8.6866°,西经143.875°～146.937°),每个结核以内部较容易剥离面和密集的铁锰质纹层为界,分成核部、中部和边部3部分,共12个样品做了Ce、Nd同位素组成和REE浓度测定。另外,从相同站位上又选择了3个结核进行了全结核的常量和微量元素浓度测定。常量与微量元素浓度测定结果证明,被研究结核属于早期成岩型。稀土元素图形特征与以前报道不同,从较广泛区域内挑选出的样品,除一个基本上无Ce异常外,其他都显示弱的负Ce异常,平均δCe为0.85。更重要的特征是,被测定的12个样品ε_(Ce)和ε_(Nd)都呈负值,同时,ε_(Nd)值高于其他大洋,它们分别为-0.80～-1.9和-1.4～-4.6,在ε_(Ne)-ε_(Nd)坐标图上位于第Ⅲ象限。根据这些特征,结合洋底地质环境,可能暗示直接或间接来源于大洋亏损地幔的成矿物质在太平洋结核中占有绝对优势。结核内部壳层之间的Ce、Nd同位素组成和Ce异常强度的变化,可能说明,在整个结核形成期间,成矿组分的来源曾发生过较大变化,幔源组分的强烈活动出现在结核的形成过程中。     

天山及邻区石炭纪——早二叠世裂谷火山岩岩石成因

中国西北部天山石炭纪-早二叠世裂谷火山作用代表了一个新近被认可的大火成岩省,其分布范围至少有170万 km2.该火山岩系主要由玄武质熔岩组成,其次有中性和酸性熔岩及火山碎屑岩.它们是地幔柱活动的产物,该地幔柱的组分为:εNd(t) ≈+5,87Sr/86Sr(t) ≈ 0.704和La/Nb ≈ 0.9.根据岩石地球化学数据,石炭纪-早二叠世基性熔岩可以划分为高Ti/Y(HT, Ti/Y>500)和低Ti/Y(LT, Ti/Y<500)两个岩浆类型.LT熔岩又可进一步划分为LT1、LT2、LT3和LT4等4个亚类.LT1、LT2(天山中段和甘肃北山)、LT4(天山西段、新疆北山和准噶尔)和LT3、HT(塔里木)熔岩的化学演化系受控于橄榄石(ol)+单斜辉石(cpx)结晶分离作用;而天山东段的的LT4熔岩的化学变异则是经受了辉长岩质结晶分离作用.元素和同位素数据表明,天山及邻区石炭纪–早二叠世裂谷基性熔岩并不是单一母岩浆结晶分离的产物.遭受地壳混染的LT3和LT4熔岩的Sr-Nd同位素变化特点与其地幔柱源熔体上升喷发所通过的岩石圈的性质有关.古老(前寒武纪)岩石圈的卷入,导致天山西段的石炭纪LT4熔岩和柯坪裂谷的早二叠世LT3熔岩具有低-负εNd(t)值(-2.91～+6.1)和中等-高87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.703 6～0.708 1);相反,天山东段和准噶尔的石炭纪LT4熔岩是以高εNd(t)值(+4.2～+9.7)和低87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.703 5～0.704 4)为特征,这乃是与其遭受了含有早古生代-泥盆纪弧-盆系火山岩的上地壳的混染有关,或者是与其岩石圈地幔源区遭受前石炭纪消减富集有关.天山及邻区石炭纪-早二叠世裂谷基性熔岩中观察到的地球化学变异与AFC作用一致.天山及邻区石炭纪-早二叠世裂谷火山岩显示时间上和空间上的岩石地球化学变化.石炭纪时,未遭受混染的石炭纪LT1熔岩和受到轻微混染的石炭纪LT2熔岩喷发于天山中段裂谷,而遭受强烈混染的石炭纪LT4熔岩则喷发于天山中段裂谷四周的区域之中.石炭纪LT1和LT2熔岩是地幔柱的石榴子石稳定区较高程度部分熔融(10%～30%)产物;而石炭纪LT4熔岩则是温度较低的地幔柱的尖晶石-石榴子石过渡带较低程度部分熔融(<10%)产物.早二叠世时,未遭受混染的早二叠世HT、LT1熔岩和受到轻微混染的早二叠世LT3熔岩喷发于塔里木裂谷和北山裂谷,而遭受强烈混染的早二叠世LT4熔岩则喷发于北部博格达-哈尔里克裂谷区.     

