LABORATORY OBSERVATION ON SPAWNING,FECUNDITY AND LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF AMPHIOXUS (BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE)

Although amphioxus is widespread in temperate and tropical seas,its population is diminishing be-cause of environmental pollution.To keep the population of this evolutionarily important animal fromdiminishing,study on its reproduction and development is necessary.The main findings in this study onthe spawning and fecundity of the amphioxus reared in laboratory and its larval development are as fol-lows.1.Water temperature markedly affected the spawning.It spawned only when water temperature reached 21℃.2.Spawning of the amphioxus in laboratory was markedly extended.Initially,the amphioxus spawned at about 7:00 PM,but spawning time was postponed as spawning days went on.3.The number of eggs produced by a female ranged from 1400 to 12800,average of 5800.This al-so represents the fecundity of the amphioxus because it shedded all eggs within the ovary at a time.4.During the first few months of life of the amphioxus,its growth rate changed seasonally.Thegrowth rate in summer and fall was greater than that in     

INDUCTION OF ECTODERMAL CELLS FROM VEGETAL-ENDODERMAL BLASTOMERES OF AMPHIOXUS(BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE) EMBRYOS BY THE CALCIUM IONOPHORE A23187

INTRODUCnONAInPhioxusl6-celleInbryosconsistoftwotiersofblastomeres,eighboInalblas-tomeres,A8,andeightvegetalblastomeres,V8(Fig.l).Tungetal.(l958)shOWedthaV8isolatedatthel6-cellstage,whenculndexplan,gaVeriseInainlytointestineandoccasionalltonotochoal,muscleandneUraltube,butneverformedepidends-bendng-ly,thedeveloPmentalfateofV8blastomeresap~tobedetendnedatthel6-cellStag.HOWeVer,thesamauthors(l961)shoWedIaterthatifvegetal-mostblastomersatthe32-cellstage,thedescendansofV8,wereisolateda…     

Morphological and functional studies on the epidermal cells of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense) at different developmental stages

Epidermal cells of amphioxus at different developmental stages were investigated by electron microscopy and colloidal carbon tracing experiments. Amphioxus epidermal cells showed different ultrastructural characteristics at larval and adult stages. The epidermal cells at all larval stages studied (24–96 h) had numerous vesicles containing electron dense materials in their apical cytoplasm. In tracing experiments, carbon particles were found in apical vesicles and interoellular spaces. Under scanning electron microscope, many crater-like protrusions were observed on the surface of the cells. These results indicated that amphioxus larval epidermal cells may be capable of endocytosis. The epidermal cells of 3-month and adult amphioxus were obviously secretory ones characterized by well-developed peripheral filaments, a prominent Golgi apparatus and abundant apical secretory vesicles. This study also showed that adult amphioxus body surface mucus contained lectin that could agglutinate human red blood cells. The authors propose that the epidermal cells of amphioxus larva and adult may contribute to the immune defense of the amimal by different means. Project 3860811 supported by NSFC and study also supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 92D1144).     

ON THE ULIRASTRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE HEMOCYTES OF PENAEID SHRIMP, PENAEUS VANNAMEI (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA)

INTRODUCTIONHemocytesOfcrustaceansplayanimportantroleintheirimmunedefensenetWork(thethall,Cerenius,l992).Thesecellscanremoveforeignpallicleshyphagocytosis(Tyson,Jenldn,l974;Paterson,Stewed,l974)andencaPsulation(HoseandMartin,l989;Perssonetal.,1987)-TheraPidsealingofawoundtopreventhemolYmPhlossanddric~AnsmsfromPenetraingthewoundisanotherimportantprocessiflaqUaiccrustaceansandisthoughttobecormectedwiththeactivitiesofhemocytes(tevin,l985)-AttemPtshadbeenInadefromoverl(X)yearstoclass@…     

STUDIES ON THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY AND ISOLATION OF THE GLYCOPROTEIN FROM THE GONAD OF CHLAMYS (AZUMAPECTEN) FARRERI

