石炭纪以来地磁场倒转速率与地球动力学

本文在地磁极性年表、磁性地层学基础上分析地磁场倒转速率自石炭纪以来的变化特征与地核/下地慢耦合关系,并吸收前人有关真极移方面的研究成果,进一步讨论地磁场倒转速率、真极移速率、下/上地幔对流以及岩石圈动力学过程的关系,以及与东亚岩石圈动力学过程可能存在的联系。      

高精度地层划分对比的可靠方法——磁性地层学研究

地球磁场的形成一直在变化中,既有千年尺度有规律的周期性的长期变化,又有几千年至百万年尺度的地磁场极性倒转变化.了解地磁场的变化规律,就可以从记录在不同时代岩石单元中的磁性特征推测其形成时代.磁性地层学就是利用岩石剩余磁性纪录地磁场变化特征解决地层问题的一门科学.它既是古地磁学与地层学交叉产生的边缘学科,也是古地磁学和地层学的分支学科.     

地球磁极倒转的星地碰撞成因

地球磁场多次发生南北(正负)磁极位置的变换, 即极性倒转, 这已为大家所公认; 但造成这种极性倒转的原因, 则是迄今未能很好解答的一个难题.基于地球磁场的发电机效应理论和星地碰撞的动力效应研究, 探讨了外星撞击地球造成地磁场极性倒转的可能性.研究表明, 当外星沿与地球自转的正逆不同方向撞击地球时引起的地球转速快慢变化, 可导致地球内部核、幔圈层之间的转速相对快慢关系(相对运动方向)发生改变, 从而受其控制的液核涡旋方向及相应的地磁场方向也会随之改变, 于是就形成地磁极性倒转.这是一个新的思路, 它给地磁极性倒转提出了一个简明的动力机制解释.      

布容-松山极性倒转事件的海陆地质记录及其不同步性探讨

布容-松山（B／M）极性倒转事件是第四纪发生的最近一次地磁极性倒转,研究地磁极性倒转的特征不仅对理解地磁场演化规律具有重要意义,同时极性倒转通常具有全球等时性,因此常被视为地层划分和全球气候对比的关键时间标记物。然而古地磁研究表明,布容-松山事件在海洋与中国黄土沉积物中的记录存在着“错位”现象,使得基于磁性地层年代框架...     

古地磁场研究:挑战与机遇

地磁场源于地核流体的运动,至少已有约35亿年历史。地磁场的起源及演化一直是地球科学研究的前沿领域之一,这是因为它既是地球宜居环境的重要保障,也是探究地球系统各圈层联系的重要途径。本文重点围绕保留在岩石中的"深时"古地磁场记录,分析在地球内部磁场的形成与维持、地磁场极性倒转、以及地磁场强度变化等古地磁场研究三个方面的主要进展及面临的挑战。同时,结合古地磁测试技术的革新,磁发电机实验和超算模拟的应用,生物磁学的发展,阐述古地磁与地质学多学科交叉研究有望在揭示古地磁场变化及其对生物演化方面的贡献。对古地磁场变化的研究不仅有助于理解地磁场的起源与演化规律,也对认识地球的早期演化,甚至其它行星的演化有重要意义。     

云南梅树村前寒武系—寒武系界线层型候选剖面的古地磁研究

梅树村剖面,已被推荐为国际前寒武系—寒武系界线层型候选剖面。本文论述了对该剖面进行的古地磁研究,在剖面的碳酸盐及磷酸盐台地相地层中,依次采集了159块古地磁样品。热退磁结果表明:剖面中的大多数岩石已被现今地磁场强烈重磁化,但仍有57块样品保存有呈互为对踱的剩磁方向(平均D/l=4.2°/7.1°,K=9,α_(95)=6.6。),并计算出古地磁极位置为68.8°N,270.7°E。这与华南年轻的显生宙岩石所得到的极位置皆不一样。该项研究的结果构成一极性带,至少有9次倒转。此极性带与苏联西伯利亚,澳大利亚及美国西部所获得的资料对比,都共同显示出以频繁的极性倒转为特征。     

