内蒙古大青山石拐子煤田的地层及其间几个不整合的意义

“内蒙古大青山石拐子煤田的地层及其间几个不整合的意义”。作者将大青山的二叠三叠纪萨拉齐系分为石叶湾统(可能与华北石盒子系对比)与脑包沟统(大多相当於华北石千峰系)。侏罗纪下部可分为二系:即长汉沟系与石拐煤系(后者又分为召沟统与五当沟统)。石炭二叠纪拴马椿煤系与其下的什那干灰岩系(上震旦纪)的不整合可能为华力西早期造山运动的结果。另一不整合介於下侏罗纪石拐煤系与其下的二叠三叠纪萨拉齐系二者之间,可能代表印支运动,暂定名为大青山运动。     

鄂西南部棲霞灰岩煤系之几种鳞木植物及其地层意义

1950年冬田奇(王隽)先生寄来鳞木植物化石数块,系采自宜都县,松木坪之马鞍山煤系。采集者为周圣生黄钟二氏。煤系层位在栖霞灰岩之下,而不整合覆於黄龙灰岩之上。植物化石经鉴定为Sigillaria acutangula Halle,Lepidodendron oculus felis(Abbado)Zeiller及Lep.ituense Sze sp.nov三种。此三种或可视作一种即Lep.oculus felise 详细讨论见於西文中。此种化石,在山西中部属於上石盒子系。在甘肃南山属於下石盒子系。在朝鲜属於Koten Series(上石炭纪)及其上之寺洞统(山西系及下石盒子系之一部)。在遼东烟台属於上石炭纪。在阿北之开平煤田则发见於第14层煤及其上之赵各庄层。第14层煤相常於中石炭纪之最上部,赵各庄层则属於二叠石炭纪。故此种化石,殊无鉴定地层时代之价值。惟栖霞灰岩底部煤系在华中及华西南部分布甚广,在湘西名黔阳煤系,在川南名铜矿溪层,在陕南名梁山层,滇束及贵州,及到处有所发现。各处地层次序亦大致相同。贵州及川南则在煤系地层之下尚有薄层石灰岩含 Stylidophyllum及其他栖霞灰岩之化石。四川方面又发见下二叠纪     

豫西石千峰组研究新进展

豫西石千峰组很发育，分布广泛，据钻井的岩芯及化石划为三段，下段：平顶山砂岩段；中段：双壳类泥灰岩段；上段；石膏钙核段。平顶山砂岩段的地质时代为晚二叠世，地层上可同华北石千峰组下部对比，平顶山砂岩段同下伏上石盒子组为整合接触，经陆块南缘局部为不整合，称之海侵超覆，据石千峰组所含化石，说明华北陆块东南部晚二叠世为开阔海环境。     

渭北煤田铜川矿区鸭口煤矿充水因素分析

地下水文地质特征影响因素研究可以为开展矿井充水防治工作提供依据。通过对渭北煤田铜川矿区鸭口煤矿的水文地质资料进行综合分析,分析认为:地表水与本区二水平涌水量之间具有一定的相关性,而老空积水则与之无明显的相关性;二叠系石千峰组、奥陶系峰峰组、石炭系太原组石英砂岩层和K2灰岩含水层均不是造成矿井充水的主要原因;上石盒子组中下部砂岩含水层造成5-2煤层充水的可能性较小,下石盒子组下部砂岩和山西组下部砂岩含水层可引起煤层顶板充水;中、小型断裂带可以成为矿井充水的良好通道;二水平冒裂带波及范围至山西组下部砂岩含水层,造成充水的可能性较小;封闭不良的钻孔可以导水,严重时可以造成矿井充水。研究结论可为合理有效的开展矿井水防治工作提供一些理论依据。     

太原西山上二叠统—下三叠统地层最大沉积年龄的碎屑锆石U Pb定年约束

二叠纪—三叠纪之交是古生界向中生界过渡的重要地质历史转折时期,发生了地史时期规模最大的生物灭绝事件。石千峰组作为华北地台二叠系—三叠系过渡阶段沉积,其时代归属对二叠系—三叠系界线的准确划分至关重要。本文应用LA-MC-ICPMS对华北中部太原西山晚二叠世—早三叠世上石盒子组、石千峰组、刘家沟组中4件砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年,4件砂岩样品(SNF、XM、K8、LJG)分别给出了最年轻锆石峰值年龄270Ma、296Ma、250Ma、262Ma,表明太原西山上石盒子组师脑峰砂岩(SNF)的沉积时间不早于270Ma,石千峰组底部K8砂岩(K8)沉积时间不早于250Ma。因此,太原西山地区石千峰组应归属于早三叠世,二叠系—三叠系的界线应位于石千峰组K8砂岩之下。     

