Some aspects in the development of dynamic meteorology in Russia in 2003–2006

A brief review of the studies performed by Russian scientists in dynamic meteorology in 2003–2006 is presented. This review is based on the material prepared by the Commission on Dynamic Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences and included in the general information report of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences at the 24th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.     

Research in dynamic meteorology in Russia in 2011–2014

This review outlines the most significant results of research in dynamic meteorology performed by Russian scientists in 2011–2014. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was considered and approved at the 26th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).¹ The review is followed by a list of key publications on dynamic meteorology of Russian scientists in 2011–2014.     

Studies of the planetary atmospheres in Russia (2007–2010)

An overview of results obtained in the field of planetary atmosphere studies in Russia in 2007?C2010 prepared by the Commission on Planetary Atmospheres of the National Geophysical Committee for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the XXV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Melbourne, 28 June?C7 July 2011) [1, 2] is presented.     

Russian investigations in the field of atmospheric radiation in 2007–2010

A short survey prepared by the Russian Commission on Atmospheric Radiation contains the most significant results of works in the field of atmospheric-radiation studies performed in 2007–2010. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences prepared for the International Association on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). During this period, the Russian Commission on Atmospheric Radiation, jointly with concerned departments and organizations, ran the conference “Physics and Education,” dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Department of Physics at St. Petersburg State University (2007); the International Symposium of CIS Countries “Atmospheric Radiation and Dynamics” (2009); and the 5th International Conference “Atmospheric Physics, Climate, and Environment” (2010). At the conferences, central problems in modern atmosphere physics were discussed: radiative transfer and atmospheric optics; greenhouse gases, clouds, and aerosols; remote methods of measurements; and new measurement data. This survey presents five directions covering the whole spectrum of investigations performed in the field of atmospheric radiation.     

Results of Russian climate studies in 2007–2010

The results of Russian climate studies conducted in 2007–2010, which are based on the review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Melbourne, June 28–July 7, 2011), are presented. The features of climate anomalies in Russian regions are discussed within the scope of general tendencies of global and regional climate changes on the basis of data obtained from observations, reanalysis, and model simulations in comparison with paleoreconstructions.     

Polar meteorology: Results of Russian research in 2011–2014

A review of the results of Russian polar research performed in 2011–2014 is provided. It is based on material prepared by the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to General Assembly XXVI of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics¹ [1].     

Results of Russian studies of the middle atmosphere, 2007–2010

This paper presents a review of the results from Russian studies of the middle atmosphere in 2007–2010 drawn up by the Commission on the Middle Atmosphere of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Melbourne, Australia, June 28–July 7, 2011).     

Polar meteorology: The results of Russian research in 2003–2006

This publication is a review of the results of Russian polar studies performed in 2003–2006. It is based on material prepared by the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, and included in the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the XXIV General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Perugia, Italy, July 2–13, 2007.     

Variability of the Bering Sea circulation in the period 1992–2010

Sea surface height anomalies observed by satellites in 1992–2010 are combined with monthly climatologies of temperature and salinity to estimate circulation in the southern Bering Sea. The estimated surface and deep currents are consistent with independent velocity observations by surface drifters and Argo floats parked at 1,000?m. Analysis reveals 1–3-Sv interannual transport variations of the major currents with typical intra-annual variability of 3–7?Sv. On the seasonal scale, the Alaskan Stream transport is well correlated with the Kamchatka (0.81), Near Strait (0.53) and the Bering Slope (0.37) currents. Lagged correlations reveal a gradual increase of the time the lags between the transports of the Alaskan Stream, the Bering Slope Current and the Kamchatka Current, supporting the concept that the Bering Sea basin is ventilated by the waters carried by the Alaskan Stream south of the Aleutian Arc and by the flow through the Near Strait. Correlations of the Bering Sea currents with the Bering Strait transport are dominated by the seasonal cycle. On the interannual time scale, significant negative correlations are diagnosed between the Near Strait transport and the Bering Slope and Alaskan Stream currents. Substantial correlations are also diagnosed between the eddy kinetic energy and Pacific Decadal Oscillation.     

Specific features of the distribution of dissolved oxygen in waters of the Sevastopol bay in 2006–2007

We discuss the influence of hydrophysical and biological-chemical processes on the distribution of dissolved oxygen in waters of the Sevastopol bay in various seasons. In the winter period, against the background of low rates of biological-chemical processes, the hydrophysical processes provide the homogeneous distributions of temperature and oxygen. In summer, the hydrophysical processes remain dominant, but the influence of biological-chemical processes becomes noticeable. In the autumn period, the vertical distribution of oxygen is strongly affected by biological-chemical processes.     