北山南部早二叠世A型流纹岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义

北山南部晚古生代构造背景争议已久,该区下二叠统普遍发育一套流纹岩系,但尚未对其开展系统的年代学与地球化学研究。本文首次对该区下二叠统5条代表性剖面中的流纹岩进行了元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩Sr-Nd及锆石Hf同位素等研究。U-Pb年龄介于294. 7～272. 7Ma之间,结合古生物资料,明确其喷发时代为早二叠世。该区早二叠世流纹岩大多属高钾钙碱性系列,呈钙碱-碱钙质,为准铝-过铝质岩石。岩石主量元素Si、K、Na、Fe含量高,贫Ca、Mg;微量元素富集Ga、Rb、Zr、Hf、Y,亏损Ba、Sr等;稀土元素存在明显负Eu异常;呈现高Fe OT/MgO与10000×Ga/Al比值,这些特征表明该区早二叠世流纹岩为A型流纹岩。独山剖面流纹岩锆石具有高的εHf(t)值(+11. 4～+16. 7),Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为231～573Ma;干泉剖面流纹岩锆石εHf(t)值为-8. 8～+8. 9,Hf模式年龄(tDM2)为802Ma～1961Ma;珊瑚井和俞井子剖面中的流纹岩具有低的εNd(t)值(-4. 21～-2. 92),高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7108～0. 7223),Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1256～1386Ma,其锆石εHf(t)为正值(+1. 3～+17. 0)(tDM2为691～1797Ma);沙红山南剖面流纹岩εNd(t)值(-2. 00～-1. 81)较低,Nd亏损地幔模式年龄(tDM)为1207～1222Ma,锆石εHf(t)值介于+1. 6～+10. 7(tDM2为623～2576Ma)。地球化学特征表明独山剖面的流纹质岩浆为古生代新生地壳的重熔,其它剖面酸性火山岩岩浆则主要为中新元古代地壳物质熔融所形成,揭示了北山南部早二叠世岩石圈伸展减薄的地球动力学背景,结合该区构造岩浆事件序列、地层学以及沉积学等其它地质学证据,认为北山南部早二叠世为裂谷环境。     

祁漫塔格东段晚三叠世花岗岩与流纹岩岩浆同源性:年代学、地球化学及Nd、Pb同位素制约

祁漫塔格位于东昆仑西段,对该地区晚三叠世火成岩的研究不仅有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造—岩浆演化历史,而且为古特提斯洋俯冲时限及洋盆闭合时限提供约束。本次在克停哈尔南的二长花岗岩中获得了219.8±0.5 Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,结合以往获得的年龄数据,可以确定该期火成岩为晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,祁漫塔格东段晚三叠世火成岩为准铝到弱过铝质岩石,属高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土和Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,不同程度亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有明显的铕负异常,显示板块俯冲阶段的特征。花岗岩与流纹岩具有相似的Nd、Pb同位素组成,花岗岩ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-4.66～-4.53之间,亏损地幔模式年龄T_(DM2)为1363～1375 Ma,流纹岩ε_(Nd)(t)值为-4.63,T_(DM2)=1368 Ma。在n(~(143)Nd)/n(~(144)Nd)—n(~(206)Pb)/n(~(204)Pb)图解和Pb同位素组成图解中投影点均位于上地壳和EMII地幔端元附近。祁漫塔格东段晚三叠世花岗岩与流纹岩空间分布关系密切,形成时间相近,主、微量元素和Nd、Pb同位素特征方面都具有相似性或一致性,因此,笔者认为它们为同一时期、同一构造环境下的同源岩浆产物。结合区域资料和本文研究,初步分析认为东昆仑地区该时期处于板块俯冲阶段的活动大陆边缘弧环境,古特提斯洋尚未完全闭合。     

