粤西大降坪硫铁矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨

大降坪矿床存在着两种截然不同的矿石类型，Ⅲ号矿体条带状矿石是同生热水沉积作用形成，Ⅳ号矿体块状矿石是后期热液叠加改造形成。两者在微量元素、硫、铅同位素及流体包裹体等地球化学性质方面各具特征。通过矿床地质地球化学等方面研究表明：该矿床为一典型的同生热水沉积－后期热液叠加改造型层控矿床。     

粤西大降坪硫铁矿床地球化学特征及成因探讨

大降坪矿床存在着两种截然不同的矿石类型，Ⅲ号矿体条带状矿石是同生热水沉积作用形成；Ⅳ号矿体块状矿石是后期热液叠加改造形成。两者在微量元素、硫、铅同位素及流体包裹体等地球化学性质方面各具特征。通过矿床地质地球化学等方面研究表明：该矿床为一典型的同生热水沉积－后期热液叠加改造型层控矿床。     

河北武安玉石洼铁矿中磁铁矿特征及其对铁矿床成因指示意义

夕卡岩铁矿床的成因一直以来备受争议,主要有接触交代和矿浆成因等模型。河北武安玉石洼铁矿是邯邢地区主要的夕卡岩铁矿之一,对矿区尖山剖面中的三类磁铁矿成分进行详细研究有助于解决此问题。产于剖面下部玉石洼铁矿主矿体中的磁铁矿以高Ti为特征,而在上部结晶灰岩中矿脉状中磁铁矿以高Si(w(SiO2)>1%)为特点,赋存于中部二长岩矿脉中的磁铁矿具有过渡的成分特征。通过对此三类磁铁矿中主量元素、微量元素研究发现,从下部玉石洼主矿体向上部结晶灰岩中的磁铁矿脉,磁铁矿具有Ti含量逐渐减少而Si、Mg含量逐渐增加的特征。高硅磁铁矿呈自形晶,与方解石平衡共生,其形成与流体有关,很可能是流体晶矿物。磁铁矿FeV/Ti判别图解显示下部玉石洼主矿体中部分磁铁矿具有岩浆成因,二长岩和结晶灰岩中的脉状矿石中磁铁矿具有热液成因,磁铁矿由下部到上部具有岩浆成因过渡为热液成因的连续过程。根据玉石洼矿区磁铁矿的这些特征,我们认为铁矿浆中含有大量流体,应该为“含铁熔体流体”,由于流体超压使“含铁熔体流体流”在岩浆通道中快速上升,至地壳浅部空间就位,在空间上由下部形成高温高Ti磁铁矿过渡为上部形成具有流体晶特征的高Si磁铁矿的岩浆通道成矿系统模型。     

滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积原因

大平掌矿床由上部层状块状硫化物矿体和下部细脉浸染状矿体组成,双层结构清楚。块状矿体中发育典型的草莓状和鲕状硫化物。成矿地质背景和矿石中的金属元素及REE配分形式、S同位素组成、流体包裹体特征等均与黑矿型矿床及现代海底热液活动区硫化物矿床相似。矿床典型的火山喷流沉积成因。     

青城子铅锌矿床成因分析

青城子铅锌矿床是我国北方的大型铅锌矿床,矿区赋矿层位下部产出层状矿体,上部产出脉状及不规则状矿体。经过对矿区矿石及岩石的铅、硫同位素研究表明,层状及脉状矿体成矿物质来源相同,主要来自地层。根据矿区内含硫矿物的组合特征、成矿流体的pH值及含硫矿物δ34S分布特征可以推断矿床成因不属于海相沉积成因。矿石中石英流体包裹体特征表明矿床形成后未遭受区域变质作用,成矿流体的温度180～280℃,流体成分Na+K+,Ca2+Mg2+,K+/Na+为0.66,Ca2+/Mg2+为6.67,(CH4+H2+N2)/CO2值为0.012～0.048,为Na+?Ca2+?Cl-弱还原型溶液,pH值为6.31。流体特征与矿区内的花岗岩相差较大,与变质热液有所差异,经流体的氢氧同位素测定,成矿热液具地热水氢氧同位素特征相似。综合研究表明,矿床的成因与区域变质期后局部地区的的混合岩化作用关系密切,由混合岩化作用分异的气水热液与地下水、层间水等混合后沿早期形成的层间滑脱部位和断裂充填成矿,形成了青城子矿田‘下层上脉’的空间组合。     

阿尔金山喀腊大湾西铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿条件分析

喀腊大湾西铅锌矿床位于阿尔金成矿带红柳沟-拉配泉成矿亚带,矿床产于长城系喀腊大湾组碳酸盐岩中,矿体形成和产出受推覆逆冲断裂控制.赋矿岩石为角砾状白云石化大理岩,具网脉状、角砾状构造.该矿矿床地质特征和矿石结构、构造等具北美密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床基本特征,初步认为矿床成因类型为沉积变质-热液改造型铅锌矿床,具很好找矿前景.     

