深源包体中的含水高压矿物组合

河北汉诺坝碱性玄武岩中的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体是一种粗粒结构的岩石。在其主要造岩矿物——橄榄石和二辉石矿物的颗粒之间,发现一种呈板状或填隙状的褐色含水细粒矿物集合体。这种集合体主要由含水镁硅酸盐和橄榄石的高压相——林伍德石(Ringwoodite)组成,其次分散着细粒的金红石和少量尖晶石等,组成了一种极为少见的含水高压矿物组合。     

云南剑川金河岩体中地幔流体交代特征及其成矿意义

云南剑川金河岩体中的硅化霓辉正长斑岩含有较多的镁铁-超镁铁质深源岩石包体.岩相学研究表明,伴随交代蚀变,其主岩和各类包体岩石中普遍发育沿矿物粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解离纹贯入或穿插的呈网状和细脉浸染状分布的黑色不透明物质.对该物质进行了电子探针及扫描电镜和能谱分析,发现其组成以微晶硅酸盐矿物为主,含少量微晶石英,尤其是含有微晶地幔标型矿物--含钛磁铁矿(或镜铁矿)和含铬自然铁;后两者与硅酸盐矿物构成超显微熔离结构交生.研究认为,这种物质组成和特征,是具超临界和熔浆性质的地幔流体的微观表现,其活动所引发的交代蚀变表现为硅化、钠化及深源包体中的暗色矿物由辉石→角闪石→黑云母的退变序列.这一地幔流体作用微观踪迹的揭示,对于分析和论证滇西地区新生代多金属成矿的深部地质作用规律具有重要的理论和现实意义.     

地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。     

云南六合富碱斑岩和包体岩石的显微岩相学与地幔流体作用示踪研究

云南六合霓辉正长斑岩含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质包体以及特殊的富铁熔浆包体.岩相学研究表明,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩石和各类包体中普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的呈网状和细脉浸染状分布的黑色不透明物质——富铁微晶玻璃,其性质与富铁熔浆包体类似;对该类物质采用电子探针及扫描电镜和能谱分析,发现它们是一种纳米-微米级的超显微隐晶固体,其组成以硅酸盐和石英为主,尤其含有地幔标型矿物碳硅石、自然铁和钛铁矿等;这些矿物间构成超显微熔离结构交生.研究认为,这种物质组成和特征是具超临界和熔浆性质的地幔流体作用的现实微观踪迹,其活动引发的交代蚀变表现为碱性蚀变和硅化并伴随不同程度的金属矿化,以及寄主岩石和包体中暗色矿物由辉石→角闪石→黑云母→绿泥石的退变序列.稀土和微量元素地球化学研究表明,霓辉正长斑岩及其包体和富铁熔浆包体具有相似的富集轻稀土元素和 Ce 负异常以及富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素的特征.本文综合研究认为,富铁微晶玻璃和富铁熔浆包体是起源于富集地幔,但独立于富碱岩浆并被富碱岩浆裹挟的成分不混溶产物.它们是地幔流体作用现实微观踪迹的两种表现形式,是引发壳幔物质混染并导致寄主岩石和包体中交代蚀变和金属矿化的重要物质源和动力源.     

一个辉长苏长岩包体的矿物及其成因研究

本文论述的玄武岩中辉长苏长岩包体的暗色矿物可分三组:Ⅰ组的普通辉石含钙低(Wo 27.8),晶出于1301℃。Ⅱ组的普通辉石形成于约1000℃。含大量(≥20%)形态多样斜方辉石出溶片晶,且具有(110)出溶。第Ⅲ组普通辉石亦形成于约1000℃。根据矿物结构及成分,可以认为一些暗色矿物集合体是尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的碎块,进入岩浆后与高温岩浆反应生成辉石Ⅱ,同时岩浆局部镁含量得以提高,成为辉长苏长岩成分。包体矿物所反映的包体形成及岩浆运移的过程是:岩浆上升至100km,辉石Ⅰ晶出。岩浆携带着捕获的地慢岩碎块上升至70—80km的岩浆房作长时间的停留,辉石Ⅱ在此出溶大量片晶,同时岩浆进行高压分异,最后形成包体。     

