钨成矿岩体的岩石化学统计分析

大量普查找矿工作表明,我省钨矿的形成与燕山早期黑云母花岗岩具有十分明显的关系,钨矿的分布与该期岩体有着依存关系,钨的成矿作用与该期次岩浆的成岩作用在时间上、空间上紧密相随。然而,并不是所有燕山早期黑云母花岗岩与钨成矿作用都很明显,而是在岩浆演化结晶分异到特定的阶段上才有钨矿床的形成。大量资料说明:钨成矿明显的岩体(以下称钨成矿岩体)在岩石化学成分上具有高硅、富铝、碱量大、贫基性组分的特点,而随SiO_2的     

矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿作用研究进展

钨具有极高的熔点和硬度,是现代生活、工业、国防和高科技领域中不可或缺的基础材料。研究显示,矽卡岩型钨矿是世界钨矿床中最主要的类型,广泛分布于受俯冲影响的环太平洋大陆边缘和与碰撞有关的欧亚大陆内部古大陆边缘,形成时代集中在中生代和古生代。钨在岩浆演化过程中呈现不相容的特征,因此与钨矿化相关的岩浆岩演化程度较高,包括S型、A型以及高分异I型花岗岩。钨具有较高的流体亲和性,使其在熔-流体分异过程中倾向于富集在共存的流体相。钨在热液流体中以氯化物、氟化物和碳酸盐络合物,以及同多钨酸盐和杂多钨酸盐等形式迁移,主要受源岩、围岩成分和流体物化条件等因素影响。矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿作用存在多期次、多阶段演化特征,不同阶段的成矿流体的温度和盐度存在差异。白钨矿是矽卡岩型钨矿中主要的矿石矿物,其沉淀可能受到多种机制的影响,如降温、流体混合、流体沸腾及流体-围岩反应等。文章简要综述了世界矽卡岩型钨矿的时空分布、地质特征和相关成因矿物学研究,并重点总结了钨的成矿岩浆-热液体系特征,钨在岩浆-热液演化过程中的地球化学行为及其迁移和沉淀机制等方面的研究成果。文章指出,为了完善矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿和找矿勘查模型,应当加强矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿时代、成矿物质和流体来源以及成矿环境的精细研究。     

中国不同类型钨矿床稀土元素地球化学研究成果综述

钨矿的稀土元素地球化学可以反映成矿作用的条件和过程,为矿床成因提供有效的信息。中国钨矿床稀土元素地球化学的研究硕果累累,从单矿种角度进行全国性的系统总结十分必要。本文统计了1990年至2016年间不同类型钨矿床钨矿石矿物及与成矿有关岩体的稀土元素300多组数据。通过总结可知,不同类型钨矿床钨矿石矿物及与成矿有关花岗岩中稀土元素的总量和稀土配分曲线不同,这与成矿原始物质及成矿时物理化学条件的不同有关。不同类型钨矿床大部分具有Eu负异常的特征,显示成矿条件为较高温的还原环境;黑钨矿及其成矿岩体的稀土分配模式之间存在一定的依从关系,但是,黑钨矿中的稀土元素并没有随着岩浆-流体的结晶分异而富集。     

初论广西大瑶山地区多期次花岗质岩浆活动与成矿系列

广西大瑶山地区位于钦杭成矿带西南端,以盛产石英脉型金矿闻名,近年来又新发现了一批与花岗岩类有关的斑岩型钨钼铜金矿床,显示良好的找矿前景。在总结矿床地质特征和相关岩浆岩的基础上,结合高精度成岩成矿年龄数据,将大瑶山地区花岗质岩浆岩划分为加里东期(430~470 Ma)、海西—印支期(240~270 Ma)、燕山早期(150~170 Ma)和燕山晚期(90~110 Ma)等4期,并将与花岗岩类有关的矿床划分为加里东期(430~440 Ma)斑岩-夕卡岩-石英脉型钨钼成矿系列、燕山早期(145~155 Ma)斑岩型铜钼(金)成矿系列和燕山晚期(90~110 Ma)斑岩型-蚀变破碎带型钼金银铜铅锌成矿系列等3个成矿系列。提出大瑶山地区加里东期岩浆活动的强度、范围和成矿作用可与燕山期的媲美,具有巨大的找矿潜力,是今后大瑶山地区寻找夕卡岩-斑岩型钨钼铜矿床的主攻方向之一。     