攀西地区黑石河铁矿矿石特征研究及矿床成因探讨

黑石河铁矿位于攀西地区,其含矿岩体以辉长岩体为主,岩体具弱分异并显示一定的层理构造;矿体呈似层状、透镜状、脉状产。通过对矿石特征研究,认为矿石主要以海绵陨铁结构及浸染状构造为主,矿物组成主要有钛磁铁矿、钛铁矿等金属氧化物、以黄铁矿为主的硫化物,以及辉石等组成。基于矿区主要矿物的结晶阶段及黑石河铁矿石典型的结构构造特征,结合攀西地区其它钒钛磁铁矿床成因研究资料,认为黑石河铁矿床属岩浆晚期分异结晶成因类型。     

岩溶水流方式与成矿作用关系探讨

本文通过论述管道流与扩散流两种主要岩溶水流方式的水动力、水化学特征与成矿的关系,论证水流方式在岩溶成矿作用中的重要作用。此外,通过分析两种水流的运移特点与矿床特征的关系,指出具浸染状、脉状的矿石结构构造和呈似层状、透镜状、脉状产出的矿体多与扩散流有关,具含砾纹层状、角砾状的矿石结构构造、和呈不规则状、囊状产出的矿体多与管道流有关;具不同形态矿体和不同结构构造矿石共存的矿体,则可由不同岩溶水流方式共同作用造成。      

冀南邯邢地区白涧矽卡岩型铁矿磁铁矿成分特征与地质意义

对邯邢地区白涧铁矿矿体和岩体中磁铁矿的成分特征进行详细的成分分析,通过成因矿物学研究认为白涧铁矿矿床主要为接触交代成因,而非矿浆贯入成矿。富铁的岩浆热液在有利的断裂构造条件下充填到接触带和围岩裂隙当中,与碳酸盐围岩发生接触交代作用,形成矽卡岩型矿床。研究发现,矿区内磁铁矿以自形-半自形为主,部分有被赤铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿等矿物交代的现象.围岩蚀变以矽卡岩化和钠长石化为主,具有分带性。矿体磁铁矿与岩体磁铁矿相比表现出富Mg、Mn、Si、Ca贫Fe2+、V、Cr的特征,且与典型的矿浆型磁铁矿成分差别明显。根据成因投图及单位分子中各阳离子数之间的协变图解发现,Mg、Mn与Fe2+、Si与Fe3+呈现明显的负相关,Ca与Si呈现正相关。此外,成矿过程中发生的非氧化还原反应亦可以解释矿区上方出现气孔状矿石的现象,这些成分之间的差异、相关性及发生的非氧化还原反应具有典型矽卡岩型矿床的特征。     

斜长岩体中Fe-Ti-P矿床的特征与成因

岩体型斜长岩为由90%以上斜长石组成的岩浆岩,具变压结晶的特点,仅形成于元古宙(2.1～0.9Ga),常赋存有Fe-Ti-P矿床。Fe-Ti-P矿体既呈整合层状也呈透镜状和席状等不规则形式产出;矿石类型有块状和侵染状,前者矿石矿物含量>70%,后者矿石矿物含量为20%～70%;矿物组成上,不同矿床稍有差别:部分矿床的Fe-Ti氧化物以钛磁铁矿为主、钛铁矿次之,而其他矿床则以赤钛铁矿为主、磁铁矿次之。一些矿床磷灰石含量较高,出现仅由Fe-Ti氧化物和磷灰石组成的铁钛磷灰岩。研究表明,Fe-Ti-P矿床由富Fe、Ti的岩浆演化形成,其母岩浆是在深部岩浆房中大量结晶斜长石后的残余岩浆。部分学者认为不同矿石经正常的结晶分异作用并堆晶形成,但该机制很难解释呈不规则状产出的矿石;其他学者则认为不混熔作用对矿石的富集(尤其是脉状、席状的铁钛磷灰岩)有重要作用,但该机制缺乏岩相学和地球化学方面的证据。河北大庙Fe-Ti-P矿体呈透镜状、席状等不连续地分布于斜长岩中,矿体不发育明显岩浆分层,但仍出现不同矿石的相带。依据详细的岩相学、矿体中矿物含量和成分的变化规律以及全岩地球化学特征,我们判断大庙矿床中不同矿石为堆晶矿物和晶隙流体的混合产物,它们由铁闪长质岩浆经结晶分异和堆晶作用形成,与不混熔作用关系不大。矿体不规则状产出的特点可能与岩浆动力分异作用有关,并伴随有小范围的亚固相迁移。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861