云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体中橄榄石的矿物化学

分析了云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体主体岩石及包体中橄榄石矿物的化学成分。结果显示,不同类型岩石中橄榄石的矿物化学成分之间具有较好的线性关系;橄榄辉石岩包体中橄榄石的Fo值最高,其亚种属靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石;从霞霓钠辉岩→霓霞岩→磷霞岩,橄榄石的Fo值逐渐降低,其亚种从靠近镁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→靠近透铁橄榄石端元的贵橄榄石→低铁镁铁橄榄石。这些特征表明,本区三类主体岩石为岩浆结晶分异作用的产物;橄榄辉石岩包体为Ⅱ类包体,可能为杂岩体原始岩浆早期结晶分异作用所形成的堆积岩碎块。     

湘南西山花岗岩质火山岩-侵入杂岩中发现超镁铁岩包体

对湘南西山花岗质火山-侵入杂岩中的超镁铁岩包体产状与矿物组成特征研究中发现：包体与寄主岩石的界限清楚,主要由铁橄榄石和铁辉石组成,还有少量磁铁矿和磷灰石。在花岗质岩石中出现这种特殊类型包体具有重要地质意义。     

铜陵中酸性侵入岩同源包体特征及岩浆动力学

铜陵地区中生代中酸性侵入岩的钙碱性系列岩石中,发育同源浅源包体(闪长质微粒包体),而碱性系列岩石中发育同源深源包体(辉石岩和角闪石岩)。它们在矿物化学、稀土微量元素地球化学特征方面与其寄主岩石具有相似性,但在形成的物理化学条件和岩浆动力学特征方面存在一定的差异。反映了它们是同源岩浆在不同岩浆作用阶段的产物,即深源包体来自深位岩浆房中的堆积岩碎块,而浅源包体则来自浅位岩浆房的冷凝边碎块。     

球粒陨石中富Al球粒的氧同位素组成与形成演化过程

球粒陨石中的富Ca、Al包体(简称CAIs)主要由一些富Ca、Al的硅酸盐和氧化物(如尖晶石和黄长石等)组成,是目前已知的太阳系最古老的固体物质(4567.2±0.6 Ma;4567.30±0.16 Ma);球粒的矿物组成以镁铁质硅酸盐(如橄榄石和低Ca辉石等)为主,明显经历过熔融结晶过程.CAIs及其构成矿物具有最富...     

陕西宁强海泡石粘土及其找矿标志

海泡石是一种含水的镁硅酸盐矿物,在自然界中分布不广,而且很少形成大量堆积,是一种稀缺的粘土矿产.它具有一系列有别于其他粘土矿物的物化性能和工业用途.近年来,海泡石类粘土矿物已日益广泛地应用     

Composite carbonate and silicate multiphase solid inclusions in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh‐P eclogite in the Dabie orogen

Composite multiphase solid (MS) inclusions composed of carbonate and silicate minerals have been found for the first time in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh‐P eclogite from the Dabie orogen. These inclusions are morphologically euhedral to subhedral, and some show relatively regular shapes approaching the negative crystal shape of the host garnet. Radial fractures often occur in garnet hosting the inclusions. The inclusions are primarily composed of variable proportions of carbonate and silicate minerals such as calcite, quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclase, with occasional occurrences of magnetite, zircon and barite. They are categorized into two groups based on the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases. Group I is carbonate‐dominated with variable proportions of silicate minerals, whereas Group II is silicate‐dominated with small proportions of carbonates. Trace element analysis by LA‐ICPMS for the two groups of MS inclusions yields remarkable differences. Group I inclusions exhibit remarkably lower REE contents than Group II inclusions, with significant LREE enrichment and large fractionation between LREE and HREE in the chondrite‐normalized REE diagram. In contrast, Group II inclusions show rather flat REE patterns with insignificant fractionation between LREE and HREE. In the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram, Group I inclusions exhibit positive anomalies of Zr and Hf, whereas Group II inclusions show negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. Nevertheless, both groups exhibit positive anomalies of Ba, U, Pb and Sr, but negative anomalies of Nb and Ta, resembling the composition of common continental crust. Group I inclusions have higher Ba and U contents than Group II inclusions. Combined with petrological observations, the two groups of MS inclusions are interpreted as having crystallized from composite silicate and carbonate melts during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. The differences in trace element composition between the two groups are primarily attributed to the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases in the MS inclusions. The silicate melts were derived from the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as paragonite and phengite, whereas the occurrence of carbonate melts indicates involvement of carbonate minerals in the partial melting and thus has great bearing on recycling of supracrustal carbon into the mantle. The coexistence of silicate and carbonate melts in the eclogitic garnet provides insights into the nature of hydrous melts in the subduction factory.     