桂东南大容山晚二叠世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

对桂东南大容山花岗岩进行了详细的锆石U-Pb定年及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,3个花岗岩样品获得的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为253.6±2.1Ma、256.4±1.8Ma和256.8±2.8Ma,暗示其形成于晚二叠世,而不是早—中三叠世;岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)和ε_(Hf)(t)值均为负值,分别集中于-9.18~-13.4和-5.5~-6.7之间,对应的两阶段Nd模式年龄(tDMc)和Hf模式年龄(TDM2)分别为1.55~1.84Ga和1.64~1.71Ga,表明岩体物质的源区主要为古元古代—中元古代的壳源物质。结合区域已有的研究成果,认为其形成可能与华南板块和印支地块之间在海西期—印支期的俯冲/碰撞拼合有关。     

陕西金堆城钼矿区花岗岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征及其地质意义

通过对陕西金堆城钼矿区花岗斑岩体和八里坡斑岩体进行地球化学测试,测得金堆城斑岩体的SiO2含量为72.89%～74.06%,MgO为0.07%～0.3%,稀土总量为43.29×10-6～93.94×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有明显的铕负异常和弱的负铈异常(δEu为0.43～0.78,δCe为0.74～0.86),富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、U、Th和Sr等元素,亏损Ba、P和Ti等元素。八里坡斑岩体的SiO2含量为69.87%～70.80%,Al2O3 14.93%～15.46%,MgO 0.28%～0.48%,Sr/Y比值大于60,稀土总量为125.23×10-6～139.63×10-6,铕为无异常或微弱的正异常(δEu为0.98～1.04),铈为微弱的负异常(δCe为0.92～0.96),富集Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,而亏损P、Ta和Ti等元素。金堆城斑岩体和八里坡斑岩体的岩石类型为I型花岗岩,Pb同位素显示金堆城斑岩体的Pb主要来自下地壳,但有地幔物质的加入,八里坡斑岩体的Pb主要来自下地壳。金堆城斑岩体的ε(Nd,t)值为较低负值(-13.8～-15.2),但ε(Sr,t)变化较大,为-46.4～13.6,八里坡斑岩体具有负低ε(Nd,t)值(-20.4)和正高ε(Sr,t)值(64.5～65.2)。金堆城花岗斑岩和八里坡花岗斑岩的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素与华北地块相似,这两个岩体的源区为华北地块组成部分。     

长江源各拉丹冬地区晚三叠世火山岩锶、钕同位素地球化学特征及其意义

对各拉丹冬地区晚三叠世火山岩进行了颗粒锆石U-Pb测年和Sr、Nd同位素分析,颗粒锆石的U-Pb年龄值为(212±1.7)Ma,全岩样品的ISr、εNd(t)和Nd模式年龄tDM变化在0.70325~0.70917、-0.8~-4.6和1064~1379Ma之间。分析结果表明,形成晚三叠世火山岩的原始岩浆是壳幔混合型。结合岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素等特征,该套火山岩的形成与岛弧-活动陆缘环境有关。     

济南辉长岩体的锶、钕同位素特征

济南辉长岩体的Rb Sr全岩 矿物参考等时线年龄为 144± 2 5Ma ,线性差的原因可能是该岩体来自于锶、钕同位素初始比值不均一的源区 ,结晶时处于同位素不平衡状态。钕同位素初始值εNd(t)值为 - 9.0 8～13.0 5 ,表明该岩体的源区为富集性质的地幔 ,并且表现出不均一性 ,εNd(t) 87Sr 86Sr(t)关系显示出源区满足DMM、EMⅠ和EMⅡ的三元混合关系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

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