桂北牛塘界加里东期钨矿床年代学、成矿流体性质及其演化

牛塘界钨矿床是桂北地区苗儿山—越城岭岩体南部的一个大型钨矿床,与矿化密切相关的花岗岩为已绿泥石化的中细粒白云母花岗岩。对花岗岩进行了岩石地球化学研究,认为该岩体为高分异、高演化铝过饱和富钨花岗岩;对岩体中锆石进行了U- Pb定年分析,获得成岩年龄为410±4.9Ma;对与白钨矿共生的磷灰石进行了原位U- Pb定年,测得成矿年龄为418±37Ma,两组年龄数据表明,牛塘界钨矿床的成矿花岗岩及成矿作用都属加里东期。 本文还对牛塘界钨矿床的矿石进行了系统的研究,首先,根据蚀变类型划分出三种不同类型的矿石：矽卡岩化矿石、绿泥石化矿石及石英脉(块)型矿石;其次,根据三种矿石的特征划分出三个不同的成矿阶段,即三种矿石的形成与不同的成矿阶段相对应：矽卡岩化阶段、石英-硫化物阶段及晚期硅化-碳酸盐化阶段;第三,对各成矿阶段形成的白钨矿进行了原位微量元素分析,根据白钨矿中Mo含量的变化及白钨矿REE配分曲线中Eu的异常,阐释了成矿环境氧逸度的变化;根据白钨矿中微量元素Na和Nb含量的变化,结合白钨矿REE配分曲线特征,揭示了REE置换进入白钨矿的机理及成矿流体性质的演化趋势;第四,根据白钨矿氧同位素的分析结果,得出成矿流体为岩浆水混入部分经地层循环的大气水;第五,对成矿母岩中成矿元素W的分析结果表明,牛塘界钨矿成矿物质来源于成矿母岩。因此牛塘界钨矿床其成矿物质来源于矿区内高度分异演化的花岗岩,属加里东期晚期的产物。     

桂东北苗儿山-越城岭东北部界牌钨-铜矿区成矿岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及华南加里东期成矿分析

界牌W-Cu矿床产于苗儿山-越城岭复式岩体东北部斑状黑云母花岗岩与灰岩接触带的矽卡岩中,是苗儿山-越城岭复式岩体矿集区最大的矽卡岩型W-Cu矿床。矿区出露的主要岩体为斑状黑云母花岗岩及后期浅色花岗岩体,矿区外围则大面积出露斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。矿化产于斑状黑云母花岗岩与灰岩接触带矽卡岩,及斑状黑云母花岗岩中灰岩捕虏体矽卡岩化带中。黑云母花岗岩发育花岗岩型钨矿床成矿早期常见的钠长石化、云英岩化及从岩体至外接触带蚀变矿物组合显示形成温度逐渐降低。这些现象表明斑状黑云母花岗岩与矿床具有紧密成因联系。本文获得矿区斑状黑云母花岗岩、斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和浅色花岗岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为:422±11 Ma,428±7 Ma,410±7 Ma,表明界牌W-矿床及区内主要岩体均形成于加里东期。本文的同位素年龄及前人报道的苗儿山-越城岭矿集区和华南加里东期与花岗岩有关矿床同位素年龄表明苗儿山-越城岭矿集区W-Mo-Cu矿床成矿主要发生在加里东期和印支期,U矿成矿主要发生在燕山期,华南在加里东期发生了分布广泛、成矿元素组合多样的与花岗岩有关的成矿事件,有很好的找矿前景,今后应加强华南加里东期矿床的找矿工作。     

南岭稀土花岗岩、钨锡花岗岩及其成矿作用的对比

南岭地区的钨锡和稀土矿床都与花岗岩类有直接成因联系,但二者的成矿作用有许多不同之处.钨锡是典型的热液成矿,而稀土则主要形成于风化作用.随着花岗岩类的分异演化,岩石中的W、Sn等元素含量逐渐增加,因此钨锡等矿床主要与高度分异演化的晚阶段小岩体有关;但是稀土的表现与钨锡不同,由于花岗岩类的分异演化导致稀土栽体黑云母及许多副矿物的减少,因此稀土元素含量在晚阶段岩体中反而降低.赣南的五里亭-大吉山岩体、桂东北的花山-姑婆山岩体等提供了很好的范例.因此,南岭地区与风化壳型稀土矿床有关的岩石主要有:印支期准铝质花岗岩,燕山期A型花岗岩,燕山中-晚期黑云母二长花岗岩等.     