地幔中水的存在形式和含水量

水以含水变质矿物、无水硅酸盐矿物(橄榄石、辉石等)及其高压结构相(β橄榄石、γ橄榄石、钙钛矿相、方镁铁矿等)、高密度含水镁硅酸盐和熔体的形式存在于地幔各层圈中。根据各类玄武岩水含量推断出的上地幔源区的水含量,和由地幔岩主要矿物———橄榄石的水含量估算出的上地幔水含量(质量分数)很接近,在0.02%左右。以橄榄石和辉石高压相的水含量为依据,进行了过渡带和下地幔水含量的估算,其结果是:过渡带和下地幔上部的水含量(质量分数)为1.48%,下地幔下部水含量(质量分数)为0.21%。据此,计算出的地幔各层圈的总水量表明,地幔水的74%以上存在于过渡带和下地幔上部。将地幔总水量和现代海洋总水量之和作为地球总水量,计算出现代海洋总水量约占全球总水量(质量分数)的6.6%,这个结果与笔者根据地球的球粒陨石成分模型计算出的总水量(6%)十分接近。     

Trace element compositions of submicroscopic inclusions in coated diamond: A tool for understanding diamond petrogenesis

Trace element compositions of submicroscopic inclusions in both the core and the coat of five coated diamonds from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire) have been analyzed by Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Plasma Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Both the diamond core and coat inclusions show a general 2-4-fold enrichment in incompatible elements relative to major elements. This level of enrichment is unlikely to be explained by the entrapment of silicate mantle minerals (olivine, garnet, clinopyroxene, phlogopite) alone and thus submicroscopic fluid or glass inclusions are inferred in both the diamond coat and in the gem quality diamond core. The diamond core fluids have elevated High Field Strength Element (Ti, Ta, Zr, Nb) concentrations and are enriched in U relative to inclusions in the diamond coats and relative to chondrite. The core fluids are also moderately enriched in LILE (Ba, Sr, K). Therefore, we suggest that the diamond cores contain inclusions of silicate melt. However, the Ni content and Ni/Fe ratio of the trapped fluid are very high for a silicate melt in equilibrium with mantle minerals; high Ni and Co concentrations in the diamond cores are attributed to the presence of a sulfide phase coexisting with silicate melt in the diamond core inclusions. Inclusions in the diamond coat are enriched in LILE (U, Ba, Sr, K) and La over the diamond core fluids and to chondrite. The coats have incompatible element ratios similar to natural carbonatite (coat fluid: Na/Ba ≈0.66, La/Ta≈130). The coat fluid is also moderately enriched in HFSE (Ta, Nb, Zr) when normalized to chondritic Al. LILE and La enrichment is related to the presence of a carbonatitic fluid in the diamond coat inclusions, which is mixed with a HFSE-rich hydrous silicate fluid similar to that in the core. The composition of the coat fluid is consistent with a genetic link to group 1 kimberlite.     

Subduction of lithospheric upper mantle recorded by solid phase inclusions and compositional zoning in garnet: Example from the Bohemian Massif

This paper presents monomineral and multiphase inclusions in garnet from eclogites and clinopyroxenites, which form layers and boudins in garnet peridotites from two areas in the Moldanubian zone of the Bohemian Massif. The garnet peridotites occur in felsic granulites and reached UHP conditions prior to their granulite facies overprint. In addition to complex compositional zoning, garnets from hosting eclogites and clinopyroxenites preserve inclusions of hydrous phases and alkali silicate minerals including: amphiboles, chlorites, micas and feldspars. Amphibole, biotite and apatite inclusions in garnet have a high concentration of halogens; CO₂ and sulfur are involved in carbonates and sulfide inclusions, respectively. The inclusion patterns and compositional zoning in garnet in combination with textural relations among minerals, suggest that the ultramafic and mafic bodies are derived from lithospheric mantle above the subduction zone and were transformed into garnet pyroxenites and eclogites in the subduction zone. Based on compositional, mineral and textural relations, all of these rocks along with the surrounding crustal material were overprinted by granulite facies metamorphism during their exhumation.     