新疆南天山科克苏河地区构造变形特征

本文通过对南天山科克苏河地区构造变形特征的研究，总结出会聚板块边界造山运动过程中构造变形的演化规律为：造山运动早期，板块俯冲作用促成俯冲杂岩发生蓝片岩相变质作用的同时，发育深层次韧性挤压变形构造；俯冲作用停止后，蓝片岩抬升、拆返过程中遭受韧性挤压变形叠加；造山运动晚期，则发育大规模韧性逆冲构造和韧性平滑走滑构造；造山运动末期，发育浅层次韧脆性开阔褶皱、区域性同斜倒转褶皱及逆冲断层。     

第四纪沉积物的磁性与中国黄土

概述在古地磁和岩石磁学研究中,海陆第四纪沉积物磁性是一个独具魅力的研究领域。它不仅为研究地磁场的时、空特性提供关键数据,而且为几百万年来的地质演化提供重要信息。例如,第四纪沉积物记录了发生于大约0.73MaB.P.布容/松山极性时地磁转换时地磁场的特性。目前,从南、北两半球获得的古地磁转换数据可以用来验证地磁场的倒转     

构造地质,区域地质以地变划分我国北部地质之我见

岩浆论者将火山作用,地震,造山运动等之主要原因均归于地下岩浆之活动。在我国北部(及东北之南部)于地质时代可分为四次之主要岩浆活动期,各若浆活动期代表主要之造山运动期,造山运动期与造山运动期之间有造陆运动期。各造陆运动期即地向斜形成的时代,有很厚之水成岩层地积,本人以造山运动及造陆运动,火山作用为基础划分我国北部之地质如下表:     

核转变能与理论地质年表

本文讨论了地球内部长寿期放射性同位素衰变能的存量 ,给出地球脉动频率和频数公式 ,并据以重新建立了理论地质年表 ,解释了地球自转变化、地磁场倒转和黄赤交角变化等。     

Geological Evidence for the Presence of the Emperor Event in China

The presence of the reversals of the geomagnetic field within the Brunhes is indicated by paleomagnetic stuides on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, loess strata and Quaternary marine sediments in the Pearl River Mouth basin in China. These regional reversals occured at 0.58±0.13 Ma, 0.45 Ma and 0.47—0.48 Ma respectively according to the results of K-Ar isotopic dating and climatostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. The reversals equivalent to the Emperor Event is suggested.The reversals revealed in different regions with various lithologic characters in China prove that the Emperor Event is a global reversal event rather than a geomagnetic excursion, and its confirmation will permit a precise definition of the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary.     

The Earth’s magnetic field history for the past 400 Myr

Published and new data on the Earth’s past magnetic field have been interpreted in terms of its links with the frequency of magnetic polarity reversals and with tectonic events such as plume-related eruptions and rifting. The paleointensity and reversal frequency variations show an antiphase correlation between 0 and 160 Ma, and the same tendency likely holds for the past 400 Myr. The geomagnetic field intensity averaged over geological ages (stages) appears to evolve in a linearly increasing trend while its variations increase proportionally in amplitude and change in structure. Both paleointensity and reversal frequency patterns correlate with rifting and eruption events. In periods of high rifting activity, the geomagnetic field increases (15 to 30%) and the reversals become about 40% less frequent. Large eruption events between 0 and 150 Ma have been preceded by notable changes in magnetic intensity which decreases and then increases, the lead being most often within a few million years.     

Over how much time should the geomagnetic field be averaged to obtain the mean-palaeomagnetic field?

Average geomagnetic field models are now available over six orders of magnitude in time. Models based on Present and historical, archaeomagnetic and palaeomagnetic data illustrate how the amplitudes of secular variation of nonaxial dipole terms strongly decrease as a function of averaging window, mostly when jumping from the 1-yr to the 1700-yr average. The mean archaeomagnetic field bridges the gap between the complex historical field and the far simpler palaeomagnetic field, and appears to be much closer to the latter. Confidences in average field coefficients based on statistical field models give a quantitative basis to the practice of averaging data over a few millenia in order to 'suppress secular variation'. In particular, the axial quadrupole emerges from noise when the available time series exceed about 6 kyr. This happens to be close to the timescales of excursions and reversals. It is now a priority to obtain detailed data spanning the last 50 kyr.     

