2009年夏季北部湾浮游纤毛虫的丰度和生物量

报道了2009年夏季北部湾A、B两个断面浮游纤毛虫的丰度和生物量。纤毛虫的平均丰度为521±369个·L-1,平均生物量(以碳为单位)为0.63±0.54μg·L-1。表层纤毛虫丰度和生物量的水平分布格局基本一致,高值主要位于湾的北部近岸、西南部近岸及湾中部A5站。两个断面纤毛虫丰度和生物量的垂直分布特点不同,纤毛虫在A断面水体中的垂直分布较均匀,在B断面主要分布在15m层以浅。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫13属20种,其中较为优势的种类为原始筒壳虫Tintinnidium primitivum、薄壳真铃虫Eutintinnus tenuis、三亚条纹虫Rhabdonella sanyahensis、未定种砂壳纤毛虫和斯氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsis schotti,且表现出不同的水平分布和垂直分布规律。     

北部湾海域叶绿素a质量浓度时空分布研究

叶绿素a质量浓度是水体富营养化的重要指标,及时和有效地对水体叶绿素a质量浓度进行监测和评价,对环境保护十分必要。本文基于2011年至2016年的卫星遥感数据,分析了北部湾海表叶绿素a质量浓度的时空分布特征。研究结果表明:北部湾叶绿素a质量浓度有明显的月变化和季节性变化,北部湾叶绿素a月平均质量浓度在8月和1月分别达到峰值,北部湾冬季与夏季的叶绿素a季平均质量浓度高于春季和秋季,夏季北部湾海域表层的叶绿素a质量浓度开始迅速升高,秋季北部湾中南部叶绿素a质量浓度呈下降的趋势。在空间分布上,北部湾近岸海域叶绿素a质量浓度平均水平较高,叶绿素a质量浓度高值区集中在湾北部雷州半岛西部沿岸的浅水区海域,而低值区在湾中部以及湾南部的深水区海域。     

Distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

This study aims to explore the distribution of meiofaunal abundance in relation to environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf,a natural semi-enclosed part of the South China Sea,surrounded by China and Vietnam.Meiofauna and ten benthic environmental factors were determined at 27 sampling stations in the Beibu Gulf in four surveys during 2006-2007.The results show a clear geographical trend in meiofaunal abundance,water depth,salinity and clay content.The meiofaunal abundance and the clay content decreased,whereas the water depth and the salinity increased from the north to the south of the Gulf.The percentage of meiofaunal abundance in the 0-2 cm layer increased,whereas in the 2-5 cm and 5-10 cm layers it decreased from the north to the south of the Gulf.Correlation analysis show significant negative correlations between meiofaunal abundance and water depth,benthic temperature,salinity and pH,but significant positive correlations between meiofaunal abundance and dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll a and clay content.     

南海北部湾东部海域表层沉积物地球化学特征

通过对南海北部湾东部海域61 个站位表层沉积物粒度和地球化学组成的相关分析和因子分析,探讨了其空间分布特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征, 揭示了元素在区域上的分布规律和主控因素。结果表明: 绝大多数常微量元素具有相似的平面分布特征, 而MnO、Zr、CaO 和Sr 空间变异系数较大,在部分区域出现了异常高值, 表明其沉积环境受到正常陆源沉积以外其他因素的影响。元素和Al₂O₃的比值分布特征表明, 广西和海南岛近岸沉积物主要由陆源碎屑沉积组成, 在潮汐和近岸径流作用下,由近岸向远海输送; 而研究区西部海域沉积物主要为来自红河的物质。元素相关分析和因子分析结果表明, 研究区表层沉积物中绝大多数常微量元素主要受沉积物粒度的控制; CaO 和Sr 含量主要受生物活动活跃程度控制; Zr 含量分布主要受控于源区母岩矿物组成以及自源区的搬运距离; 而MnO 含量则受陆源、海底热液以及自生作用等多种来源共同影响。     

泉州市三个海湾浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点

本文根据2007年3月至2008年2月期间在泉州地区3个海湾的调查资料,对其浮性鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布特点进行初步研究和探讨．结果表明,本调查海域共出现鱼卵和仔稚鱼51种（含未定种）,隶属于21科,主要是近岸底层鱼类、近海中上层鱼类和港湾河口型鱼类三个生态类型．各站鱼卵总平均丰度是81．2彬网,仔稚鱼总平均丰度31．0个／网．数量平面分布呈现优势种明显,占总量比例大,不同季节不同海湾差别较大,规律性不强等特点．整体数量上与往年比有下降趋势．     