湖南瑶岗仙花岗岩浆演化与钨多金属矿成矿作用

南岭是世界最重要的钨矿产地,钨矿床成矿与燕山早期花岗岩浆活动有关,主要矿床类型为石英脉型、夕卡岩型,部分云英岩型。一般认为,南岭成矿花岗岩均经历了强烈的分异演化过程,分异作用主要是在深部完成的;分异机制以结晶分异为主;成矿作用与晚期岩浆作用有关。近年来的研究发现,南岭区域岩浆活动存在大规模的     

论岩浆热液矿床的成矿期——以南岭地区燕山期钨矿为例

中国岩浆热液型钨矿主要赋存在南岭地区的燕山期花岗岩体内部或周围。目前,尚无法精准地测定此类钨矿的成矿年龄,统计上,得出了两期钨成矿作用：150?160 Ma（主成矿期）和130?140 Ma（次成矿期）,然而,这困扰了对南岭钨矿成矿作用及其与花岗岩关系的理解。本文将综合分析各种最新资料,对成矿母岩、深部岩浆房和成矿机制开展系统的讨论,从而针对南岭钨矿的成矿模式给出明确的判断：（1）燕山早期呈岩基、岩株状的黑云母二长花岗岩不是南岭钨矿的成矿母岩,150?160 Ma的年龄值不是钨成矿作用的年龄值;（2）燕山晚期呈岩株、岩瘤、岩脉状的二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩是潜在的钨源载体,但其体积太小,也无法满足成矿母岩要求;（3）当组合燕山早期主体花岗岩（黑云母二长花岗岩）、燕山晚期补体花岗岩（二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩）和燕山晚期钨矿三者为一体时,一种新颖的成矿模式被构建起来：一个长期存活的深部岩浆房可以分异出富含成矿物质的残余岩浆;当这种岩浆沿着张性断裂快速侵位时,将发生流体–熔体之间的溶离作用,碱性硅质流体形成含黑钨矿的石英脉,而强硅铝质熔体固结为二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩;（4）130?140 Ma的二云母/白云母碱长花岗岩与黑钨矿石英脉是一对同源分体,两者的同步出现充分展示了成矿物质“源–运–储”的完整过程。该认识不仅可以合理地解释与岩浆热液矿床有关的多种地质现象（如“小岩体成大矿”）,而且更新了岩浆热液成矿作用理论,更加重要的是为找矿勘探提供了确切的指导方向。     

桂北苗儿山地区高岭印支期花岗岩及石英脉型钨成矿作用

高岭石英脉型钨矿床位于桂北苗儿山—越城岭岩体南部,根据花岗岩中含有斑晶与否,将其与矿关系密切的花岗岩分为两种:一种为中细粒似斑状二云母花岗岩,一种为中细粒二云母花岗岩;岩石地球化学表明,成矿花岗岩具有高硅、准铝—弱过铝、高分异S型特征。岩体稀土总量中等—偏低,富集轻稀土、Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb元素,相对亏损重稀土、Ba、Sr和Ti元素;利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb原位定年方法,对两种花岗岩中的锆石进行了定年分析,获得侵位年龄分别为224.9±1.4、220.2±1.6Ma,该数据为印支期岩浆活动的产物。除此之外,本文首次对高岭石英脉型钨矿的白钨矿石进行了Sm-Nd同位素分析,获得了钨成矿年龄为212±20Ma,数据表明钨成矿作用也发生在印支期,这再一次证实了南岭西部的苗儿山与越城岭地区存在较广泛的印支期成岩与成矿作用。对钨矿石的镜下和电子探针背散射图像的详细研究表明,高岭钨矿经历了两个主要的成矿阶段:(1)黑钨矿—白钨矿—石英阶段,(2)白钨矿(黑钨矿)—硫化物—石英阶段。白钨矿εNd(t)=-8.88~-9.39,为负值,这与成矿母岩属S型花岗岩相吻合,它们都属于古老壳源物质重熔作用的产物,而形成白钨矿的物质,则来自于重熔型花岗岩岩浆高度分异演化形成的富含成矿元素的成矿流体。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)