地幔岩中不同产状的流体-熔体包裹体及地幔流体交代作用

地幔捕虏体中存在不同产状的熔体包裹体和各种硅酸盐玻璃相,包括主矿物内部的蠕虫状、长圆形、圆形、不规则状包裹体(I型)、边部的连通的管状包裹体(T型)、主矿物边部和粒间的片状熔融体——“浆胞”(C型),三者可见明显过渡关系,它们是地幔流体交代地幔岩石过程中由交代重熔形成的,是研究地幔流体的特征和地幔交代作用的对象之一,从I型、T型到C型,其成分呈规律变化,其中S、Cu、Ni,K、Na含量呈明显的降低趋势．包裹体中玻璃相的成分较主矿物富Si、Al、S、Cu、Ni、K和Na,再加上C02包裹体的发现,表明地幔流体的成分富碱金属、Si、Al、S、Cu、Ni和CO2,地幔交代作用可以使交代产物中Si、Al含量升高而形成中酸性岩浆,也可由于硫化物熔体聚集而形成矿浆．不同地区的地幔流体性质可能存在差异,这些不同性质的地幔流体町能与不同类型的地幔成矿作用有关．     

蛇绿岩中铬铁岩母岩浆的富Ca特征:矿物包裹体证据

铬铁矿作为蛇绿岩中的重要矿产,其成矿母岩浆性质及演化一直存在较大争议.铬铁矿的矿物包裹体同时或先于铬铁矿结晶,其成分和类别能很好地记录成矿母岩浆性质和演化过程.土耳其Pozant?-Karsant?蛇绿岩不同类型铬铁岩的铬铁矿中发现了多种类型包裹体:不含水硅酸盐矿物（如橄榄石和单斜辉石）、含水硅酸盐矿物（如角闪石和金云母）、复合型矿物包裹体（如蛇纹石、硅灰石和单斜辉石的复合型包裹体）和不常见矿物（如磷灰石、铂族元素硫化物）.含水矿物包裹体的出现以及矿物的高Mg#特征（如橄榄石Fo=95.4~97.1;单斜辉石Mg#=92.0~99.9;角闪石Mg#=88.9~99.8）表明结晶铬铁矿的母岩浆具有富水、富Mg的特征.同时,除钙铬榴石和磷灰石的包裹体外,在铬铁矿中首次发现富Ca矿物方解石和硅灰石,其中方解石和菱镁矿以复合型包裹体形式产出,硅灰石则分布于蛇纹石矿物包裹体中.这些富Ca矿物的出现以及硅酸盐矿物的高CaO含量均揭示了铬铁岩母岩浆的富Ca特征.母岩浆中的Ca组分可能来源于俯冲板块中富Ca岩石/矿物的部分熔融,Ca离子的大量出现使得Cr3+在熔体中更加稳定,同时富Ca矿物的结晶促进了岩浆中Cr的进一步富集而利于铬铁矿的大量结晶沉淀.      

地幔转换带中的水及其地球动力学意义

综述了近20年国际上地幔转换带中水的研究进展。前人研究表明,地球深部的水主要以OH-(hy-droxyl)形式存储在名义上无水矿物(NAMs)中。高温高压实验研究表明,地幔转换带中的主要矿物均具有较高的储水能力,且在转换带的温压条件下,其储水能力随着温度的升高而降低,其中瓦兹利石(β-Ol)和林伍德石(γ-Ol)的储水能力为2%～3%,超硅石榴子石(Mj)的储水能力为0.1%左右,据此估算地幔转换带的储水能力约为1.2%～1.91%,是地表水总量的3.9～6.2倍;而转换带除外的上地幔和下地幔主要矿物的含水量或储水能力均小于0.1%,因此与上、下地幔相比,地幔转换带可能是地幔的主要储水库。尽管地幔转换带具有较强的储水能力,但对地幔转换带的实际含水量还存在干、湿两方面的地质和地球物理证据和争议。地幔转换带中的水会对转换带中一系列的过程产生重要影响,当水含量增加时,橄榄石(Ol)向β-Ol、γ-Ol分解以及超硅石榴石的分解反应分别向低压、高压和低压方向迁移,从而由橄榄石向β-Ol和γ-Ol分解两个相变反应界定的转换带宽度也会增加;水还会使地幔深部的部分熔融温度降低,熔体的密度降低;同时,水的加入可以很好地解释地幔岩"pyrolite"模型在410km不连续面处产生的与地震波测量不相符突变,也可以解决全地幔对流模式所不能解释的地幔成分分层问题。因此,深入研究和探讨转换带中的水对地球深部动力学过程的影响,包括中国东部地区受太平洋板块深俯冲作用的影响,均具有重要的约束和研究意义。     