贺兰山北段煤田晚古生代煤系中火山碎屑岩的发现

贺兰山北段煤田位于贺兰山断褶带的北部。贺兰山断褶带居于鄂尔多斯地台之西,阿拉善台块之东,是一个南北向的狭长带。贺兰山北段煤田包括了乌达矿区内的素赫土、教子沟、五虎山等几个井田。在其周围出露的地层有前震旦系,震旦系,寒武系。区内出露的地层有奥陶系灰岩及不整合在它上面的煤系地层。后者的中石炭统本溪群,厚790一1128米。以页岩为主,夹石英砂岩及砂质页岩,并含有薄层石灰岩4一6层,中上部含煤10一12层,均不可采。上石炭统太原群厚226米,以砂质页岩,页岩,砂岩等组成,并夹薄层石灰岩、泥灰岩、钙质页岩等多层,且含可采及不可采煤层15层;下二迭统山西组厚100米,以页岩、砂岩、砂质页岩组成,并含有可采煤层4层。砂质页岩内含有较多之铁质结核。煤系上复地层有二迭系的石盒子组、第三系的细砂层与砾石层、第四系的冲积层与黄土等组成。      

北京地区首次发现石炭纪石松化石

笔者在北京地区首次发现石松化石,发现地于北京市门头沟区以北约8km处的杨坨煤矿中（图1）。早在1916年,叶良辅等就在北京西山做了大量的地层工作,在《北京西山地质志》中称为石炭纪杨坨煤系,该地层称为杨家坨煤系。1928年,杨曾威等在杨坨煤矿区做了详细的地层工作,根据岩性差异划分为：下杨家坨煤系（相当于本溪系和太原系）,中杨家坨煤系（相当于山西系）,上杨家坨煤系（相当石盒子系）。后又有熊秉信、李悦言、杨杰和李星学等分别在此做过地层划分工作。1961年,北京地质学院[现中国地质大学（北京）]陈芬老师带学生实习,又做了大量的地层剖面测量和动、植物化石的采集工作,后该地质大学古生物教研室的杨关秀又做了许多古植物化石的采集和鉴定工作。     

热异常酸洗作用与鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界长石消失事件

<正>1上古生界长石消失现象鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩储层的岩性主要为石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩等岩石类型。富含长石的砂岩基本上只出现在上古生界上部的石千峰组和上石盒子组,据1 027块上古生界岩石薄片分析统计,石千峰组、上石盒子组、下石盒子组、山西组、太原组、本溪组长石体积分数依次为24.2%、21.9%、2.4%、0.8%、0.3%、0.2%。特别是,从上石盒子组到下石盒子组,砂岩中长石含量出现陡降,而到太原组、     

河南登封二叠纪煤系地层植物化石组合

依据化石的层位分布和组成内容，登封二叠纪煤系地层植物群由下而上可划分为三个植物化石组合带：１．早二叠世中期山西组Ｅｍｐｌｅｃｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｔｒｉａｎｇｇｕｌａｒｉｓ－Ｔａｅｎｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｍｕｌｔｉｎｅｒｖｉｓ ａｓｓｅｍｂｌａｇｅ ｚｏｎｅ；２．早二叠世晚期下石盒子组Ｇｉｇａｎｔｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｅ ｆｏｌｉａ－Ｃｈｉｒｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ ｒｅｎｉ ｆｏｒｍｉｓ ａｓｓｅｍｂ     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部上古生界低孔低渗砂岩储层成岩作用特征研究

对鄂尔多斯盆地南部山西组二段—下石盒子组八段储层砂岩的岩石学特征、孔隙类型与物性特征、胶结物种类及成岩作用特点的详细研究表明:山西组二段—下石盒子组八段砂岩的主要孔隙类型大部分是与胶结物和泥质杂基有关的微孔隙,也是造成研究区砂岩储层低孔低渗的内在原因之一。砂岩主要的成岩作用包括机械压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀溶解作用。压实作用是成岩早期导致砂岩储层质量变差的主要原因之一;胶结作用包括硅质胶结、钙质胶结和粘土矿物胶结,硅质胶结对储层物性的贡献大于其他胶结类型,方解石是造成储层物性降低的主要胶结物;煤系地层埋藏后提供的酸性孔隙流体造成早期长石和方解石的溶蚀溶解,形成次生孔隙,对早期储层物性起到了一定的改善作用,但由于后期强烈的方解石胶结作用而消失殆尽。     