南海北部湾表层悬浮体分布规律

受实测数据海域位置的限制,目前基于遥感手段对北部湾表层悬浮体的研究,在部分海域如海湾西部精度不高,且缺乏对悬浮体浓度（suspended sediment concentration,SSC）季节变化的研究。基于2003—2017年MODIS-Aqua卫星L1B数据,结合海南岛西部、广西沿岸和越南沿岸实测数据,建立表层SSC的反演模型,获得北部湾海域2003—2017年月均表层SSC分布,并对其影响因素进行初步探讨。结果显示：北部湾表层SSC存在3个终年高值区,包括广西沿岸、海南岛西侧和红河三角洲沿岸;受河流输沙和海洋动力季节变化影响,SSC表现为冬季和夏季较高、春季最低的季节变化特征;热带气旋过境导致北部湾海域SSC增高,其中热带风暴“贝碧嘉”过境时位于路径右侧的雷州半岛西部SSC较多年平均值增幅达75%。     

北部湾金线鱼的数量分布及变化趋势

根据2014年7月～2015年5月进行的四个航次底拖网渔业资源调查数据,分析了北部湾金线鱼(Nemipterusvirgatus)的数量分布特征。结果表明,北部湾金线鱼主要出现在40～100 m水深海域,以80～100 m水深出现频率最高。北部湾金线鱼数量分布存在季节和空间变化,秋季资源密度较其他三个季节低(春季:1.33 kg/km²;夏季:1.34 kg/km²;秋季:0.72 kg/km²;冬季:2.32 kg/km²),资源密度高值区主要出现在湾中部,与其产卵习性相关。分析表明,水深、底层温度和底层盐度是影响金线鱼资源分布的主要原因,但影响因子存在季节差异。与历史调查资料对比发现,50年间金线鱼资源密度波动较大,总体呈下降趋势,亟需加强保护。     

北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究

为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响,2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL,平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低,在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀,在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高,底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响,秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关,在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关,说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关,表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关,二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化,温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。     

Analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of ecological variables and the nutrient budget in the Beibu Gulf

Based on a hydrodynamic-ecological model, the temperature, salinity, current, phytoplankton(Chl a),zooplankton, and nutrient(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN, and dissolved inorganic phosphorous, DIP)distributions in the Beibu Gulf were simulated and the nutrient budget of 2015 was quantitatively analyzed. The simulated results show that interface processes and monsoons significantly influence the ecological processes in the gulf. The concentrations of DIN, DIP, phytoplankton and zooplankton are generally higher in the eastern and northern gulf than that in the western and southern gulf. The key regions affected by ecological processes are the Qiongzhou Strait in winter and autumn and the estuaries along the Guangxi coast and the Red River in summer.In most of the studied domains, biochemical processes contribute more to the nutrient budget than do physical processes, and the DIN and DIP increase over the year. Phytoplankton plays an important role in the nutrient budget; phytoplankton photosynthetic uptake is the nutrient sink, phytoplankton dead cellular release is the largest source of DIN, and phytoplankton respiration is the largest source of DIP. The nutrient flux in the connected sections of the Beibu Gulf and open South China Sea(SCS) inflows from the east and outflows to the south. There are 113 709 t of DIN and 5 277 t of DIP imported from the open SCS to the gulf year-around.     

北部湾后向散射系数的时空分布与变化分析

后向散射系数是固有光学量中散射系数的重要组成部分,在海洋水色遥感反演中具有重要的作用。本文对比分析了北部湾2017年冬季和2018年夏季41个站位点所测得的数据,得到后向散射系数的空间分布以及后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙之间的关系,主要获得如下结论:(1)后向散射系数光谱曲线呈现平缓减少趋势,各个波段的后向散射系数的光谱模型呈乘幂形式;(2)北部湾后向散射系数空间分布特征受潮汐洋流的控制,表现为近岸高值、离岸低值的特征,与黄海、东海等海域后向散射系数空间分布相类似,而且冬季高值区域分布比夏季大;(3)后向散射系数与悬浮泥沙质量浓度相关性较好,其判定系数R²=0.69,可建立与悬浮泥沙质量浓度的关系模型。     