INTRODUCTIoNGlyOProtein'sroleinthevedousbioactivitiesofcelllifewasPaldcloseattentiontoinrecentyearsWhenanuInberofantitUInractiveglycoproteinswerefoundinsuccessionintheInarinemolusca(driS-etal-,l985;kisugiJ-etal.,1989).Thehighan-titumoractivityoftheglycoproteinfromPatinOPectenyeSSoensisofJaPaninterestedPharma-cologists(~S.etal.9l987).TheadductorofChamy(forecten)farmri,acultivatedshellfishdistributedrnaidealongthenorthemcoastofChina,isValuableandtastymdrineproductverypoPulartoman.T…     

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON “SUB-MICROMETER PARTICLES" AT DAYA BAY I. STUDY ON CONCENTRATION, DISTRIBUTION AND CORRELATION OF TRACE METALS IN DIFFERENT SIZE FRACTIONS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｏｌｌｏｉｄｓ (ｏｒｓｕｂ ｍｉｃｒｏｍｅｔｅｒｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ)ａｒｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｄｅｆｉｎｅｄａｓｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ 1ｎｍａｎｄ1 μｍ (Ｖｏｌｄ ,Ｒ .Ｄ .ａｎｄＶｏｌｄ ,Ｍ .Ｊ.,1 983) .Ｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ“ｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄ”ａｎｄ“ｐａｒｔｉｃｕ ｌａｔｅ”ｐｈａｓｅｉｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｕｓｅｄｔｏｂｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｂｙａｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈ 0 .45 μｍｐｏｒｅｓｉｚｅｆｉｌｔｅｒｓ.Ｔｈ…     

STUDIES ON THE OPTIMUM PROTEIN CONTENT AND THE RATIO OF ANIMAL TO PLANT PROTEIN IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the optimum dietary protein content for the black sea bream using semi-purified dietsshowed the optimum content is 50.19% by weight as inferred from the growth rate and food consumptionof the fish. Another experiment on the proper ratio of animal to plant protein in its diet using sandeel as theanimal protein source and peanut cake meal as plant protein source showed that the ratio had great ef-fect on its growth and should be 1.00:0.89—0.96 as judged from the growth rate and food consumptionof the fish.     

STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT AND PROPER CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS RATIO IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)

An experiment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet's phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1:2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth.     

STUDY ON MIXIS POTENTIAL OF ROTIFER RESTING EGGS ( BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS ) WITH DIFFERENT COLLECTION TIMES AND DIFFERENT PRESERVATION PERIODS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｓｔｉｎｇｅｇｇｓ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｓｅｘｕａｌ(ｍｉｃｔｉｃ)ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｍｏｎｏｇｏｎｏｎｔｒｏｔｉｆｅｒｓｌｉｋｅＢｒａｃｈｉｏ ｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓｏｒＢ .ｒｏｔｕｎｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ,ｃａｎｂｅｒｅａｄｉｌｙｓｔｏｒｅｄａｎｄｕｓｅｄｗｈｅｎｎｅｅｄｅｄｔｏｓｔａｒｔｍａｓｓｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｆｏｏｄｓｆｏｒｌａｒｖｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈｅｓａｎｄｃｒｕｓｔａｃｅａｎｓ.Ｔｈｅ…     

IN VITRO STUDY ON CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF THE ORGANOPHO SPHOROUS PESTICIDE PROFENOFOS ON THE GILL CELL LINE, FG-9307, OF THE FLOUNDER (PARALICHTHYS OLIVACEUS)

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＰｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｐｏｓｅｓａｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｔｈｒｅａｔｔｏｍａｒｉｎｅｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄｕｌｔｉｍａｔｅｌｙｔｈｅｅｎｔｉｒｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ.Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｏｕｓ(ＯＰ)ｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｈａｖｅｌａｒｇｅｌｙｒｅｐｌａｃｅｄｏｒｇａｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｎｅｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｒａｐｉｄｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎｉｎｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｗｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ…     

荆山群的地层结构及野头组含金性研究

在荆山群建组剖面实地研究的基础上,补测了野头组的禄格庄剖面,考察了荆山区至平度区荆山群的相变规律,采用数学地质方法研究荆山群地层结构及生成环境,得知：荆山群无论在原岩建造、岩性组合、生成的古地理环境均不同于胶东岩群。荆山群形成于不稳定的冒地槽环境,相变剧烈,由荆山区至平度区厚度锐减,火山活动减弱。荆山群在总体上表现为三大周期,对应三个组,各组内部具有不同的沉积韵律和拟周期,野头组火山沉积和禄格庄组的砂泥质沉积是荆山群金的高丰度部位。野头组的火山建造形成于海底裂陷环境,金主要赋存在正常沉积与火山沉积的交变带中。产于进入火山活动和由火山活动转出的历史阶段,属火山喷气—溢流阶段的产物。     