羌塘盆地雁石坪地区侏罗纪沉积物特征与沉积环境

藏北羌塘盆地地层出露以海相三叠系、侏罗系为主。盆内侏罗系为海相、海陆交互相沉积，具“三砂夹二灰”的特征。侏罗系分布广泛、层系连续、发育完整、化石丰富。羌塘盆地雁石坪地区位于青藏公路旁，露头较好，许多地质工作者前来考察研究。本文所涉及的区域是雁石坪地区向斜南翼，主要为中株罗统夏里组、上株罗统索瓦组。夏里组以碎屑岩沉积为主，广泛发育紫红、暗紫色泥岩与灰绿色粉砂岩、细砂岩不等厚互层；索瓦组以灰岩为主，层理发育、化石丰富，这些都是各种环境条件的记录。通过野外实测剖面，采集大量的样品以及室内的分析，结合沉积岩特征，借助相标志，初步分析夏里组为潮坪沉积环境，索瓦组为碳酸盐缓坡环境，为恢复重建古沉积环境——岩相古地理提供依据。     

The enigma of fine-grained alluvial basin fills: the Permo-Triassic (Cumbrian Coastal and Sherwood Sandstone Groups) of the Solway Basin,NW England and SW Scotland)

The late Permian to Triassic sediments of the Solway Basin consist of a layer-cake succession of mature, predominantly fine-grained red clastics laid down in semi-arid alluvial plain to arid sabkha and saline marginal marine or lacustrine environments. The Cumbrian Coastal Group consists of Basal Clastics and Eden Shales. The Basal Clastics are thin regolith deposits resting unconformably on all-underlying units and are composed of mixtures of angular local gravel and far-transported fine to very fine-grained sands deposited as basal lag. The Eden Shales are predominantly gypsiferous red silty mudstones, with thin very fine-grained sandstone beds, and with thick marine gypsum beds at the base, deposited at a saline lake margin. The overlying Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group consists of the Annan and Kirklinton Sandstones. The Annan Sandstones are predominantly thick-bedded, multi-storied, fine-grained mature red quartz sandstones in which coarse sand is practically absent despite channels with clay pebbles up to 30 cm in diameter. The overlying, predominantly aeolian, Kirklinton Sandstones consist of festoon cross-bedded and parallel-laminated fine-grained sandstones, almost identical to the Annan Sandstones except that mica and clay are absent. The Stanwix Shales, located above, consist of interbedded red, blue and green mudstones, siltstones, and thin very fine-grained sandstones, with gypsum layers. Although the entire succession can plausibly be interpreted as deposited in a large desert basin opening into a hypersaline marine or lacustrine embayment to the southwest, the uniformly fine-grained nature of the succession is unusual, as is the absence of paleosols, and body and trace fossils. There is almost no coarse sand even in the river channel units, and it seems likely that the basin was not only extremely arid but supplied predominantly by wind rather than water.     

Intensifying aeolian activity following the end-Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Late Permian–Early Triassic terrestrial sedimentary record of the Ordos Basin,North China

Sedimentary successions provide direct evidence of climate and tectonics, and these give clues about the causes of the mass extinction around the Permian–Triassic boundary. Terrestrial Permian–Triassic boundary strata in the eastern Ordos Basin, North China, include the Late Permian Sunjiagou, Early Triassic Liujiagou and late Early Triassic Heshanggou formations in ascending order. The Sunjiagou Formation comprises cross-bedded sandstones overlaid by mudstones, indicating meandering rivers with channel, point bar and floodplain deposits. The Liujiagou Formation was formed in braided rivers of arid sand bars interacting with some aeolian dune deposits, distinguished by abundant sandstones where diverse trough and planar cross-bedding and aeolian structures (for example, inverse climbing-ripple, translatent-ripple lamination, grainfall and grainflow laminations) interchange vertically and laterally. The Heshanggou Formation is a rhythmic succession of mudstones interbedded with thin medium-grained sandstones mainly deposited in a shallow lacustrine environment. Overall, the sharp meandering to braided to shallow lake sedimentary transition documents palaeoenvironmental changes from semi-arid to arid and then to semi-humid conditions across the Permian–Triassic boundary. The die-off of tetrapods and plants, decreased bioturbation levels in the uppermost Sunjiagou Formation, and the bloom of microbially-induced sedimentary structures in the Liujiagou Formation marks the mass extinction around the Permian–Triassic boundary. The disappearance of microbially-induced sedimentary structures, increasingly intense bioturbation from bottom to top and the reoccurrence of reptile footprints in the Heshanggou Formation reveal gradual recovery of the ecosystem after the Permian–Triassic boundary extinction. This study is the first to identify the intensification of aeolian activity following the end-Permian mass extinction in North China. Moreover, while northern North China continued to be uplifted tectonically from the Late Palaeozoic to Late Mesozoic, the switch of sedimentary patterns across the Permian–Triassic boundary in Shanxi is largely linked to the development of an arid and subsequently semi-humid climate condition, which probably directly affected the collapse and delayed recovery in palaeoecosystems.     