Distribution and dispersal pattern of clay minerals in surface sediments, eastern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea

Clay minerology of sediments are useful in determining distribution,sources and dispersal routes of fine-grained sediments.In the present paper,clay minerals of surface sediments throughout the eastern part of Beibu Gulf has been investigated to reveal sources and transport of detrital finegrained sediments.Four distinct clay mineral suites were observed from cluster analysis of clay mineral compositions of the samples.From the distribution pattern of clay minerals,we conclude that kaolinte in the eastern gulf is mainly derived from South China Landmass;Smectite could not be transported mainly by surface current from north-western Hainan Island,and maybe minor portion of it from Red River;Illite is mainly transported by the currents from South China Sea.Chlorite has two sources,namely South China Sea and South China Landmass.The Zhujiang River derived sediments could not be one of the sources for the clay mineral here,because of very different composition and ratios.The distribution pattern of clay minerals in the eastern Beibu Gulf is mainly controlled by fine-grained sediment source and local currents.The Silt/Clay,Smectite/Kaolinte,and Smetite/(Chlorite+Illite) ratios could be used as indicators of fine-grained sediment dispersal in the gulf.     

The new institutional arrangements for fisheries management in Beibu Gulf

China and Vietnam have recently signed two bilateral agreements to deal with maritime issues in Beibu Gulf. One is the maritime boundary delimitation agreement, and the other the fisheries agreement. The two parties have also formulated a supplementary protocol to the latter agreement. All of them have entered into force on 30 June 2004. This article introduces the new arrangements for fisheries management initiated by the two countries, focusing especially on the Joint Fishery Committee established by the two parties, the contracting waters covered by the fisheries agreement, and the conservation and management measures for the Gulf's fisheries. The challenges likely confronted by China after this institutional change takes place are analyzed. A brief comparison is drawn among the three effectual fisheries agreements signed by China, respectively, with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Finally, as for the future of fisheries management in the Gulf some recommendations are made.     

北部湾沿岸海区设计波浪的确定

本文基于北部湾沿岸海区多年的实测资料，于不同海区主浪向和次主浪向分别取年极值波高为样本资料．采用Ｐ－Ⅲ型和短期测波资料频率分析方法，分别估算了各海区不同重现期的设计波高，并依据式（１）计算出相应的平均周期。尽管样本资料和估算方法不变，但每次估算的结果互不相同，其差异甚至很大．利用Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｆｆ等适合度方法检验所得的结果，能够准确地判断出沿岸各海区不同重现期的最佳设计波浪。     

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷灰岩潜山储层特征及分布规律

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷经过多年勘探,常规碎屑岩领域勘探潜力越来越小,灰岩潜山勘探程度低,剩余资源潜力大,1,2号断裂带周缘已发现多个潜山油田或含油构造,展示了其良好的勘探前景。综合利用岩心观察、薄片分析、测井分析、测试分析等,结合区域构造演化及海平面波动研究灰岩潜山储层特征,深入剖析灰岩潜山有利储层控制因素及展布规律,研究表明,涠西南凹陷1号断裂带灰岩潜山主要为碳酸盐岩台地边缘滩相储层,发育颗粒灰岩,为后期构造破裂作用和岩溶作用提供了良好的物质基础,储层储集空间为孔隙+缝、洞型,强烈白云岩化明显改善孔隙型储层,同时,1号断裂带周缘（廉江-信宜断裂向海延伸）经历中生代早期左旋压扭及晚期右旋张扭的复杂构造演变,晚期的张扭型裂缝可为岩溶提供良好的渗流通道,加速了风化淋滤的进程,形成沟通良好的溶蚀孔洞。指出涠洲E近似于涠洲A区,位于强应力的构造裂缝发育区,白云化及溶蚀作用发育,为有利勘探方向,为涠西南凹陷灰岩潜山勘探提供地质依据。     