Evidence of a possible north-south shift of the western sector of the African plate—Discussion

A negative anomaly in the vertical magnetic field component at a site in Nigeria has recently been interpreted by Oni in terms of a possible north-south shift of the western sector of the African plate. In this paper, comments are made under the headings of magnetic field reversals, polar wander and secular variation, which cast doubt on Oni's interpretation.     

NEW MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC RESULTS FROM TERTIARY SEDIMENTS OF THE HOH XIL BASIN, NORTHERN QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CENOZOIC TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE TIBET PLATEAU

NEW MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC RESULTS FROM TERTIARY SEDIMENTS OF THE HOH XIL BASIN, NORTHERN QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CENOZOIC TECTONIC HISTORY OF THE TIBET PLATEAU     

Sources for geomagnetism—a comparative study of models

The paper proposes—and argues in favor of an alternative model to account for the dipole geomagnetic field in which a hitherto unrecognized piezomagnetic effect is the actual cause. This model offers a plausible explanation for the observed field reversals, the westward drift, and the secularly decreasing field strength. It is consistent with recent satellite data, and capable of generalization to planets other than Earth. It also accounts for the fact that the dipole axis is displaced from the geographic axis, and that the center of the dipole is displaced from the geographic center.     

Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons by Burruss and Laughrey (Organic Geochemistry 41, 1285–1296) – Discussion

This discussion reevaluates the data provided by Burruss and Laughrey (2010) (Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas: Evidence for limits to the stability of hydrocarbons. Organic Geochemistry 41, 1285–1296). It indicates that gas diffusive migration plays an important role in regulating the isotopic reversals in samples from the Silurian and Ordovician formations in the Appalachian Basin. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic reversals in deep basin gas cannot be attributed to the stability of hydrocarbons in shale-gas and tight-sand-gas accumulations, if gas diffusive migration in the subsurface is not considered.     

Structure and Features of the Galactic Magnetic-Field Reversals Formation

At the present time, the induction of several microgauss in large-scale fields of the Galaxy has been repeatedly confirmed. There are numerous arguments in favor of the fact that the magnetic field exhibits so-called reversals associated with a direction change from one region to another. Such configurations are allowed in the nonlinear equations context of the dynamo theory, which describes the large-scale magnetic-field evolution. In the present study, reversals are modeled using the so-called no-z approximation based on the fact that the galactic disk is sufficiently thin. The magnetic field generation that exhibit both single and double sign changes with distance from the center is observed. From an observational point of view, one of the main methods for studying magnetic fields is to gauge the Faraday rotation measure of radio waves coming from pulsars. Its value can characterize the integral magnitude of the magnetic field, and the sign indicates its direction. A study of the pulsar distribution with large Faraday rotation measures ($$\left| {RM} \right| > 200$$ rad/m2) is presented. The results indicate that there is a region of $$4.8\;{\text{kpc}} < r < 7.3\;{\text{kpc}}$$ in the Galaxy in which the magnetic field is oriented counterclockwise. At the ring edges, the magnetic field reverses its direction. These results are in close agreement both with theoretical concepts and other studies dedicated to the structure observations of the magnetic field in the Galaxy.     

基性-超基性岩浆成岩和成矿过程中Soret效应的研究进展

综述了当前对基性-超基性岩床和层状岩体的边缘反转现象的传统解释模型,包括围岩混染、岩浆多期注入、岩浆分层、过冷却、晶体沉降、流动分异、结晶和成分对流以及逐渐减少的颗粒间熔体量。详细论述了这些模型的优缺点,认为Soret效应是目前对边缘反转现象比较合适的解释,讨论了中国峨眉山大火成岩省朱布岩体的Soret成矿现象。     

The Earth's inner core

The Earth's inner core has been the focus of much attention in recent years — its evolution, when it began to form and how quickly it grew, and what role it plays in the generation and reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. It has also been found that it is elastically anisotropic and, even more surprisingly, that it is rotating faster than the rest of the Earth.