新疆罗布泊地区侏罗纪地层的发现及其意义

在距罗布泊以西20 km的沙漠与戈壁交界处(Y=157339013,X=4516330)发现了完整的侏罗系,地层为早、中侏罗世苏康组砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩夹多层煤层(线),在粉砂岩中保存有大量的硅化木化石,化石主要为石松柏纲Coniferae sp．,Cupressinoxycon sp．。这为研究塔里木盆地侏罗纪植物群及古气候提供了重要的古生物化石资料。在塔里木盆地东北地区阿满坳陷东北向沙漠中发现的侏罗系,对确定侏罗系的分布范围具有一定的意义,而且也填补了罗布泊地区侏罗系的空白。同时,还发现侏罗系中多层煤层,这为塔里木盆地油气勘探研究提供了重要的材料。     

豫西济源地区中三叠世油房庄组遗迹组构及其环境解释

河南济源地区中三叠世油房庄组发育了一套滨浅湖相的砂泥岩沉积，在该组上段紫红色与黄绿色砂泥岩沉积中发现了大量的遗迹化石。其中高能砂质滨湖沉积中识别出6种遗迹组构:斑状生物扰动组构、Skolithos isp.-Planolites montanus组构、Skolithos verticalis组构、Planolites beverleyensis组构、Skolithos isp.组构和Palaeophycus annulatus 遗迹组构，它们可归入陆相Skolithos遗迹相；极浅湖泥岩夹粉砂岩沉积中识别出3种遗迹组构: Skolithos linearis遗迹组构、Taenidium barretti遗迹组构和植物根迹组构，它们可归入陆相Scoyenia遗迹相。     

Sedimentary response to the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic

With the aim of constraining the influence of the surrounding plates on the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton (NCC), we undertook new U–Pb and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons obtained from ten samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Luoyang Basin and Dengfeng area. Samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata were obtained from the Taiyuan, Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, Shiqianfeng, Ermaying, Shangyoufangzhuang, Upper Jurassic unnamed, and Lower Cretaceous unnamed formations (from oldest to youngest). On the basis of the youngest zircon ages, combined with the age-diagnostic fossils, and volcanic interlayer, we propose that the Taiyuan Formation (youngest zircon age of 439 Ma) formed during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, the Xiashihezi Formation (276 Ma) during the Early Permian, the Shangshihezi (376 Ma) and Shiqianfeng (279 Ma) formations during the Middle–Late Permian, the Ermaying Group (232 Ma) and Shangyoufangzhuang Formation (230 and 210 Ma) during the Late Triassic, the Jurassic unnamed formation (154 Ma) during the Late Jurassic, and the Cretaceous unnamed formation (158 Ma) during the Early Cretaceous. These results, together with previously published data, indicate that: (1) Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones were sourced from the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO); (2) Lower Permian sandstones were formed mainly from material derived from the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) on the northern margin of the NCC with only minor material from the NQO; (3) Middle–Upper Permian sandstones were derived primarily from the NQO, with only a small contribution from the YYOB; (4) Upper Triassic sandstones were sourced mainly from the YYOB and contain only minor amounts of material from the NQO; (5) Upper Jurassic sandstones were derived from material sourced from the NQO; and (6) Lower Cretaceous conglomerate was formed mainly from recycled earlier detritus.The provenance shift in the Upper Carboniferous–Mesozoic sediments within the study area indicates that the YYOB was strongly uplifted twice, first in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the NCC during the Early Permian, and subsequently in relation to collision between the southern Mongolian Plate and the northern margin of the NCC during the Late Triassic. The three episodes of tectonic uplift of the NQO were probably related to collision between the North and South Qinling terranes, northward subduction of the Mianlue Ocean Plate, and collision between the Yangtze Craton and the southern margin of the NCC during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Middle–Late Permian, and Late Jurassic, respectively. The southern margin of the central NCC was rapidly uplifted and eroded during the Early Cretaceous.     