Studying the Dynamics of Wildfires in Russia in 2001–2020 Taking into Account Climatic Factors

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The features of large wildfires that occurred in Russia in 2001–2020 were studied on the base of satellite monitoring data. The contribution of...     

Annual change of the gonadal development of the amphioxus in Xiamen

The study was made by observing the annual change of the gonadal development of amphioxus in Xiamen cohtinuously for two years from November, 1986 to November, 1988. We determined the gonadal diameter, gonadosomatic index of each amphioxus, and observed the histological characteristic of the gonadal development of the female and male by cut section, which provided the basis for dividing the stages gonads and the determining level of the gonadal development of amphioxus in each month.     

Catastrophic oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April–May 2010

The evolution of oil pollution in the Gulf of Mexico from April 20 to May 28, 2010, which resulted from the accident on the BP Deepwater Horizon oil platform that occurred on April 20, 2010, is reviewed. The development of the situation was traced on the basis of a joint analysis of optical and radar images (RIs), which proved to be very effective since the optical images made it possible to exclude the areas of calm on the RIs from consideration, and the RIs gave more complete information about dimensions of the areas covered with oil films indiscernible on optical images. It is shown that the mesoscale water dynamics is of prime importance in oil pollution transport in the gulf; therefore, almost all model predictions of a giant oil spill drift were not justified.     

Tendencies in Coccolithophorid Blooms in Some Marine Environments of the Northern Hemisphere according to the Data of Satellite Observations in 1998–2013

Based on the method developed for the delineation of E. huxleyi blooms, a new technique is achieved for (1) the automated detection of E. huxleyi blooms among coexisting massive blooms of microalgae species of other phytoplankton groups and (2) quantifying the boom surface of this type of coccolithophores. As a result, according to the data of the Climate Change Initiative Ocean Colour (OC CCI) for 1998–2013, we have obtained multiyear time series of variability in both the incidence of E. huxleyi bloom and its area in the North, Norwegian, Greenland, Barents, and Bering seas. It is found that E. huxleyi blooms propagate within the intra-annual cycle from the studied middle-latitude marine areas towards the northern areas of the Northern Atlantic Ocean (NAO) and the Arctic Ocean (AO) following the pathways of the main Gulfstream and its branches. It is also found that E. huxleyi blooms are formed annually, initially in the vicinity of the British Islands; then they successively emerge in the northward direction following the western coast of the Great Britain, turn over its northern extremity to reach, firstly, the North Sea (in May), the Norwegian Sea, and finally the Greenland Sea (in June). Then they burst out in the Barents Sea, where the typical period of blooming lasts until late August and, in some years, even to mid-September. We determine the patterns of maximal rates and duration of blooms for each of the seas studied in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. As for the Bering Sea, the temporal and spatial variability in the growth of E. huxleyi has an irregular pattern: after a period of remarkably high expression of this phenomenon in 1998–2001, there was an abrupt decrease in both the number and, especially, extent of bloom areas.     

Variability of the fields of concentration of microelements and strontium in seawater near the South Coast of the Crimea in 2002–2007

We study the space-and-time variability of the concentrations of 27 microelements (Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Se, Sb, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Hf, Hg, Pb, Au, Th, and U) and Sr in the sea, river, and waste waters of the South Coast of Crimea in 2002–2007. Parallel with the data about elements studied earlier, we present, for the first time, the data of investigations of the contents of rareearth elements (Lu, Nd and Yb) whose concentrations in the major part of the analyzed samples of seawater were lower than the limit of their quantitative determination. We present the ranges of the concentrations of elements and perform their comparison with the data of the previous period of monitoring.     

Some Problems in the Design of Breakwaters in Dayaowan Port Area

- In this paper, some problems in the design of the breakwater for Dayaowan port area are described including the optimal selection of the layout plan of the breakwater; the selection of structural type of the breakwater, the concrete block type for bank protection, the reversed L-shape parapet; the elevation of the parapet; the stability test of the whole revetment; as well as wave absorbing effects of the perforated     

Russian investigations in atmospheric chemistry for 2007–2010

This is a brief review of Russian studies in atmospheric chemistry (including tropospheric chemistry, chemistry of the ozone layer, and the role of chemistry in climate change) conducted from 2007 to 2010. The review was prepared by the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science of the National Geophysical Committee.     

Studies of Planetary Atmospheres in Russia (2015–2018)

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A review of the results of planetary atmospheres studies performed by Russian scientists in 2015–2018 prepared in the Commission on planetary...     

Studies of planetary atmospheres in Russia (2011–2014)

This paper presents an overview of the results of planetary atmospheric studies carried out by Russian scientists in 2011–2014. The overview is prepared at the Commission on Planetary Atmospheres of the National Geophysical Committee for the Russian national report on meteorology and atmospheric sciences for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Prague, June 28 to July 07, 2015).