3种珍珠贝精子发生及其超微结构的比较研究

在透射电子显微镜下观察合浦珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｆｕｃａｔａ）、大珠母贝（Ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａｍａｘｉｍａ）和企鹅珍珠贝（Ｐｔｅｒｉａｐｅｎｇｕｉｎ）的精子发生及精子形态．结果表明．大珠母贝从精原细胞到精子，核内都有数量不等的板层小体（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｌａｍｅｌｌａｒｂｏｄｙ）；企鹦珍珠贝从精原细胞的晚期直到精子细胞早期，大多数细胞出现核内包含体（ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ）；而合浦珠母贝的生精细胞核无特殊结构．合浦珠母贝在初级精母细胞时由高尔基体分泌形成前顶体粒；企鹅珍珠贝的前顶体粒主要在次级精母细胞和早期精子细胞阶段形成。虽然大珠母贝的各级生精细胞中都没有出现典型的高尔基体，但前顶体粒仍在精母细胞时期形成。三种贝的精子结构均为典型的原生型，由头部、中段和尾部构成．合浦珠母贝精子的顶体最长，中段的线粒体数有变异；大珠母贝的精子核最高，其中含有板层小体；而企鹅珍珠贝精子中段的体积是最大的．     

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE GROWTH OF A RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE SCRIPPSIELLA TROCHOIDEA (STEIN) LOEBLICH III

INTRODUCTIONRedtidecanadverselyaffectcoastalfisheriesbycausingthedeathofculturedfishandshrimporproducingtoxinsthatcanbeaccumulatedthroughfoodchains (Anderson ,1 989) .Phytoplanktonisoftenthemaincomponentofmanyredtides.AlongthecoastofJiaozhouBay ,P .R .China,theredtideismainlyformedbyadinoflagellate ,Scrippdiellatrochoidea ,duringsummer (JulytoSep tember)andthecelldensitycanreach 9.98× 1 0 7cells ml (Zou ,unpublisheddata) .Manyresearcherssuggestedthatredtideofphytoplanktonmightresultf…     

黄河壶口瀑布成因及与晋陕峡谷的关系

通过对黄河壶口瀑布区地质遗迹的考察 ,从岩性、构造、侵蚀作用、冰川作用诸方面论证了瀑布的成因问题 ,同时对黄河壶口瀑布与晋陕峡谷的关系以及广义及狭义概念上的瀑布形成时间进行了分析。     

试论平果三水铝石成因、富集规律及工业价值

平果岩溶堆积型铝土矿系一水硬铝石铝土矿床 ,原矿中含有大量的准胶结物———红土。研究资料证实 ,红土中的三水铝石含量甚高 ,不少地段已达到工业利用的要求。其他矿物质来源于原生沉积铝土矿床 ,并与堆积矿同产于一个层位。     

中国东部北北西(北西)向构造系与地震活动关系的讨论

本文依实际资料,讨论了中国东部北北西(北西)向构造系与地震活动的关系。其结论是:中国东部的地震活动主要是北北西(北西)向构造系,在北东东向压应力作用下,两组共轭剪切断裂分别发生右旋和左旋错动的结果。两者关系颇为密切。     

麻城1932年6．0级地震区地球物理场与深部环境研究

研究了麻城地区重、磁异常场特征，经反演计算获得了深部结构特征。对重力布格异常利用Ｐａｒｋｅｒ－Ｏｌｄｅｎｂｕｒｇ快速位场反演方法计算出莫霍面的展布，对航磁异常利用对数功率谱法和矩谱法计算出居里面深度。在此基础上，探讨该震区深部蕴震条件。主要结论是：①麻城－团凤断裂带为该区切割较深的主要控震构造；②１９３２年麻城６．０级地震发生在区域重力异常等值线梯度最大处，磁力异常区两局部正异常间的低值带，莫霍面及居里面隆起区边缘；③发震部位有其特定的深部蕴震构造及应力蕴震条件。