The Silurian rocks of the Tortworth Inlier,Gloucestershire

The Silurian succession in the Tortworth Inlier includes strata belonging to the three main divisions of the System. The Upper Llandovery, which rests unconformably on Tremadoc beds, consists of about 700 ft. (213 m.) of fine-grained sandstones, mudstones and shales with two igneous bands. The Wenlock Series is represented by some 800 ft. (244 m.) of mudstones, siltstones and calcareous sandstones with impersistent limestone bands at various horizons. The Ludlow succession is incomplete, but at least 300 ft. (91 m.) of mudstones, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones are present, and they pass up conformably into the Downtonian.     

塔里木盆地塔中32井中上奥陶统内潮汐沉积

塔里木盆地塔中32井的中、上奥陶统钻遇厚度为1 462 m。它是一套巨厚的深灰色泥岩、页岩与灰色砂岩、粉砂岩互层夹少量灰岩的地层。其中深灰色泥岩、页岩最多；砂岩和粉砂岩主要分布于上部和下部，中部砂岩和粉砂岩较少；鲕粒灰岩数量少，主要夹于深灰色泥页岩中。这些砂岩和鲕粒灰岩既可单独成层，但更常见它们与深灰色泥页岩组合成薄互层。薄互层中发育脉状、波状和透镜状层理，并普遍发育交错层理和双向交错纹理。这些特征表明砂岩和鲕粒灰岩为深水斜坡上的内潮汐沉积的产物。这些内潮汐沉积进一步划分为4种类型：双向交错纹理细砂岩型、单向交错层和双向交错纹理中-细砂岩型、韵律性砂泥岩薄互层型和鲕粒灰岩型。它们具有5种垂向沉积层序，在剖面上常形成多旋回韵律性沉积组合。     

塔里木盆地西南地区白垩系沉积相特征

塔西南白垩系发育,可分为上、下两统。下白垩统克孜勒苏群可分4段,多以陆相沉积为主,富含棕红色砂砾岩夹少许砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和砾岩。上白垩统英吉沙群为海陆相并存,库克拜组可分2段,常见泥岩、膏岩和海相化石;乌依塔格组多为红色泥岩、泥质粉砂岩夹砂岩;依格孜牙组多见灰岩、白云质灰岩,富含海相化石;吐依洛克组为棕红色泥岩、石膏和砂、砾岩,含海相化石。通过勾勒9个岩性单元的沉积相展布,分析昆仑山前白垩纪的沉积环境演化过程。克孜勒苏群西区多为陆相快速堆积,东区远离陆源为三角洲和滨岸沉积,具有宽泛的冲积扇—辫状河三角洲相分布。库克拜组总体显示为辫状河三角洲—潮坪相变的过程;乌依塔格组以潮坪为主;依格孜牙组表现为碳酸盐岩台地—台地边缘的演化;吐依洛克组为宽广潮坪。     

Depositional history and stratigraphical evolution of the Sakamena group (Middle Karoo Supergroup) in the southern Morondava Basin, Madagascar

The Karoo Supergroup in Madagascar is subdivided into three lithostratigraphical units: the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian Sakoa Group; the Late Permian-Middle Triassic Sakamena Group; and the Triassic-Early Jurassic Isalo Group. The Sakamena Group is fairly well exposed in the southern Morondava Basin, where it is approximately 4000 m thick. The Sakamena Group is separated from the Sakoa Group by an angular unconformity. The Lower Sakamena Formation is characterised by two major facies associations: (1) interbedded muddy conglomerates and coarse sandstones; and (2) interbedded sandstones and mudstones, which were deposited in a rejuvenated rift setting by coarse-grained fluvial systems and debris flows on the rift margins. In the Vatambe area, facies represent fandelta deposition in a saline lake or tongue of the ocean. The Middle Sakamena Formation comprises three major facies: (1) laminated mudstones and sandstones; (2) sandstones; and (3) mudstones. The Middle Sakamena facies were deposited by low gradient meandering streams and in shallow lakes. The Upper Sakamena Formation was deposited in similar environments, except that it is comprised predominantly of red beds. The Isalo Group consists predominantly of coarse-grained sandstones (up to 6000 m thick). These sandstones were deposited by braided streams with the coarse detritus derived from a structural uplift in the east.