D/H ratios of the coexisting phlogopite and richterite from mica nodules and a peridotite in South African kimberlites

The water content and D/H ratio of pairs of phlogopite and richterite in kimberlite samples were measured. The water contents of both minerals were lower than the formula content. On the basis of D/H ratios of the pair, phlogopite and richterite can not be regarded as a simple equilibrium product with respect to hydrogen isotope exchange. It seems impossible to estimate D/H ratio of the mantle water through D/H ratios of the hydrous silicate pairs.     

Genesis of melilitolite from Colle Fabbri: inferences from melt inclusions

Melilite and wollastonite from the Colle Fabbri stock contain silicate melt and silicate-carbonate inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of silicate inclusions are within the magmatic temperature range of mantle ultrabasic melts: about 1,320?±?15 °С. Their composition is melilititic and evolves to the composition of leucite tephrite and phonolite. The composition of silicate-carbonate inclusions are high SiO₂, Ca-rich, enriched in alkalies and are similar to that of inclusions of carbonatite melts in the minerals of melilitolites of other intrusive ultramafic complexes. They are also similar to the compositions of metasomatized travertine covering the melilitolite stock. The presence of primary silicate and silicate-carbonate inclusions evidences that the melilitite magma from which melilitolites of Colle Fabbri crystallized was associated with carbonatite liquid. This liquid was highly fluidized, mobile and aggressive. Actively interacting with overlying travertine, the liquid enriched them with alkalies, aluminosilicates and incompatible elements, which resulted in the equalization of their compositions. Heterogeneous compositional dominions were formed at the contact between melilitolite and wall pelites. In the minerals of these contact facies high-Si melt inclusions of varying composition have been observed. Their occurrence is related to the local assimilation by the high-temperature melilitite magma of pelitic country rocks. The content of incompatible elements in melilitite melts and melilitolites is higher than the mantle norm and they have peculiar indicator ratios, spectra, Eu/Eu^* ratio, which suggest a peculiar mantle source.     

Deep fluids in subduction zones

The fluid inclusions preserved in high and ultrahigh pressure rocks provide direct information on the compositions of fluid phases evolved during subduction zone metamorphism, and on fluid–rock interactions occurring in such deep environments. Recent experiments and petrologic studies of eclogite–facies rocks demonstrate that stability of a number of hydrous phases in all rock systems allows fluid transport into the mantle sources of arc magmas, as well as into much deeper levels of the Earth's mantle. In eclogite–facies rocks, the presence of large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and light rare earths (LREE)-bearing hydrous phases such as epidote and lawsonite, together with HFSE repositories as rutile and other Ti-rich minerals, controls the trace element budget of evolved fluids and fluid-mediated cycling of slab components into the overlying mantle.

Studies of fluid inclusions in eclogite–facies terrains suggest that subduction mainly evolves aqueous solutions, melts being produced only locally. Eclogite-facies rocks diffusely record processes of fluid–melt–rock interactions that exerted considerable control on the element and volatile budget of subduction fluids. Trace element fractionation during such interactions needs to be tested and quantified in more detail to achieve the ultimate compositions actually attained by fluids leaving off the slab. Variably saline inclusions with minor CO₂ and N₂ are trapped in rock-forming high pressure minerals; brines with up to 50% by weight dissolved solute are diffusely found in veins. The latter inclusions are residues after fluid–rock interactions and deposition of complex vein mineralogies: this evidence suggests increased mineral solubility into the fluid and formation, at a certain stage, of silicate-rich aqueous solutions whose geochemical behaviour and transport capacity can approach that of a melt phase. This is supported by experimental work showing high solubility of silicate components in fluids at high pressures. However, natural examples of inclusions trapping such a fluid and quantitative analyses of its major and trace element composition are not yet available.

Fluids in high and very high pressure rocks do not move over large scales and the channelways of fluid escape from the slab are not yet identified. This suggests that only part of the slab fluid is lost and returned to the surface via magmatism; the remaining trapped fraction being subducted into deeper levels of the upper mantle, to renew its budget of substances initially stored in the exosphere.