多元统计及物源分析支持的北部湾东部海域沉积物输运趋势

通过对北部湾东部海域表层底质样的粒度和重矿物分析,获得了粒度和矿物组成特征。对粒度进行因子分析获得了4个主控因子,其中因子2和3分别代表细颗粒的悬移质组分和陆源粗颗粒推移质组分,指示来自琼州海峡和北部湾西岸、西北岸的物源贡献,而且因子2的高得分区与弱环流背景相吻合;因子4反映了粤西和海南岛东岸沿岸流的物源贡献。采用重矿物组合,将研究区沉积物的物质来源划为4个分区。分别对4个物源分区使用粒径趋势分析模型,把它们合并后获得了整个研究区的趋势矢量,其中海湾北部沉积物输运汇聚中心的位置与余环流的中心位置基本一致,海南岛西部海域沉积物显示为向北输运的特征,与地貌、水动力特征基本吻合,在一定程度上可消除物源混合造成的影响。在使用粒径趋势分析模型获取沉积物净输运方向时,需要综合考虑物源差异和空间尺度对沉积物粒径趋势的影响。     

西路冷空气影响北部湾海区的分析与预报

根据1996—2000年溷洲站地面气象观测资料,结合实际预报中遇到的一些现象,文中对西路冷空气影响北部湾海区的特点进行了统计分析。结果表明,西路冷空气对北部湾海区影响比较突然,结束也较快。同时,造成北部湾海区的瞬间风力较大。结合实际工作经验,提出预报西路冷空气影响北部湾海区的简单预报方法。     

北部湾东北部表层沉积物主微量元素空间分布特征

A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)c(Al_2O_3)c(Fe_2O_3)c(CaO)c(MgO)c(K_2O)c(Na_2O)c(TiO_2)c(P_2O_5)c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)c(Rb)c(V)c(Zn)c(Cr)c(Pb)c(Ni)c(Cu)c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.     

北部湾潮汐潮流的三维数值模拟

基于二阶湍流闭合模型计算涡动粘性系数的POM三维水动力模式,采用细网格,考虑6个岛屿、海底摩擦系数进行划片取值,模拟北部湾潮汐潮流.所得潮汐调和常数与81个实测站比较,绝对平均误差:K₁分潮振幅为46cm,迟角为9°;O₁分潮振幅为56cm,迟角为7°;M₂分潮振幅为62cm,迟角为15°.由模拟结果分析出该海区潮汐、潮流、余水位和潮余流,以及水平速度垂直分布等特征.     

北部湾入海河流营养盐的分布特征及入海通量研究

于2018年2月(枯水期)和8月(丰水期)对南流江、大风江、钦江、茅岭江和防城江等北部湾主要的入海河流开展调查,分析这些河流各形态营养盐的浓度特征及入海通量。结果表明,不同时期营养盐浓度差异较为明显,主要表现为枯水期防城江、茅岭江和钦江的营养盐浓度较丰水期高,而丰水期大风江和南流江的营养盐浓度高于枯水期,表明丰水期大风江和南流江污染较为严重。丰水期,${\rm {NO}}_3^- $是溶解态无机氮的主要成分,但枯水期防城江和大风江${\rm {NH}}_4^+ $比例升高。根据径流量资料和河流营养盐浓度,估算出2018年北部湾入海河流的氮和磷的入海通量分别为1014607 t和47929 t,其中溶解态无机氮占总氮的77%,${\rm {PO}}_4^{3-} $占总磷的40%。丰水期,南流江营养盐入海通量总体较高,其次是大风江,防城江、茅岭江和钦江的营养盐入海通量相对较小。枯水期,受区域污染影响,不同河流营养盐的入海通量变化较大。与历史对比,北部湾河流的营养盐入海通量显著升高,表明河流营养盐输入的升高可能是北部湾近海水体富营养化加重的重要因素。北部湾河流不同时期氮和磷输入量的差异,可能会对北部湾近岸及邻近海域生态系统产生较大影响。     

北部湾近海结构物污损生物研究

对海洋结构物而言,污损生物不仅增加其水下部位表面粗糙度,显著增大波浪所引起的动力载荷效应,sup>[1],而且还能改变金属腐蚀过程,引起局部腐蚀或穿孔腐蚀,并妨碍水下检测、保养和维修等工作的进行[2,3].因此,在开发利用海洋资源时,必须预先对特定海区污损生物群落的结构特点及发展趋势有所了解,以便人们经济、有效的角度选择防污手段和制定清除保养计划.